Main Article Content
Abstract
Wasiat and wasiat wajibah hold a significant position in Islamic law, particularly in the distribution of assets after the death of a decedent. Both share the same objective of granting rights to certain parties and take effect after the testator’s death, yet they differ in nature and implementation. Wasiat is voluntary and based on the will of the testator, whereas wasiat wajibah is a legal obligation granted to individuals who are not entitled to inheritance under Islamic law, such as adopted children or non-Muslim heirs. This study employs a normative legal research method with a statutory and jurisprudential approach. The primary legal source is Book II of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), particularly Article 209 which regulates wasiat wajibah, while secondary sources include relevant literature and judicial decisions. The analysis is conducted qualitatively and descriptively by examining the consistency between legal norms and practice, and by connecting it with the principles of maqashid al-shariah. The findings indicate that the regulation of wasiat wajibah in KHI remains general and often results in multiple interpretations, making its implementation highly dependent on the role of judges. Several court decisions show that judges play a crucial role in determining the proportion of wasiat wajibah while maintaining fairness among heirs. In conclusion, more detailed provisions within KHI are necessary to ensure legal certainty, strengthen judicial discretion, and achieve justice as well as public benefit in the application of wasiat and wasiat wajibah in Indonesia.
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References
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Ali, Zainuddin. Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019.
Arpin. “Kedudukan Wasiat Berdasarkan Kompilasi Hukum Islam Dan KUHPerdata (Study Komparatif).” AkMen: Jurnal Ilmiah 12, no. 3 (2015): 460–75.
Bahdar. “Hadis Sa’ad Ibn Abi Waqash Tentang Wasiat Sepertiga Harta Kekayaan.” HUNAFA: Jurnal Studia Islamika 2, no. 1 (2005). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24239/jsi.Vol2.Iss1.289.
Benuf, Kornelius, and Muhammad Azhar. “Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Sebagai Instrumen Mengurai Permasalahan Hukum Kontemporer.” Jurnal Gema Keadilan Vol.7, no. No.1 (2020).
Dahlan, Abdul Aziz. Ensiklopedi Hukum Islam. Jakarta: PT Ikhtiar Baru Van Hoeve, 2000.
Erniwati. “Wasiat Wajibah Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Di Indonesia Dan Komparasinya Di Negara-Negara Muslim.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan 5, no. 1 (2018): 63–74. https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v5i1.1437.
Fatahullah, Supardan Mansyur, and Haeratun. “Kompleksitas Pelaksanaan Wasiat Wajibah Di Pengadilan Agama Mataram.” Jurnal Risalah Kenotariatan 4, no. 1 (2023): 271–93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29303/risalahkenotariatan.v4i2.138.
Fauzi, M. Yasir. “Pembagian Harta Dengan Wasiat Wajibah Dan Hibah Dalam Hukum Islam.” ASAS: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 9, no. 1 (2017). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/asas.v9i1.1218.
Fuadi, A. “Reduksitas Hukum Wasiat (Studi Pemikiran Muhammad Syahrur).” Ijtihad 36, no. 1 (2020): 49–64. https://journals.fasya.uinib.org/index.php/ijtihad/article/view/100.
Gafur, Abdul. “Analisis Konsep Wasiat Wajibah Dalam KHI Dan Putusan MA.” Al-Mazaahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum 10, no. 1 (2022): 1. https://doi.org/10.14421/al-mazaahib.v10i1.2483.
Hamzah, Amir, and A. Rachmad Budiono. Hukum Kewarisan Dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Malang: IKIP, 1994.
Hasan, Fahadil Amin Al. “Kewajiban Wasiat Sebelum Pembagian Waris.” 2024. Accessed June 10, 2025. https://pa-rangkasbitung.go.id/publikasi-artikel/arsip-artikel/626-kewajiban-wasiat-sebelum-pembagian-waris.
Hazairin. Hukum Kewarisan Islam Bilateral Menurut Qur’an Dan Hadith. Jakarta: PT Tintamas Indonesia, 1982.
Hidayatullah.com. “Tafsir Surat Al-Baqarah Ayat 180-182: Hukum Wasiat.” Accessed June 10, 2025. https://hidayatullah.com/kajian/oase-iman/2022/07/31/234405/tafsir-surat-al-baqarah-ayat-180-182-hukum-wasiat.html.
