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Abstract
"At the beginning of the independence era, Kahrudin Yunus proposed a natural law-based economic law model, but it declined in recent years or discussion in scholarly communities. This article examines the trend toward relations between state, government, and the rule of economic law based on bersamaism. Interpretive analytic is the method employed. Bersamaism’s basic assumptions are based on the universality of Quran truth, and the state must be positioned as an intermediary in legal and economic activities. Bersamaism is similar to the natural law school in terms of thought, but it also provides an understanding empirical considerations, actually has provided a prototype for the development of an economic system for Indonesia."
Keywords: Economic justice; natural law; prophetic law
Menilik Kahrudin Yunus Mengenai Bersamaisme: Desain Hukum Alam Untuk Indonesia Hari Ini
Abstrak
Pada awal era kemerdekaan, Kahrudin Yunus mengajukan model hukum ekonomi berbasis hukum alam, namun beberapa tahun belakangan ini ditolak dalam diskusi di kalangan cendikiawan. Artikel ini mengkaji kecenderungan hubungan antara negara, pemerintah, dan supremasi hukum ekonomi berbasis Bersamaisme. Analitik interpretatif adalah metode yang digunakan. Asumsi dasar Bersamaisme didasarkan pada universalitas kebenaran Alquran, dan negara harus diposisikan sebagai perantara dalam kegiatan hukum dan ekonomi. Bersamaisme mirip dengan mazhab hukum alam dalam hal pemikiran, tetapi juga memberikan pemahaman pertimbangan empiris, sebenarnya telah memberikan prototipe bagi pengembangan sistem ekonomi bagi Indonesia.
Kata kunci: Keadilan ekonomi; hukum alam; hukum profetik
Keywords
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References
- Books
- Anshori AG, Filsafat Hukum: Sejarah, Aliran, Dan Pemaknaan (Gadjah Mada University Press 2006)
- Aquinas ST, Summa Theologica (Christian Classics 1981) <http://www.ccel.org/ccel/aquinas/summa.html>
- Audard C, John Rawls (Acumen 2007)
- Bix B, ‘Natural Law Theory’ in Dennis Patterson (ed), A Companion to Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory (2nd edn, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing 2010)
- Bledsoe RL and Boleslaw A., The International Law Dictionary (Clio Press 1987)
- Copleston FC, A History of Philosophy Volume II: Medieval Philosophy (Image Book, Doubleday Dell Publishing 1993)
- d’Enterves AP, Natural Law: An Introduction to Legal Philosophy (5th edn, Hutchinson University Library 1961)
- Dick H and others, Economy: An Economic History of Indonesia 1800-2000 (University of Hawaii Press 2002)
- Duignan B, The 100 Most Influental Philosophers of All Time (The Britannica Guide to the World’s Most Influential People) (Brian Duignan and Jeanne Nagle eds, 1st edn, Britannica Educational Publishing & Rosen Educational Services 2010)
- Dworkin RM, Is Democracy Possible Here?: Principles For A New Political Debate (3rd edn, Princenton University Press 2008)
- Ehrlich E, Fundamental Principles of the Sociology of Law (Walter L Moll ed, Reprinted, Routledge 2017)
- Feener R, ‘Sharia Islam in a Pancasila Nation’, Muslim Legal Thought in Modern Indonesia (Cambridge University Press 2007)
- Finnis J, ‘Natural Law: The Classical Tradition’ in Jules L Coleman, Kenneth Einar Himma and Scott J Sahpiro (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law (Oxford University Press 2004)
- Friedman DD, Law’s Order: What Economics Has To Do With Law and Why It Matters (Princenton University Press 2000)
