Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Circumcision is the most widely minor surgery in the world, whether done by doctors, paramedics, or by traditional. Circumcision that removes part or all of the penis prepuce with the aim of removing smegma (dirt). Society circumcised their children at the age of 5-12 years. Analgesics may be given to patients, for instance, paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and opioid groups such as tramadol.
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of paracetamol analgesics and tramadol in circumcised patients given prior to the act of circumcision.
Methods:This study was a quasi-experimental study to determine different analgesic effects of paracetamol and tramadol administration, prior to circumcision. The subjects of this study are children aged 5-12 years as many as 36 children, which is divided into 2 groups of paracetamol and tramadol group. One hour before circumcision, subjects were given group-appropriate analgesics, then the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was measured 1 hour after circumcision. The data obtained were made intopercentage on the scale of VAS <5 and> 5.
Results:Â In the paracetamol group, there were 5 children (27.8%) with VAS 1-3 (mild pain), 13 children (72.2%) with moderate pain (VAS value 4-7). In the tramadol group, there were 15 children (83.3%) with mild pain (VAS score 1-3), and the remaining 3 children (16.7%) had moderate pain. No side effects of both analgesic drugs were found.
Conclusion: Patients with mild pain complaints were more likely found in the tramadol group than in paracetamol group. Tramadol gave stronger preemptive analgesic results in circumcision compared to paracetamol.
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References
- Purnomo B. Dasar-dasar urologi. 3rd ed. Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2011.
- Miller G. The circumcision reference library. Virginia Journal Of Social Policy and The Law. 2007;9:497–585.
- Patricia DN. Kamus Kedokteran Dorland. Jakarta: EGC; 2011.
- Sudoyo AW, Setiyohadi B, Alwi I, Setiati S. Ilmu penyakit dalam Vol. III. Jakarta: Interna Publishing; 2009.
- Male circumcision: Global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability (UNAIDS/WHO). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2007.
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- Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor AS. Then pharmacologycal basis of therapeutics basis of therapeutics. 9th ed. New York: Pergamon Press; 1996. 617-639 p.
- International Headache Society. The International classification of headache disorders [Internet]. 2004. Available from: http://www.ihs-classification.org
- Mardjono M, Sidharta P. Saraf otak dan patologinya. In: Neurologi klinis dasar. 8th ed. Jakarta: Dian Rakyat; 2000.
- Turan G, Yuksel G, Ormanc F. Preemptive analgesia with Paracetamol and Tramadol in pediatric in adenotonsillectomi. Journal of Anesthesia & Clinical Research. 2012;3(8).
- Bandey S, Singh V. Comparison between IV paracetamol and tramadol for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2016;10(8):UC05-UC09.
- Miguel RV. Real world strategies for the treatment of chronic pain, pain and its [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/474635%0A
- Viitanen H, Annila P. Analgesic efficacy of tramadol 2 mg kg–1 for paediatric day-case adenoidectomy. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2001;86(4):572–575.
- Makkar J, Jain K, Bhatia N, Jain V, Mal-Mithrawal S. Comparison of analgesic efficacy of paracetamol and tramadol for pain relief in active labor. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 2015;27(2):159–563.
- Bellieni CV, Alagna MG, Buonocore G. Analgesia for infants circumcision. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 2013;39(38):1–7.
References
Purnomo B. Dasar-dasar urologi. 3rd ed. Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2011.
Miller G. The circumcision reference library. Virginia Journal Of Social Policy and The Law. 2007;9:497–585.
Patricia DN. Kamus Kedokteran Dorland. Jakarta: EGC; 2011.
Sudoyo AW, Setiyohadi B, Alwi I, Setiati S. Ilmu penyakit dalam Vol. III. Jakarta: Interna Publishing; 2009.
Male circumcision: Global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability (UNAIDS/WHO). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2007.
BG K. Basic and clinical pharmacology Vol. II. 1st ed. Jakarta: Salemba Medika; 2011.
Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor AS. Then pharmacologycal basis of therapeutics basis of therapeutics. 9th ed. New York: Pergamon Press; 1996. 617-639 p.
International Headache Society. The International classification of headache disorders [Internet]. 2004. Available from: http://www.ihs-classification.org
Mardjono M, Sidharta P. Saraf otak dan patologinya. In: Neurologi klinis dasar. 8th ed. Jakarta: Dian Rakyat; 2000.
Turan G, Yuksel G, Ormanc F. Preemptive analgesia with Paracetamol and Tramadol in pediatric in adenotonsillectomi. Journal of Anesthesia & Clinical Research. 2012;3(8).
Bandey S, Singh V. Comparison between IV paracetamol and tramadol for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2016;10(8):UC05-UC09.
Miguel RV. Real world strategies for the treatment of chronic pain, pain and its [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/474635%0A
Viitanen H, Annila P. Analgesic efficacy of tramadol 2 mg kg–1 for paediatric day-case adenoidectomy. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2001;86(4):572–575.
Makkar J, Jain K, Bhatia N, Jain V, Mal-Mithrawal S. Comparison of analgesic efficacy of paracetamol and tramadol for pain relief in active labor. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 2015;27(2):159–563.
Bellieni CV, Alagna MG, Buonocore G. Analgesia for infants circumcision. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 2013;39(38):1–7.