Jayadi, Ahmad. “Prospek Legislasi Hukum Kewarisan, Hibah Dan Wasiat.” Constituional Law Review 2, no. 1 (2023): 24–44. https://doi.org/10.30863/clr.v2i1.5176.
Khomaini. “Pemberian Harta Warisan Terhadap Anak Angkat Melalui Wasiat Wajibah Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Jurnal Ilmiah Metadata 5, no. 2 (2023). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47652/metadata.v5i2.
Manan, Abdul. Aneka Masalah Hukum Perdata Islam Di Ndonesia. Jakarta: Kencana, 2006.
Mu’arif, Moh. Syamsul. “Perbandingan Wasiat Dalam Perspektif Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) Dan Burgerlijk Wetboek (BW).” Tafáqquh: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Keislaman 3, no. 2 (2015): 93–110. https://doi.org/10.52431/tafaqquh.v3i2.49.
Muljono, Wahyu. Hukum Waris Islam Dan Pemecahannya. Yogyakarta: Magister Ilmu Hukum FHUJB, 2010.
Munawwir, Ahmad Warson. Al-Munawwir Kamus ArabIndonesia. Surabaya: Pustaka Progressif, 1997.
Nawawi, Maimun. Pengantar Hukum Kewarisan Islam. Surabaya: Pustaka Radja, 2016.
Nugraheni, Destri Budi, Haniah Ilhami, and Yulkarnain Harahab. “Pengaturan Dan Implementasi Wasiat Wajibah Di Indonesia.” Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 22, no. 2 (2012): 311. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16229.
Rahman, Fatchur. Ilmu Waris. Bandung: Almaarif, 1994.
Ramadhani, Andre Gema, Ngadino, and Irawati. “Pelaksanaan Wasiat Wajibah Menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam Dalam Praktek Pengadilan Agama Sambas.” Notarius 13, no. 1 (2019): 37–46. https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v13i1.29160.
RI, Mahkamah Agung. “Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung.” Accessed June 10, 2025. https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/911b06c5e207bfd29ee1ae700e3dbbb8.html.
Rizkal. “Pemberian Hak Waris Dalam Hukum Islam Kepada Non-Muslim (Rizkal).” Jurnal Yudisial 9, no. 2 (2016): 173–93.
Rofiq, Ahmad. Hukum Islam Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kencana, 2000.
Rohana, Nada Putri. “Wasiat Wajibah Dalam Perspektif Hukum Di Indonesia.” Yurisprudentia: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi 7, no. 1 (2021): 141–42.
Sa’adah, Sri Lum’atus. Pembaharuan Hukum Kewarisan Islam Indonesia. Jember: STAIN Jember Press, 2013.
Sanawiah, and Muhammad Zainul. “Batasan Kedewasaan Dan Kecakapan Hukum Pewasiat Menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam Dan KUHP.” Jurnal Hadratul Madaniyah 5, no. 1 (2018): 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33084/jhm.v5i1.157.
Sidik, Tono. Kedudukan Wasiat Dalam Sistem Pembagian Harta Peninggalan. Jakarta: Kementrian Agama RI, 2012.
Sumarwoto, Andrie Irawan, and Eva Nur Khaya Putri. “Perbandingan Wasiat Dalam Hukum Waris Perdata Dan Hukum Waris Islam.” Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory 2, no. 3 (2024): 1307–20. https://doi.org/10.62976/ijijel.v2i3.648.
Suparman, Eman. Inti Sari Hukum Waris Indonesia. Bandung: Mandar Maju, 1991.
Syafi’i. “Wasiat Wajibah Dalam Kewarisan Islam Di Indonesia.” Misykat: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Quran Hadist Syari Ah Dan Tarbiyah 2, no. 2 (2017): 119–30. https://doi.org/10.33511/misykat.v2n2.119-130.
Syarief, Oemara Amiroel. “Kewenangan Hakim Pengadilan Agama Dalam Menetapkan Wasiat Wajibah Bagi Pewaris Yang Tidak Menetapkan Wasiat.” Tahkim 17, no. 2 (2021): 209–26.
Syarifuddin, Amir. Hukum Kewarisan Islam. Cet.2. Jakarta: Prenada Media Grup, 2015.
