Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The government’s policy in implementing the nation-wide mandatory COVID-19 vaccination program aims to reduce the risk of transmission of the COVID-19 disease. However, some healthcare workers do not believe that the vaccination is effective. Every citizen has the right to refuse vaccination against COVID-19, including the healthcare workers. The research questions are (1) how the protection of the healthcare workers’ right to refuse the COVID-19 vaccination in Kebumen District? (2) How does the legal theory address the problem of the right to refuse the COVID-19 vaccine? This research uses sociological or empirical non-doctrinal methods with a qualitative descriptive approach, the research was conducted in Kebumen District with bureaucrat, healthcare workers and head of the healthcare professional organization as the respondents. Theories used in this research are ethics and human rights, work of law in society hegemony and domination. The results show that the rights of healthcare workers too refuse the COVID-19 vaccination is not guaranteed and protected by the government. Healthcare workers who refuse vaccination sanctioned. The government and the healthcare workers have the same interests; hence a consensus is needed in the form of a hegemony and domination which is mutually beneficial and not detrimental to both parties.
Keywords: Healthcare workers; refusal; rights; vaccine
Perlindungan Hak Tenaga Kesehatan untuk Menolak Vaksinasi Covid-19 di Kabupaten Kebumen
Abstrak
Kebijakan pemerintah dalam melaksanakan program vaksinasi wajib COVID-19 secara nasional bertujuan untuk mengurangi risiko penularan penyakit COVID-19. Namun, beberapa petugas kesehatan tidak percaya bahwa vaksinasi itu efektif. Setiap warga negara berhak menolak vaksinasi terhadap COVID-19, termasuk tenaga kesehatan. Rumusan Masalah yang disajikan adalah (1) bagaimana perlindungan hak tenaga kesehatan untuk menolak vaksinasi COVID-19 di Kabupaten Kebumen? (2) Bagaimana teori hukum menyikapi masalah hak menolak vaksin COVID-19? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode non-doktrinal sosiologis atau empiris dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Kebumen dengan responden birokrat, petugas kesehatan dan pimpinan organisasi profesi kesehatan. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah etika dan hak asasi manusia, kerja hukum dalam hegemoni dan dominasi masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hak tenaga kesehatan juga menolak vaksinasi COVID-19 tidak dijamin dan dilindungi oleh pemerintah. Petugas kesehatan yang menolak vaksinasi diberi sanksi. Pemerintah dan petugas kesehatan memiliki kepentingan yang sama; maka diperlukan konsensus berupa hegemoni dan dominasi yang saling menguntungkan dan tidak merugikan kedua belah pihak.
Kata Kunci: Petugas kesehatan; penolakan; hak; vaksin
Keywords
Article Details
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
- Indonesian Legislations
- The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
- Law No. 4 of 1984 on Infectious Disease Outbreaks.
- Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights.
- Law No. 6 of 2018 on Health Quarantine.
- Law No. 36 of 2014 on Healthcare Workers.
- Law No. 36 of 2009 on Health.
- Law No. 24 of 2007 on Disaster Management.
- Government Regulation No. 40 of 1991 on Prevention on Communicable Disease Outbreaks.
- Government Regulation No. 21 of 2020 on Large-scale Social Restrictions in The Context of Accelerating the Handling of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
- Government Regulation No. 23 of 2020 on Implementation of The National Economic Recovery Program in Support of State Financial Policy for Handling the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and/ or Facing Threats That Endanger the National Economy and/ or Financial System Stability and Save The National Economy.
- Presidential Regulation of The Republic of Indonesia No. 14 of 2021 on Amandments to Presidential Regulation No. 99 of 2020 on The Procurement of Vaccines and Implementation of Vaccinations in The Context of Overcoming the Pandemic Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
- Presidential Decree No. 7 of 2020 on Task Force for The Acceleration of Handling Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
- Presidential Decree No. 11 of 2020 on Determination of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency.
- Presidential Decree No. 12 of 2020 on Determination of Non-Natural Disaster of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a National Disaster.
- Regulation of The Minister of Health No. 10 of 2021 on Vaccination in The Context of The Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.
- Regulation of The Minister of Health No. 1501/MENKES/PER/X/2010 date October, 12, 2010 on Certain Types of Infectious Disease That Can Cause Outbreaks and Effort to Control Them.
- Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 12757 of 2020 on Setting Targets for Corona Virus Disease 2019 9COVID-19) Vaccination.
- Decree of the Minister of health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 12758 of 2020 on Determination of Vaccines for the Implementation of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Disease, 28 December 2020.
- Books
- Adamson WL, Hegemony and Revolution, a study of Antonio Gramsci’s Political and Cultural Theory (3rd edn, University of California Press 1980).
- Alston P and Franz Magnis Suseno, Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia (Pusat Studi Hak Asasi Manusia Universitas Islam Indonesia 2008).
- Amir A, Bunga Rampai Hukum Kesehatan (Widya Medika 1997).
- Amelin F , Kapita Selekta Hukum Kedokteran (Grafikatama Jaya 1991).
- Baur M, G.W.F Hegel Key Concept (1st edn, Routledge Taylor and Franch Groups 2015).
- Effendi N, Dasar-Dasar Keperawatan Kesehatan Masyarakat (2nd edn, Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC 1997).
- Habermas J, The Theory of Communicative Action, Lifeworld and System: A Critique of Fungsionalist Reason (Beacon Press 1985).
- Manan B and Kuntana Magnar, Beberapa Masalah Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia (Alumni 1997).
- Martin H, Parvis Emad and Kenneth Maly, Hegel’s Phenomenology Spirit (1st edn Indiana University Press 1980).
- Suantra IN, Ilmu Negara (Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia 2017).
- Ishaq, Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Hukum (2nd edn, Sinar Grafika 2009).
- Marzuki Suparman, ‘The Perspectives of The Constitutional Court on Human Rights, An Analysisi of Three Descisions of The Contitutional Court: Number 065/ PUU-II/ 2004; Number 102/PUU-VII/ 2009 dan Number 140/ PUU-VII/ 2009’ [2013] Jurnal Komisi Yudisial.
- Notoatmojo S, Etika dan Hukum Kesehatan (Rineka Cipta 2010).
- Pippin RB and Hoffe O, Hegel on Ethics and Politic (Cambridge University Press 2004).
- Pogge T and John Rawls, His Life and Theory of Justice (Oxford University Press 2007).
- Rahardjo R, Hukum dan Masyarakat (Angkasa 1986).
- Santoso S, Epistomologi Kiri (Ar-Ruzz 2003).
- Warassih E, Pranata Hukum Sebuah Telaah Sosiologis (2nd edn, Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro 2011).
- Widodo J, Good Governance: Telaah Dari Dimensi Akuntabilitas dan Kontrol Birokrasi Pada Era Desentralisasi dan Otonomi Daerah (Insan Cendekia 2001).
- Wood AW, Hegel’s Ethical Thought (1st edn, Cambridge University Press 1990).
- Journal
- Cerilles MC and Fernan HGOM, ‘Analysing the Interplay between the Right to Health and Pharmaceutical Patent Rights in the Introduction of a COVID-19 Vaccine into the Philippines’ (2020) 14 International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 240.
- Grissom J, ‘An Analysis of the Temporary and Lasting Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on International Human Rights’ (2021) 24 Gonzaga Journal of International Law 178.
- Heriyanto DSN and Gui H, ‘Death Penalty Legislation in China and Indonesia Under International Human Rights Law Perspective’ (2016) 23 Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 576.
- Nurhayati S, ‘Social Inclusion For Persons With Disabilities Through Access To Employment In Indonesia’ (2020) 2 Prophetic Law Review 1.
- Richardson E and Devine C, ‘Emergencies End Eventually: How to Better Analyze Human Rights Restrictions Sparked by the Covid-19 Pandemic Under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights’ (2020) 42 Michigan Journal of International Law 105.
- Ryan M, ‘In Defence of Digital Contact-Tracing: Human Rights, South Korea and Covid-19’ (2020) 16 International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications 383.
- Websites
- Anwar Siswadi and Zacharias Wuragil, ‘Survei 20 Pasien Tenaga Medis di 4 Kota ini Tolak Vaksinasi Covid-19’ (Tempo, 8 June 2021) accessed 14 June 2021.
