Main Article Content
Abstract
Child with left renal agenesis fulfill the diagnostic criteria for chronic kidney disease due to its structural abnormalities that lasted for more than three months. It is important to monitored the disease progression and also growth, development and quality of life in children with chronic disease. Management of other risk factors that can accelerate disease progression must be carried out comprehensively. The patient's was 9 months old girl with stage I chronic kidney disease and also having recurrent complex urinary tract infections with left renal agenesis. The interventions was to identify other abnormalities of the urinary tract and syndromic disorders, prevention of urinary tract infection (UTI) recurrence, prevention of renal injury, renal scaring and dietary education. After 18 months of observation there was no urinary tract abnormality in imaging results, there was one episode of mild recurrent UTI, no renal injury and there was no sign of renal scaring. The final outcome was no significant decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), growth and development was good and good quality of life. The immunizations was given as scheduled. Monitoring and multidisciplinary intervention of prognostic variables such as urinary tract and syndromic disorders, recurrence UTI, renal injury, renal scaring and diet in children with chronic kidney disease are important for optimal outcome. No decrease of GFR, good growth, development and optimal quality of life and also knowing the progression of chronic kidney disease was the final outcomes of the intervention.
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References
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- Coplen DE. Unilateral renal agenesis: A systematic review on associated anomalies and renal injury. Yearbook of Urology. 2014;2014:235–6.
- Matsell DG, Catapang M. Predicting outcomes and improving care in children with congenital kidney anomalies. Pediatric Nephrology. 2020;35(10):1811–4.
- Levey AS, De Jong PE, Coresh J, Nahas M El, Astor BC, Matsushita K, et al. The definition, classification, and prognosis of chronic kidney disease: A KDIGO controversies conference report. Kidney International. 2011;80(1):17–28.
- Didsbury MS, Kim S, Medway MM, Tong A, McTaggart SJ, Walker AM, et al. Socio-economic status and quality of life in children with chronic disease: A systematic review. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 2016;52(12):1062–9.
- Urisarri A, Gil M, Mandiá N, Aldamiz-Echevarría L, Iria R, González-Lamuño D, et al. Retrospective study to identify risk factors for chronic kidney disease in children with congenital solitary functioning kidney detected by neonatal renal ultrasound screening. Medicine (United States). 2018;97(32).
- Westland R, Kurvers RAJ, Van Wijk JAE, Schreuder MF. Risk factors for renal injury in children with a solitary functioning kidney. Pediatrics. 2013;131(2): e478-85.
- Reinfjell T, Diseth TH, Veenstra M, Vikan A. Measuring health-related quality of life in young adolescents: Reliability and validity in the Norwegian version of the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM 4.0 (PedsQL) generic core scalès. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 2006;4:61.
- Friedman MA, Aguilar L, Heyward Q, Wheeler C, Caldamone A. Screening for Mullerian anomalies in patients with unilateral renal agenesis: Leveraging early detection to prevent complications. Journal of Pediatric Urology. 2018;14(2):144–9.
- Özveren B, Onganer E, Türkeri LN. Simple renal cysts: Prevalence, associated risk factors and follow-up in a health screening cohort. Urology Journal. 2016;13(1):2569–75.
- Zarza C. What is the prognosis of microscopic hematuria in children? Evidence-Based Practice. 2018;21(6):14.
- Uemura O, Yamada T, Nagai T, Fujita N. Chronic kidney disease in children. Nippon rinsho Japanese journal of clinical medicine. 2008;66(9):1814–20.
- Makris K, Spanou L. Acute Kidney Injury?: Definition , pathophysiology and clinical phenotypes. 2016;37(2):85–98.
- Asadi Karam MR, Habibi M, Bouzari S. Urinary tract infection: Pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance and development of effective vaccines against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Molecular Immunology. 2019;108(69):56–67.
- Hruska KA, Mathew S, Lund R, Qiu P, Pratt R. Hyperphosphatemia of chronic kidney disease. Kidney International. 2008;74(2):148–57.
- Kendrick J, Jovanovich A, Moe S. Mineral bone disorders in chronic kidney disease. Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplantation. 2019;145-161.e6.
References
Schreuder MF. Unilateral anomalies of kidney development: Why is left not right. Kidney International. 2011;80(7):740–5.
Coplen DE. Unilateral renal agenesis: A systematic review on associated anomalies and renal injury. Yearbook of Urology. 2014;2014:235–6.
Matsell DG, Catapang M. Predicting outcomes and improving care in children with congenital kidney anomalies. Pediatric Nephrology. 2020;35(10):1811–4.
Levey AS, De Jong PE, Coresh J, Nahas M El, Astor BC, Matsushita K, et al. The definition, classification, and prognosis of chronic kidney disease: A KDIGO controversies conference report. Kidney International. 2011;80(1):17–28.
Didsbury MS, Kim S, Medway MM, Tong A, McTaggart SJ, Walker AM, et al. Socio-economic status and quality of life in children with chronic disease: A systematic review. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 2016;52(12):1062–9.
Urisarri A, Gil M, Mandiá N, Aldamiz-Echevarría L, Iria R, González-Lamuño D, et al. Retrospective study to identify risk factors for chronic kidney disease in children with congenital solitary functioning kidney detected by neonatal renal ultrasound screening. Medicine (United States). 2018;97(32).
Westland R, Kurvers RAJ, Van Wijk JAE, Schreuder MF. Risk factors for renal injury in children with a solitary functioning kidney. Pediatrics. 2013;131(2): e478-85.
Reinfjell T, Diseth TH, Veenstra M, Vikan A. Measuring health-related quality of life in young adolescents: Reliability and validity in the Norwegian version of the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM 4.0 (PedsQL) generic core scalès. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 2006;4:61.
Friedman MA, Aguilar L, Heyward Q, Wheeler C, Caldamone A. Screening for Mullerian anomalies in patients with unilateral renal agenesis: Leveraging early detection to prevent complications. Journal of Pediatric Urology. 2018;14(2):144–9.
Özveren B, Onganer E, Türkeri LN. Simple renal cysts: Prevalence, associated risk factors and follow-up in a health screening cohort. Urology Journal. 2016;13(1):2569–75.
Zarza C. What is the prognosis of microscopic hematuria in children? Evidence-Based Practice. 2018;21(6):14.
Uemura O, Yamada T, Nagai T, Fujita N. Chronic kidney disease in children. Nippon rinsho Japanese journal of clinical medicine. 2008;66(9):1814–20.
Makris K, Spanou L. Acute Kidney Injury?: Definition , pathophysiology and clinical phenotypes. 2016;37(2):85–98.
Asadi Karam MR, Habibi M, Bouzari S. Urinary tract infection: Pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance and development of effective vaccines against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Molecular Immunology. 2019;108(69):56–67.
Hruska KA, Mathew S, Lund R, Qiu P, Pratt R. Hyperphosphatemia of chronic kidney disease. Kidney International. 2008;74(2):148–57.
Kendrick J, Jovanovich A, Moe S. Mineral bone disorders in chronic kidney disease. Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplantation. 2019;145-161.e6.