Article Sidebar

Submitted
April 14, 2020
Accepted
February 24, 2021
Published
April 30, 2021
Download
PDF THE INVOLVEMENT OF LIPIDS IN IMMUNE SYSTEM REGULATION: A MINI-REVIEW (Bahasa Indonesia) (Bahasa Indonesia) (Bahasa Indonesia) (Bahasa Indonesia)
Statistic
Read Counter : 3032 Download : 5560

Main Article Content

Abstract

An immune system recognizes and responds to antigens entering the body. Maintaining these roles, components of the immune system need energy obtained from nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. This study reviews and discusses roles of lipids, particularly fatty acids, in regulations of the immune system. This study was conducted by conducting a literature study on published research articles written in English. The articles were obtained from PubMed and Google Scholar by using search keywords: lipid, fatty acids, immune, regulation, inflammation, and response. Lipids are a group of biomolecule compounds composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, and they are classified into simple, compound and complex lipids. Fatty acids are compound lipids that act as a main fuel for metabolism, an essential component for all membranes, and a gene regulator. Fatty acids have a modulating effect on immune cells, such as: acting as a host defence, activating the immune system, interacting with nuclear transcription factors, playing roles in inflammatory responses, promoting apoptosis, as well as influencing lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, and Natural Killer (NK) cell activities. However, the modulation of the immune system by lipids is influenced by various factors such as concentration and types of fatty acids, types of immune cells, and species. This study is suggested to provide an overview of beneficial roles of lipids in maintaining immunity.