- Grotius H, The Rights of War and Peace (Richard Tuck and Jean Barbeyrac eds, Digital, Liberty Fund 2005)
- _____, Commentary on The Law of Prize and Booty (Matine Julia van Ittersum ed, Digital, Liberty Fund 2012)
- Huijbers T, Filsafat Hukum Dalam Lintasan Sejarah (VIII, Pustaka Kanisius 1995)
- Kuntowijoyo, Paradigma Islam: Interpretasi Untuk Aksi (Mizan Publika 2018)
- Kymlicka W, ‘Dworkin on Freedom and Culture’ in Justine Burley (ed), Dworkin and His Critics: With Replies by Dworkin (Blackwell Publishing 2004)
- Liow J, ‘Indonesia: Contesting Principles of Nationhood’, Religion and Nationalism in Southeast Asia (Cambridge University Press 2016)
- Muadz MH, Anatomi Sistem Sosial: Rekonstruksi Normalitas Relasi Intersubyektivitas Dengan Pendekatan Sistem (M Firdaus ed, Institut Pembelajaran Gelar Hidup 2013)
- _____, Sekolah Perjumpaan: Normalisasi Menuju Relasi Sosial Yang Terbuka, Toleran Dan Saling Berterima Pada Masyarakat Yang Heterogen (1st edn, Gelar Hidup Publishing 2017)
- Murphy MC, ‘Natural Law Theory’ in Martin P Golding and William A Edmundson (eds), The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory (3rd edn, Blackwell Publishing 2006)
- Posner RA, The Economics of Justice (Harvard University Press 1981)
- _____, The Problematics of Moral and Legal Theory (3rd edn, Harvard University Press 2002)
- _____, Economic Analysis of Law (7th edn, Aspern Publisher 2007)
- Putro WD, ‘Mengkritisi Positivisme Hukum: Langkah Awal Memasuki Diskurus Metodologis Dalam Penelitian Hukum’ in Sulistyowati Irianto and Shidarta (eds), Metode Penelitian Hukum: Konstelasi dan Refleksi (2nd edn, Yayasan Obor Indonesia 2011)
- Rawls J, A Theory of Justice (Revised, Harvard University Press 1999)
- Ripstein A, ‘Liberty and Equality’ in Arthur Ripstein (ed), Ronald Dworkin (Cambridge University Press 2007)
- Rodrik D, The Globalization Paradox: Why Global Markets, States, and Democracy Can’t Coexist (Oxford University Press 2011)
- Rommen HA, The Natural Law: A Study in Legal and Social History and Philosophy (Thomas R Hanlev ed, Liberty Funds 1998)
- Savigny FC von, Of The Vocation of Our Age for Legislation (Abraham Hayward ed, Translated, Littlewood & Co Old Baily)
- _____, System of The Modern Roman Law Vol. 1 (William Holloway ed, Translated, J Hingginbotham Publisher 1867)
- Soroush A, ‘The Evolution and Devolution of Religious Knowledge’ in Charles Kurzman (ed), Liberal Islam: A Source Book (Oxford University Press 1998)
- Tamanaha BZ, Law as A Means to An End: Threat to The Rule of Law (William Twining and Christopher McCurudden eds, Cambridge University Press 2006)
- _____, A Realistic Theory of Law (Cambridge University Press 2017)
- Yunus K, Pedoman Hidup Bernegara Menurut Islamisme, Pantjasilaisme, Atau Bersamaisme (Penerbit Fikiran-Baru 1968)
- Journals
- Addiarrahman, ‘Adakah Sistem Pasar Bebas Islami?’ (2014) 5 Muqtasid: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah 123
- _____, ‘Ekonomi Kemakmuran Bersama: Indonesian Islamic Economic Thought of Kahrudin Yunus’ (2018) 3 Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business 283
- _____, ‘The Fiqh Paradigm of Sustainable Development’ (2019) 3 Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies 47
- Ali M, ‘Islam and Economic Development in New Order’s Indonesia (1967-1998)’ (2004) 12
- Aquinas ST, Summa Theologica (Christian Classics 1981) <http://www.ccel.org/ccel/aquinas/summa.html>
- Aulia MZ, ‘Hukum Pembangunan Dari Mochtar Kusuma-Atmadja: Mengarahkan Pembangunan Atau Mengabdi Pada Pembangunan?’ (2018) 1 Undang: Jurnal Hukum 363
