Article Sidebar

Submitted
May 9, 2026
Accepted
May 25, 2026
Published
May 31, 2026
Download
Statistic
Read Counter : 3

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

Background: Drug interactions represent a significant medication safety concern among pediatric inpatients. Pediatric patients possess distinct pharmacokinetic characteristics compared to adults, rendering them more vulnerable to adverse effects from concurrent drug administration.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in the prescriptions of pediatric inpatients at Dr. H. Andi Abdurrahman Noor Regional Hospital, Tanah Bumbu Regency.
Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection was conducted on 143 patients meeting the inclusion criteria from a total of 221 patients during the period of September–November 2025. Drug interaction identification was performed using the drugs.com database.
Results: Results showed that of the 143 analyzed prescriptions, 81 (56.6%) contained potential drug interactions, comprising 27 interacting drug pairs and a total of 107 interaction events. By mechanism, pharmacokinetic interactions predominated at 55.1%, followed by pharmacodynamic interactions at 44.9%. By severity, moderate interactions were most prevalent (54.2%), followed by minor (36.4%) and major (9.3%). The most frequently interacting drug pairs were paracetamol–ranitidine (18.7%), cefotaxime–gentamicin (13.1%), and diazepam–valproic acid (8.4%). The most clinically significant major interactions included diazepam–phenobarbital, gentamicin–furosemide, furosemide–propranolol, and dexamethasone–phenobarbital.
Conclusion: These findings highlight the high prevalence of potential DDIs in pediatric inpatients and underscore the necessity for rigorous therapeutic monitoring and active clinical pharmacist involvement in the prescribing process.

Keywords

Drug interactions pediatrics inpatients polypharmacy medication safety

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Rizky Aulia, Zakky Cholisoh

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish in the Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence that allows others to adapt (remix, transform, and build) upon the work non-commercially with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi.
  2. Authors are permitted to share (copy and redistribute) the journal's published version of the work non-commercially (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi.
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

  1. Aji Wibowo, M. I. N., Pratiwi, R. A., & Sundhani E., 2018, Studi Prospektif Potensi Interaksi Obat Golongan Antibiotik Pada Pasien Pediatri Di Rumah Sakit Ananda Purwokerto, Pharmacy: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, 15 (1), 430–439.
  2. Alander S.W. and Blowey D.L., 2003, Developmental Pharmacology — Drug Disposition, Action, and Therapy in Infants and Children, , 1157–1167.
  3. Caterina P., Antonello D.P., Chiara G., Chiara C., Giacomo L. and Antonio S., 2013, Potential drug-drug interactions and their risk factors in pediatric patients admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in MexicoPotential drug-drug interactions and their risk factors in pediatric patients admitted to the emergency, , 4 (July 2014), 1–14.
  4. Dai D, Feinstein JA, Morrison W, Zuppa AF F.C., 2017, Epidemiology of Polypharmacy and Potential Drug-Drug Interactions among Pediatric Patients in Intensive Care Units of U.S. Children’s Hospitals, HHS Pub lic Access, 176 (12), 139–148.
  5. Feinstein J., Dai D., Zhong W. and Freedman J., 2015, Potential Drug 2 Drug Interactions in Infant , Child , and Adolescent Patients in Children ’ s Hospitals, , 135 (1)
  6. Kimland E. and Odlind V., 2012, Off-Label Drug Use in Pediatric Patients, , (February), 28–30.
  7. Kurniawati F., Yasin N.M., Dina A., Atana S. and Hakim S.N., 2020, Kajian Adverse Drug Reactions Terkait Interaksi Obat di Bangsal Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Akademik UGM Study on Adverse Drug Reactions Related to Drug Interactions on Medical Ward Teaching Hospital UGM, Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi, 10 (4), 297–308.
  8. Patsalos P.N., Berry D.J., Bourgeois B.F.D., Cloyd J.C., Glauser T.A., Johannessen S.I., Leppik I.E. and Perucca E., 2008, Antiepileptic drugs — best practice guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring : A position paper by the subcommission on therapeutic drug monitoring , ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies, , 49 (7), 1239–1276.
  9. Rizqiah Ainaya, 2022, Review Interaksi Obat-obat Potensial Terapi Antibiotik pada Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Pasien Anak Rawat Inap Di Rumah Sakit (Rizqiah et al), Journal of Pharmacy Science and Technology, 3 (2), 47–54.
  10. Rochjana A.U.H., Jufri M., Andrajati R. and Sartika R.A.D., 2019, Masalah Farmasetika dan Interaksi Obat pada Resep Racikan Pasien Pediatri: Studi Retrospektif pada Salah Satu Rumah Sakit di Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 8 (1)
  11. Sjahadat A.G. and Muthmainah S.S., 2013, Analisis Interaksi Obat Pasien Rawat Inap Anak di Rumah Sakit di Palu, Jurnal Farmasi Klinik Indonesia, 2 (4), 1–6. Terdapat di: http://download.garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/article.php?article=1182676&val=7605&title=Analisis Interaksi Obat Pasien Rawat Inap Anak di Rumah Sakit di Palu.
  12. Tavousi F., Sadeghi A., Darakhshandeh A. and Moghaddas A., 2018, Potential Drug-drug Interactions at a Referral Pediatric Oncology Ward in Iran : A Cross-sectional Study, , 00 (00), 1–6.
  13. Timur W.W., 2022, Hubungan Interaksi Obat Pada Pasien Pediatrik Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Semarang Periode 2020, , 42–52.
  14. Tisdale J.E., 2020, Drug-Induced Arrhythmias A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association, , 1–20.