- COVID-19 Handling and National Economic Recovery Committee, ‘Data on the Distribution and Situation of the COVID-19 Virus in Indonesia’ (covid19.go.id) <https://covid19.go.id.> accessed 2 April 2021.
- Kebumen Regional Government, ‘Kebumen Tanggap COVID-19’ (Kebumenkab), accessed 2 April 2021.
- Martha Herlinawati, and Endang Sukarelawati, ‘Tenaga Kesehatan telah Mendapatkan Vaksin Covid-19’ (Antara News, 14 March 2021) <https://m.antaranews.com/berita/2005073/1149939-tenaga-kesehatan-telah-mendapatkan-vaksin-covid-19> accesed 14 juni 2021.
- Rizqy Amelia Zein, ‘27% Penduduk Indonesia Masih Ragu terhadap Vaksin Covid-19, Mengapa Penting Meyakinkan Mereka?’ (The Conversation, 15 January 2017) <https://theconversation.com/27-penduduk-indonesia-masih-ragu-terhadap-vaksin-covid-19-mengapa-penting-meyakinkan-mereka-150172> accessed 14 June 2021.
- Siti Nadia Tarmizi ‘People who Still Do Not Believe Covid-19 is Blocking the Vaccination Program’(Detik, 24 March 2021) accessed 17 April 2021; Fahrur Rozi, ‘Public Distrust of COVID-19 is 42.4%’ (Liputan 6, 22 Pebruary 2021) accessed 17 April 2021.
References
Indonesian Legislations
The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Law No. 4 of 1984 on Infectious Disease Outbreaks.
Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights.
Law No. 6 of 2018 on Health Quarantine.
Law No. 36 of 2014 on Healthcare Workers.
Law No. 36 of 2009 on Health.
Law No. 24 of 2007 on Disaster Management.
Government Regulation No. 40 of 1991 on Prevention on Communicable Disease Outbreaks.
Government Regulation No. 21 of 2020 on Large-scale Social Restrictions in The Context of Accelerating the Handling of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Government Regulation No. 23 of 2020 on Implementation of The National Economic Recovery Program in Support of State Financial Policy for Handling the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and/ or Facing Threats That Endanger the National Economy and/ or Financial System Stability and Save The National Economy.
Presidential Regulation of The Republic of Indonesia No. 14 of 2021 on Amandments to Presidential Regulation No. 99 of 2020 on The Procurement of Vaccines and Implementation of Vaccinations in The Context of Overcoming the Pandemic Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Presidential Decree No. 7 of 2020 on Task Force for The Acceleration of Handling Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Presidential Decree No. 11 of 2020 on Determination of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency.
Presidential Decree No. 12 of 2020 on Determination of Non-Natural Disaster of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a National Disaster.
Regulation of The Minister of Health No. 10 of 2021 on Vaccination in The Context of The Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.
Regulation of The Minister of Health No. 1501/MENKES/PER/X/2010 date October, 12, 2010 on Certain Types of Infectious Disease That Can Cause Outbreaks and Effort to Control Them.
Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 12757 of 2020 on Setting Targets for Corona Virus Disease 2019 9COVID-19) Vaccination.
Decree of the Minister of health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 12758 of 2020 on Determination of Vaccines for the Implementation of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Disease, 28 December 2020.
Books
Adamson WL, Hegemony and Revolution, a study of Antonio Gramsci’s Political and Cultural Theory (3rd edn, University of California Press 1980).
Alston P and Franz Magnis Suseno, Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia (Pusat Studi Hak Asasi Manusia Universitas Islam Indonesia 2008).
Amir A, Bunga Rampai Hukum Kesehatan (Widya Medika 1997).
Amelin F , Kapita Selekta Hukum Kedokteran (Grafikatama Jaya 1991).
Baur M, G.W.F Hegel Key Concept (1st edn, Routledge Taylor and Franch Groups 2015).
Effendi N, Dasar-Dasar Keperawatan Kesehatan Masyarakat (2nd edn, Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC 1997).
Habermas J, The Theory of Communicative Action, Lifeworld and System: A Critique of Fungsionalist Reason (Beacon Press 1985).
Manan B and Kuntana Magnar, Beberapa Masalah Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia (Alumni 1997).