Usman, Suparman, and Yusuf Somawinata. Fiqh Mawaris Hukum Kewarisan Islam. Jakarta: Gaya Media Pratama, 2008.
Wahyudi, Muhamad Isna. “Melacak Illat Hukum Larangan Waris Beda Agama.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan 10, no. 1 (2021): 155. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.10.1.2021.155-172.
Wira Nata, Resa, Sufirman Rahman, and Ilham Abbas. “Kedudukan Wasiat Dalam Sistem Pembagian Harta Warisan Menurut Hukum Islam Di Indonesia.” Journal of Lex Generalis (JLS) 3, no. 4 (2022): 396.
References
Ali, Muhammad Daud. Hukum Islam Pengantar Ilmu Hukum Dan Tata Hukum Islam Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 1996.
Ali, Zainuddin. Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019.
Arpin. “Kedudukan Wasiat Berdasarkan Kompilasi Hukum Islam Dan KUHPerdata (Study Komparatif).” AkMen: Jurnal Ilmiah 12, no. 3 (2015): 460–75.
Bahdar. “Hadis Sa’ad Ibn Abi Waqash Tentang Wasiat Sepertiga Harta Kekayaan.” HUNAFA: Jurnal Studia Islamika 2, no. 1 (2005). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24239/jsi.Vol2.Iss1.289.
Benuf, Kornelius, and Muhammad Azhar. “Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Sebagai Instrumen Mengurai Permasalahan Hukum Kontemporer.” Jurnal Gema Keadilan Vol.7, no. No.1 (2020).
Dahlan, Abdul Aziz. Ensiklopedi Hukum Islam. Jakarta: PT Ikhtiar Baru Van Hoeve, 2000.
Erniwati. “Wasiat Wajibah Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Di Indonesia Dan Komparasinya Di Negara-Negara Muslim.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan 5, no. 1 (2018): 63–74. https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v5i1.1437.
Fatahullah, Supardan Mansyur, and Haeratun. “Kompleksitas Pelaksanaan Wasiat Wajibah Di Pengadilan Agama Mataram.” Jurnal Risalah Kenotariatan 4, no. 1 (2023): 271–93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29303/risalahkenotariatan.v4i2.138.
Fauzi, M. Yasir. “Pembagian Harta Dengan Wasiat Wajibah Dan Hibah Dalam Hukum Islam.” ASAS: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 9, no. 1 (2017). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/asas.v9i1.1218.
Fuadi, A. “Reduksitas Hukum Wasiat (Studi Pemikiran Muhammad Syahrur).” Ijtihad 36, no. 1 (2020): 49–64. https://journals.fasya.uinib.org/index.php/ijtihad/article/view/100.
Gafur, Abdul. “Analisis Konsep Wasiat Wajibah Dalam KHI Dan Putusan MA.” Al-Mazaahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum 10, no. 1 (2022): 1. https://doi.org/10.14421/al-mazaahib.v10i1.2483.
Hamzah, Amir, and A. Rachmad Budiono. Hukum Kewarisan Dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Malang: IKIP, 1994.
Hasan, Fahadil Amin Al. “Kewajiban Wasiat Sebelum Pembagian Waris.” 2024. Accessed June 10, 2025. https://pa-rangkasbitung.go.id/publikasi-artikel/arsip-artikel/626-kewajiban-wasiat-sebelum-pembagian-waris.
Hazairin. Hukum Kewarisan Islam Bilateral Menurut Qur’an Dan Hadith. Jakarta: PT Tintamas Indonesia, 1982.
Hidayatullah.com. “Tafsir Surat Al-Baqarah Ayat 180-182: Hukum Wasiat.” Accessed June 10, 2025. https://hidayatullah.com/kajian/oase-iman/2022/07/31/234405/tafsir-surat-al-baqarah-ayat-180-182-hukum-wasiat.html.
Jayadi, Ahmad. “Prospek Legislasi Hukum Kewarisan, Hibah Dan Wasiat.” Constituional Law Review 2, no. 1 (2023): 24–44. https://doi.org/10.30863/clr.v2i1.5176.
Khomaini. “Pemberian Harta Warisan Terhadap Anak Angkat Melalui Wasiat Wajibah Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Jurnal Ilmiah Metadata 5, no. 2 (2023). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47652/metadata.v5i2.
Manan, Abdul. Aneka Masalah Hukum Perdata Islam Di Ndonesia. Jakarta: Kencana, 2006.