Keywords

lipid fatty acids immune system active immune response

Article Details

License

Authors who publish in the Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence that allows others to adapt (remix, transform, and build) upon the work non-commercially with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia.
  2. Authors are permitted to share (copy and redistribute) the journal's published version of the work non-commercially (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia.
How to Cite
Utami, K. P., Wasityastuti, W., & Soesatyo, M. H. (2021). Involvement of lipids in immune system regulation: A mini-review. JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 12(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.20885/JKKI.Vol12.Iss1.art11
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Huang C, Freter C. Lipid Metabolism, Apoptosis and Cancer Therapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015;16(1):924-49.
  2. Mignard V, Lalier L, Paris F. et al. Bioactive lipids and the control of Bax pro-apoptotic activity. Cell Death Disease. 2014;5:e1266.
  3. Fujimoto T, Parton RG. Not just fat: The structure and function of the lipid droplet. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 2011;3(3):a004838.
  4. Bernardi S, Marcuzzi A, Piscianz E, Tommasini A, Fabris B. The complex interplay between lipids, immune system and interleukins in cardio-metabolic diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018;19:4058.
  5. Pablo D, Cienfuegos A. Modulatory effect of dietary lipids on immune system function. Immunology and Cell Biology. 2000;78(1):31-9.
  6. Watson RR, Zibadi S, Preedy VR. Dietary components and immune function. New York: Springer Science & Business Media, 2010.
  7. Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham KM, Kennely PJ, Weil PA. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry 13th Ed. New York: McGraw Hill Companies, 2015.
  8. Curto A, Milligan G. Metabolism meets immunity: The role of fatty acid receptor in the immune system. Biochemical Pharmacology. 2016;114:3-13.
  9. Kim JY, Lim K, Kim KH, Kim JH, Choi JS, Shim SC. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids restore Th17 and Treg balance in collagen antibody-induced arthritis. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(3):e0194331.
  10. Yaqoob P. Fatty acids as gatekeepers of immune cell regulation. Trends in Immunology. 2003;24(12):639-45.
  11. Melo RCN, Dvorak AM. Lipid Body–Phago some interaction in Macrophages during infectious diseases: Host defense or pathogen survival strategy? PLoS Pathogen. 2012;8(7):e1002729.
  12. Sezgin E, Levental I, Mayor S, Eggeling C. The mystery of membrane organization: Composition, regulation and roles of lipid rafts. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2017;18:361–374.
  13. Wang X, Kulka M. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mast cell activation. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2015;97(5):859-71.
  14. Gutiérrez S, Sara L Svahn SL, Johansson ME. Effects of Omega-3 fatty acids on immune cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019;20:5028.
  15. Sears B, Ricordi C. Role of fatty acids and polyphenols in inflammatory gene transcription and their impact on obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2012;16(9):1137-1154.
  16. Grygiel-Gornial B. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their ligands: Nutritional and clinical implications – a review. Nutrition Journal. 2014;13:17.
  17. Flock M, Rogers C, Prabhu K, KrisEtherton P. Immunometabolic role of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in obesity-induced inflammation. Diabetes Metabolism Research and Reviews. 2013;29(6):431-45.
  18. Calder P. Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes. Nutrients. 2010;2 (3):355-74.
  19. Yaqoob P, Newsholme E, Calder P. The effect of dietary lipid manipulation on rat lymphocyte subsets and proliferation. Immunology. 1994;82(4):603-10.
  20. de Jong AJ, Kloppenburg M, Toes REM, Ioan-Facsinay A. Fatty acids, lipid mediators, and T-cell function. Frontiers in Immunology. 2014;5:483.
  21. Skoczynska M, Swierkot J. The role of diet in rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatologia. 2018;56(4):259–67.
  22. Zhang JM, An J. Cytokines. Inflammation, and pain. International Anesthesiology Clinics. 2007;45(2):27-37.
  23. Soyland E, Lea T, Sandstad B, Drevon A. Dietary supplementation with very long chain n-3 fatty acids in man decreases expression of the interleukin-2 receptor (CD25) on mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from patients with inflammatory skin diseases. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1994;24(4):236-42.
  24. Nagy E, Mocsar G, Sebestyen V, Volko J, Papp F, Toth K, Damjanovich S, et al. Membrane potential distinctly modulates mobility and signaling of IL-2 and IL-15 receptors in T Cells. Biophysical Journal. 2018;114:2473–2482.
  25. Tall AR, Yvan-Charvet L. Cholesterol, inflammation and innate immunity. Nature Review Immunology. 2015;15(2):104–116.
  26. Grimble RF, Tappia PS. Modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine biology by unsaturated fatty acids. Z Ernahrungswiss. 1998;37 Suppl 1:57-65.
  27. Gu Z, Shan K, Chen H, Chen YQ. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their role in cancer chemoprevention. Current Pharmacology Reports. 2015;1(5):283–294.
  28. Calviello G, Su H, Weylandt K, Fasano E, Serini S, Cittadini A. Experimental evidence of {omega}-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid modulation of inflammatory cytokines and bioactive lipid mediators: Their potential role in inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and neoplastic diseases. BioMed Research International. 2013; 2013:743171.
  29. Kumar NG, Contaifer D, Madurantakam P, Carbone S, Price ET, Tassell BV, Brophy DF, Wijesinghe DS. Dietary Bioactive Fatty Acids as Modulators of Immune Function: Implications on Human Health. Nutrients. 2019;11(12): 2974-2989.
  30. Bie N, Han L, Meng M, Zhang Y, Guo M, Wang C. Anti-tumor mechanism of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on ovarian tumor model by improving the immunomodulatory activity in F344 rats. Journal of Functional Foods. 2020;65:103739.
  31. Gniadecki R, Poumay Y. Lipid rafts and keratinocyte apoptosis: Regulation via death receptors and akt. The Open Dermatology Journal. 2009;3:163-5.
  32. George KS, Wu S. Lipid raft: A floating island of death or survival. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2012;259(3):311-9.
  33. Verstraeten SV, Jaggers GK, Fraga CG, Oteiza PI. Procyanidins can interact with Caco-2 cell membrane lipid rafts: Involvement of cholesterol. BBA-Biomembranes. 2013;1828 (11):2646-53.