- Brundtland GH, ‘Our Common Future: Call For Action’ (1987) 14 Environmental Conservation 291
- Brundtland GH, ‘Global Change and Our Common Future’ (1989) 31 Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 16
- Chorust A-H, ‘The Philosophy of Law of Gustav Radbruch’ (1944) 53 The Philosophical Review 23 <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2181218>
- Feith H, ‘Rezim-Rezim Developmentalis Di Asia: Kekuatan Lama, Kerawanan Baru’ (1980) XI Prisma
- Friedman LM, ‘Legal Social Culture and Social Development’ (1969) 4 Law & Society Review 29 <https://www.jstor.org/stable/3052760>
- Furqani H, ‘The Current Situation Of Islamic Economics in Indonesia’ (2017)
- George RP, ‘Natural Law’ (2005) 31 Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policyurnal of Law and Public Policy 171
- Hildebrandt M, ‘Radbruch’s Rechtsstaat and Schmitt’s Legal Order: Legalism, Legality, and the Institution of Law’ (2015) 2 Critical Analysis of Law 42
- Leawoods H, ‘Gustav Radbruch: An Extraordinary Legal Philosopher’ (2000) 2 Washington University Journal of Law & Policy 489
- McDougal MS, ‘Fuller v. the American Legal Realists: An Intervention’ (1941) 50 The Yale Law Journal 827
- Paulson SL, ‘Lon L. Fuller, Gustav Radbruch, and the “Positivist” Theses’ (1994) 13 Law and Philosophy 313 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3504918>
- Pohan IA, Krisdayanti AE and Simanjuntak DB, ‘Rekonstruksi Pemikiran Ekonomi Kerakyatan Mohammad Hatta’ (2018) 4 Jurnal Ilmu Politik dan Pemerintahan 21
- Radbruch G, ‘Statutory Lawlessness and Supra-Statutory Law (1946)’ (2006) 26 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 1
- Rahmat A, ‘Rasionalisasi Hukum Alam Oleh Hugo Grotius: Dari Humanisasi Menuju Sekularisasi’ (2020) 2 Undang: Jurnal Hukum 433
- Seagle W, ‘Rudolf von Jhering: Or Law as a Means to an End’ (1945) 13 The University of Chicago Law Review 71
- Sholihin M, ‘Ekonomi Indonesia, Islamikah? Economy Islamicity Index Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Maqasid Syariah’ (2020) 7 An-Nisbah: Jurnal Ekonomi Syari’ah 325
- Soroush A, ‘Evolution and Devolution of Religious Knowledge’ (1996) 9 Journal of Islamic Research 62
- Szymaniec P, ‘Criticism of Rudolf von Jhering’s Concepts in Leon Petrazycki’s Philosophy of Law: Remarks on the Reception of Jhering’s Work in the Polish Legal Thought in the Second Half of the Nineteenth and the Early Twentieth Centuries’ (2017) 4 Transformacje Prawa Prywatnego 61
- Wardana FR, ‘Pemikiran Ekonomi Kerakyatan Mohammad Hatta Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Ekonomi Islam’ (Institut Agama Islam Negeri Jember 2016)
- Widodo T, ‘From Dutch Mercantilism to Liberalism: Indonesian Historical Perspective’ (2006) 21 Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia 323
References
Books
Anshori AG, Filsafat Hukum: Sejarah, Aliran, Dan Pemaknaan (Gadjah Mada University Press 2006)
Aquinas ST, Summa Theologica (Christian Classics 1981) <http://www.ccel.org/ccel/aquinas/summa.html>
Audard C, John Rawls (Acumen 2007)
Bix B, ‘Natural Law Theory’ in Dennis Patterson (ed), A Companion to Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory (2nd edn, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing 2010)
Bledsoe RL and Boleslaw A., The International Law Dictionary (Clio Press 1987)
Copleston FC, A History of Philosophy Volume II: Medieval Philosophy (Image Book, Doubleday Dell Publishing 1993)
d’Enterves AP, Natural Law: An Introduction to Legal Philosophy (5th edn, Hutchinson University Library 1961)
Dick H and others, Economy: An Economic History of Indonesia 1800-2000 (University of Hawaii Press 2002)
