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Abstract
Opioid use in anesthesia during cancer surgery causes concerns about adverse effects, including postoperative nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, and potential impacts regarding cancer recurrence. In response, opioid-sparing and opioid-free anesthesia procedures have emerged as promising strategies to reduce opioid consumption while maintaining effective pain management. This study aimed to analyze the outcome of opioid-sparing anesthesia compared to opioid-free anesthesia on pain severity and patient-reported outcomes following cancer surgery. Randomized controlled trials and observational research that met predefined inclusion criteria were systematically selected, with data extracted and analyzed. The analysis revealed that both opioid-sparing and opioid-free anesthesia techniques reduced postoperative pain severity significantly in comparison to traditional opioid-based anesthesia. Additionally, patients who received opioid-free anesthesia reported better overall outcomes, including reduced nausea, faster recovery times, and improved satisfaction scores. Although pain control differences between opioid-sparing and opioid-free anesthesia techniques were statistically insignificant, both techniques showed substantial as safer, effective alternatives in perioperative cancer care, supporting their broader adoption in clinical practice.
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