Martin H, Parvis Emad and Kenneth Maly, Hegel’s Phenomenology Spirit (1st edn Indiana University Press 1980).
Suantra IN, Ilmu Negara (Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia 2017).
Ishaq, Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Hukum (2nd edn, Sinar Grafika 2009).
Marzuki Suparman, ‘The Perspectives of The Constitutional Court on Human Rights, An Analysisi of Three Descisions of The Contitutional Court: Number 065/ PUU-II/ 2004; Number 102/PUU-VII/ 2009 dan Number 140/ PUU-VII/ 2009’ [2013] Jurnal Komisi Yudisial.
Notoatmojo S, Etika dan Hukum Kesehatan (Rineka Cipta 2010).
Pippin RB and Hoffe O, Hegel on Ethics and Politic (Cambridge University Press 2004).
Pogge T and John Rawls, His Life and Theory of Justice (Oxford University Press 2007).
Rahardjo R, Hukum dan Masyarakat (Angkasa 1986).
Santoso S, Epistomologi Kiri (Ar-Ruzz 2003).
Warassih E, Pranata Hukum Sebuah Telaah Sosiologis (2nd edn, Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro 2011).
Widodo J, Good Governance: Telaah Dari Dimensi Akuntabilitas dan Kontrol Birokrasi Pada Era Desentralisasi dan Otonomi Daerah (Insan Cendekia 2001).
Wood AW, Hegel’s Ethical Thought (1st edn, Cambridge University Press 1990).
Journal
Cerilles MC and Fernan HGOM, ‘Analysing the Interplay between the Right to Health and Pharmaceutical Patent Rights in the Introduction of a COVID-19 Vaccine into the Philippines’ (2020) 14 International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 240.
Grissom J, ‘An Analysis of the Temporary and Lasting Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on International Human Rights’ (2021) 24 Gonzaga Journal of International Law 178.
Heriyanto DSN and Gui H, ‘Death Penalty Legislation in China and Indonesia Under International Human Rights Law Perspective’ (2016) 23 Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 576.
Nurhayati S, ‘Social Inclusion For Persons With Disabilities Through Access To Employment In Indonesia’ (2020) 2 Prophetic Law Review 1.
Richardson E and Devine C, ‘Emergencies End Eventually: How to Better Analyze Human Rights Restrictions Sparked by the Covid-19 Pandemic Under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights’ (2020) 42 Michigan Journal of International Law 105.
Ryan M, ‘In Defence of Digital Contact-Tracing: Human Rights, South Korea and Covid-19’ (2020) 16 International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications 383.
Websites
Anwar Siswadi and Zacharias Wuragil, ‘Survei 20 Pasien Tenaga Medis di 4 Kota ini Tolak Vaksinasi Covid-19’ (Tempo, 8 June 2021) accessed 14 June 2021.
COVID-19 Handling and National Economic Recovery Committee, ‘Data on the Distribution and Situation of the COVID-19 Virus in Indonesia’ (covid19.go.id) <https://covid19.go.id.> accessed 2 April 2021.
Kebumen Regional Government, ‘Kebumen Tanggap COVID-19’ (Kebumenkab), accessed 2 April 2021.
Martha Herlinawati, and Endang Sukarelawati, ‘Tenaga Kesehatan telah Mendapatkan Vaksin Covid-19’ (Antara News, 14 March 2021) <https://m.antaranews.com/berita/2005073/1149939-tenaga-kesehatan-telah-mendapatkan-vaksin-covid-19> accesed 14 juni 2021.
Rizqy Amelia Zein, ‘27% Penduduk Indonesia Masih Ragu terhadap Vaksin Covid-19, Mengapa Penting Meyakinkan Mereka?’ (The Conversation, 15 January 2017) <https://theconversation.com/27-penduduk-indonesia-masih-ragu-terhadap-vaksin-covid-19-mengapa-penting-meyakinkan-mereka-150172> accessed 14 June 2021.
Siti Nadia Tarmizi ‘People who Still Do Not Believe Covid-19 is Blocking the Vaccination Program’(Detik, 24 March 2021) accessed 17 April 2021; Fahrur Rozi, ‘Public Distrust of COVID-19 is 42.4%’ (Liputan 6, 22 Pebruary 2021) accessed 17 April 2021.