Duignan B, The 100 Most Influental Philosophers of All Time (The Britannica Guide to the World’s Most Influential People) (Brian Duignan and Jeanne Nagle eds, 1st edn, Britannica Educational Publishing & Rosen Educational Services 2010)
Dworkin RM, Is Democracy Possible Here?: Principles For A New Political Debate (3rd edn, Princenton University Press 2008)
Ehrlich E, Fundamental Principles of the Sociology of Law (Walter L Moll ed, Reprinted, Routledge 2017)
Feener R, ‘Sharia Islam in a Pancasila Nation’, Muslim Legal Thought in Modern Indonesia (Cambridge University Press 2007)
Finnis J, ‘Natural Law: The Classical Tradition’ in Jules L Coleman, Kenneth Einar Himma and Scott J Sahpiro (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law (Oxford University Press 2004)
Friedman DD, Law’s Order: What Economics Has To Do With Law and Why It Matters (Princenton University Press 2000)
Grotius H, The Rights of War and Peace (Richard Tuck and Jean Barbeyrac eds, Digital, Liberty Fund 2005)
_____, Commentary on The Law of Prize and Booty (Matine Julia van Ittersum ed, Digital, Liberty Fund 2012)
Huijbers T, Filsafat Hukum Dalam Lintasan Sejarah (VIII, Pustaka Kanisius 1995)
Kuntowijoyo, Paradigma Islam: Interpretasi Untuk Aksi (Mizan Publika 2018)
Kymlicka W, ‘Dworkin on Freedom and Culture’ in Justine Burley (ed), Dworkin and His Critics: With Replies by Dworkin (Blackwell Publishing 2004)
Liow J, ‘Indonesia: Contesting Principles of Nationhood’, Religion and Nationalism in Southeast Asia (Cambridge University Press 2016)
Muadz MH, Anatomi Sistem Sosial: Rekonstruksi Normalitas Relasi Intersubyektivitas Dengan Pendekatan Sistem (M Firdaus ed, Institut Pembelajaran Gelar Hidup 2013)
_____, Sekolah Perjumpaan: Normalisasi Menuju Relasi Sosial Yang Terbuka, Toleran Dan Saling Berterima Pada Masyarakat Yang Heterogen (1st edn, Gelar Hidup Publishing 2017)
Murphy MC, ‘Natural Law Theory’ in Martin P Golding and William A Edmundson (eds), The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory (3rd edn, Blackwell Publishing 2006)
Posner RA, The Economics of Justice (Harvard University Press 1981)
_____, The Problematics of Moral and Legal Theory (3rd edn, Harvard University Press 2002)
_____, Economic Analysis of Law (7th edn, Aspern Publisher 2007)
Putro WD, ‘Mengkritisi Positivisme Hukum: Langkah Awal Memasuki Diskurus Metodologis Dalam Penelitian Hukum’ in Sulistyowati Irianto and Shidarta (eds), Metode Penelitian Hukum: Konstelasi dan Refleksi (2nd edn, Yayasan Obor Indonesia 2011)
Rawls J, A Theory of Justice (Revised, Harvard University Press 1999)
Ripstein A, ‘Liberty and Equality’ in Arthur Ripstein (ed), Ronald Dworkin (Cambridge University Press 2007)
Rodrik D, The Globalization Paradox: Why Global Markets, States, and Democracy Can’t Coexist (Oxford University Press 2011)
Rommen HA, The Natural Law: A Study in Legal and Social History and Philosophy (Thomas R Hanlev ed, Liberty Funds 1998)
Savigny FC von, Of The Vocation of Our Age for Legislation (Abraham Hayward ed, Translated, Littlewood & Co Old Baily)
_____, System of The Modern Roman Law Vol. 1 (William Holloway ed, Translated, J Hingginbotham Publisher 1867)
Soroush A, ‘The Evolution and Devolution of Religious Knowledge’ in Charles Kurzman (ed), Liberal Islam: A Source Book (Oxford University Press 1998)
Tamanaha BZ, Law as A Means to An End: Threat to The Rule of Law (William Twining and Christopher McCurudden eds, Cambridge University Press 2006)
_____, A Realistic Theory of Law (Cambridge University Press 2017)
Yunus K, Pedoman Hidup Bernegara Menurut Islamisme, Pantjasilaisme, Atau Bersamaisme (Penerbit Fikiran-Baru 1968)