Mu’arif, Moh. Syamsul. “Perbandingan Wasiat Dalam Perspektif Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) Dan Burgerlijk Wetboek (BW).” Tafáqquh: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Keislaman 3, no. 2 (2015): 93–110. https://doi.org/10.52431/tafaqquh.v3i2.49.
Muljono, Wahyu. Hukum Waris Islam Dan Pemecahannya. Yogyakarta: Magister Ilmu Hukum FHUJB, 2010.
Munawwir, Ahmad Warson. Al-Munawwir Kamus ArabIndonesia. Surabaya: Pustaka Progressif, 1997.
Nawawi, Maimun. Pengantar Hukum Kewarisan Islam. Surabaya: Pustaka Radja, 2016.
Nugraheni, Destri Budi, Haniah Ilhami, and Yulkarnain Harahab. “Pengaturan Dan Implementasi Wasiat Wajibah Di Indonesia.” Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 22, no. 2 (2012): 311. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16229.
Rahman, Fatchur. Ilmu Waris. Bandung: Almaarif, 1994.
Ramadhani, Andre Gema, Ngadino, and Irawati. “Pelaksanaan Wasiat Wajibah Menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam Dalam Praktek Pengadilan Agama Sambas.” Notarius 13, no. 1 (2019): 37–46. https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v13i1.29160.
RI, Mahkamah Agung. “Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung.” Accessed June 10, 2025. https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/911b06c5e207bfd29ee1ae700e3dbbb8.html.
Rizkal. “Pemberian Hak Waris Dalam Hukum Islam Kepada Non-Muslim (Rizkal).” Jurnal Yudisial 9, no. 2 (2016): 173–93.
Rofiq, Ahmad. Hukum Islam Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kencana, 2000.
Rohana, Nada Putri. “Wasiat Wajibah Dalam Perspektif Hukum Di Indonesia.” Yurisprudentia: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi 7, no. 1 (2021): 141–42.
Sa’adah, Sri Lum’atus. Pembaharuan Hukum Kewarisan Islam Indonesia. Jember: STAIN Jember Press, 2013.
Sanawiah, and Muhammad Zainul. “Batasan Kedewasaan Dan Kecakapan Hukum Pewasiat Menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam Dan KUHP.” Jurnal Hadratul Madaniyah 5, no. 1 (2018): 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33084/jhm.v5i1.157.
Sidik, Tono. Kedudukan Wasiat Dalam Sistem Pembagian Harta Peninggalan. Jakarta: Kementrian Agama RI, 2012.
Sumarwoto, Andrie Irawan, and Eva Nur Khaya Putri. “Perbandingan Wasiat Dalam Hukum Waris Perdata Dan Hukum Waris Islam.” Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory 2, no. 3 (2024): 1307–20. https://doi.org/10.62976/ijijel.v2i3.648.
Suparman, Eman. Inti Sari Hukum Waris Indonesia. Bandung: Mandar Maju, 1991.
Syafi’i. “Wasiat Wajibah Dalam Kewarisan Islam Di Indonesia.” Misykat: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Quran Hadist Syari Ah Dan Tarbiyah 2, no. 2 (2017): 119–30. https://doi.org/10.33511/misykat.v2n2.119-130.
Syarief, Oemara Amiroel. “Kewenangan Hakim Pengadilan Agama Dalam Menetapkan Wasiat Wajibah Bagi Pewaris Yang Tidak Menetapkan Wasiat.” Tahkim 17, no. 2 (2021): 209–26.
Syarifuddin, Amir. Hukum Kewarisan Islam. Cet.2. Jakarta: Prenada Media Grup, 2015.
Usman, Suparman, and Yusuf Somawinata. Fiqh Mawaris Hukum Kewarisan Islam. Jakarta: Gaya Media Pratama, 2008.
Wahyudi, Muhamad Isna. “Melacak Illat Hukum Larangan Waris Beda Agama.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan 10, no. 1 (2021): 155. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.10.1.2021.155-172.
Wira Nata, Resa, Sufirman Rahman, and Ilham Abbas. “Kedudukan Wasiat Dalam Sistem Pembagian Harta Warisan Menurut Hukum Islam Di Indonesia.” Journal of Lex Generalis (JLS) 3, no. 4 (2022): 396.