Journals
Addiarrahman, ‘Adakah Sistem Pasar Bebas Islami?’ (2014) 5 Muqtasid: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah 123
_____, ‘Ekonomi Kemakmuran Bersama: Indonesian Islamic Economic Thought of Kahrudin Yunus’ (2018) 3 Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business 283
_____, ‘The Fiqh Paradigm of Sustainable Development’ (2019) 3 Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies 47
Ali M, ‘Islam and Economic Development in New Order’s Indonesia (1967-1998)’ (2004) 12
Aquinas ST, Summa Theologica (Christian Classics 1981) <http://www.ccel.org/ccel/aquinas/summa.html>
Aulia MZ, ‘Hukum Pembangunan Dari Mochtar Kusuma-Atmadja: Mengarahkan Pembangunan Atau Mengabdi Pada Pembangunan?’ (2018) 1 Undang: Jurnal Hukum 363
Brundtland GH, ‘Our Common Future: Call For Action’ (1987) 14 Environmental Conservation 291
Brundtland GH, ‘Global Change and Our Common Future’ (1989) 31 Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 16
Chorust A-H, ‘The Philosophy of Law of Gustav Radbruch’ (1944) 53 The Philosophical Review 23 <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2181218>
Feith H, ‘Rezim-Rezim Developmentalis Di Asia: Kekuatan Lama, Kerawanan Baru’ (1980) XI Prisma
Friedman LM, ‘Legal Social Culture and Social Development’ (1969) 4 Law & Society Review 29 <https://www.jstor.org/stable/3052760>
Furqani H, ‘The Current Situation Of Islamic Economics in Indonesia’ (2017)
George RP, ‘Natural Law’ (2005) 31 Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policyurnal of Law and Public Policy 171
Hildebrandt M, ‘Radbruch’s Rechtsstaat and Schmitt’s Legal Order: Legalism, Legality, and the Institution of Law’ (2015) 2 Critical Analysis of Law 42
Leawoods H, ‘Gustav Radbruch: An Extraordinary Legal Philosopher’ (2000) 2 Washington University Journal of Law & Policy 489
McDougal MS, ‘Fuller v. the American Legal Realists: An Intervention’ (1941) 50 The Yale Law Journal 827
Paulson SL, ‘Lon L. Fuller, Gustav Radbruch, and the “Positivist” Theses’ (1994) 13 Law and Philosophy 313 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3504918>
Pohan IA, Krisdayanti AE and Simanjuntak DB, ‘Rekonstruksi Pemikiran Ekonomi Kerakyatan Mohammad Hatta’ (2018) 4 Jurnal Ilmu Politik dan Pemerintahan 21
Radbruch G, ‘Statutory Lawlessness and Supra-Statutory Law (1946)’ (2006) 26 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 1
Rahmat A, ‘Rasionalisasi Hukum Alam Oleh Hugo Grotius: Dari Humanisasi Menuju Sekularisasi’ (2020) 2 Undang: Jurnal Hukum 433
Seagle W, ‘Rudolf von Jhering: Or Law as a Means to an End’ (1945) 13 The University of Chicago Law Review 71
Sholihin M, ‘Ekonomi Indonesia, Islamikah? Economy Islamicity Index Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Maqasid Syariah’ (2020) 7 An-Nisbah: Jurnal Ekonomi Syari’ah 325
Soroush A, ‘Evolution and Devolution of Religious Knowledge’ (1996) 9 Journal of Islamic Research 62
Szymaniec P, ‘Criticism of Rudolf von Jhering’s Concepts in Leon Petrazycki’s Philosophy of Law: Remarks on the Reception of Jhering’s Work in the Polish Legal Thought in the Second Half of the Nineteenth and the Early Twentieth Centuries’ (2017) 4 Transformacje Prawa Prywatnego 61
Wardana FR, ‘Pemikiran Ekonomi Kerakyatan Mohammad Hatta Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Ekonomi Islam’ (Institut Agama Islam Negeri Jember 2016)
Widodo T, ‘From Dutch Mercantilism to Liberalism: Indonesian Historical Perspective’ (2006) 21 Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia 323