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Abstract
Prophetic Jurisprudence is a legal discipline based on the epistemological foundation of Islamic teachings derived from the Quran and Hadith. The framework of prophetic jurisprudence is built upon three prophetic ethical principles: humanization (‘amar ma’ruf), liberation (nahi munkar), and transcendence (tu’minuna billah). One relevant approach for reflecting prophetic Jurisprudence is the paradigm of science proposed by Thomas Kuhn. Kuhn argues that science revolves around five key terms or concepts: paradigm, scientific revolution, pre-paradigmatic stage, normal science, and anomaly. The research questions in this study are as follows: (1) How can prophetic jurisprudence be accepted as normal science when based on Thomas Kuhn's paradigm of science? and (2) How can prophetic jurisprudence be applied to Indonesian society based on the thinking of Thomas Kuhn? This normative legal research reveals that the process of prophetic jurisprudence becoming normal science is still faced with the challenge of positioning prophetic jurisprudence as a product that needs to be systematic, logical, and open. Prophetic jurisprudence still requires tools, resources, and methods to address legal issues in the empirical world. The paradigm of prophetic jurisprudence has provided tangible examples of scientific practices through thought and research within the tradition of scientific inquiry that underlies scientific practices during a specific period. Prophetic jurisprudence is confronted with Indonesian society, which is positivist, pluralistic, and liberal and requires fast, decisive, and concrete legal solutions accompanied by sanctions.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Bill Nope
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References
Al-Zamli, Ahmed, dan Shroog Al-Qahtani. “The Prophetic Method in Building Human Individual Responsibility in Islam as a Model.” International Journal for Scientific Research 3, no. 5 (26 Mei 2024): 341–74. https://doi.org/10.59992/IJSR.2024.v3n5p13.
Bardi, Alberto. “The Archimedean Revolution of Nicolaus Copernicus.” Transversal: International Journal for the Historiography of Science, no. 14 (30 Juni 2023). https://doi.org/10.24117/2526-2270.2022.i14.09.
Bourdeau, Michel, Mary Pickering, dan Warren Schmaus, ed. Love, Order, and Progress: The Science, Philosophy, and Politics of Auguste Comte. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11wk0b.
Butt, Simon. “Constitutional Recognition of ‘Beliefs’ in Indonesia.” Journal of Law and Religion 35, no. 3 (Desember 2020): 450–73. https://doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2020.39.
Cantor, Lea. “Thales – the ‘First Philosopher’? A Troubled Chapter in the Historiography of Philosophy.” British Journal for the History of Philosophy 30, no. 5 (3 September 2022): 727–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/09608788.2022.2029347.
Carelli, Paul. “Teaching Ancient Greek Philosophy as a Non-Western Tradition.” Asia Network Exchange A Journal for Asian Studies in the Liberal Arts 23, no. 2 (19 Juli 2016): 150–63. https://doi.org/10.16995/ane.150.
Clauzade, Laurent. “Auguste Comte and Spiritualism.” British Journal for the History of Philosophy 28, no. 5 (2 September 2020): 944–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/09608788.2020.1805721.
Dimyati, Khudzaifah. Pemikiran Hukum: Konstruksi Epistemologis Berbasis Budaya Hukum Indonesia. 1 ed. Yogyakarta: Genta Publishing, 2014.
Dwi Indriati, Ervina, Sary Ana, dan Nunung Nugroho. “Philosophy Of Law And The Development Of Law As A Normative Legal Science.” International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (20 Februari 2022): 425–32. https://doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v3i1.293.
Erfa Redhani, Muhammad. “Science and Prophetic Law: Karl Popper’s Falsification Principle and Three Worlds of Science.” Prophetic Law Review 6, no. 1 (1 Juni 2024): 98–119. https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol6.iss1.art5.
Erwin, Muhamad. Filsafat Hukum: Refleksi Kritis terhadap Hukum. 1 ed. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2012.
Finocchiaro, Maurice A. “Setting Aside All Authority: Giovanni Battista Riccioli and the Science against Copernicus in the Age of Galileo by Christopher M. Graney.” The Catholic Historical Review 102, no. 3 (2016): 620–23. https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2016.0172.
Freely, John. “The Flame of Miletus: The Birth of Science in Ancient Greece (and How It Changed the World).” Choice Reviews Online 50, no. 10 (1 Juni 2013): 50-5565-50–5565. https://doi.org/10.5860/CHOICE.50-5565.
Gie, The Liang. Pengantar Filsafat Ilmu. 2 ed. Yogyakarta: Liberty Yogyakarta, 2010.
Gizbert-Studnicki, Tomasz. “The Most Important Problems of Legal Philosophy and the Nature of Law.” Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu 69, no. 4 (20 Desember 2021): 773–82. https://doi.org/10.51204/Anali_PFBU_21403A.
Gumanti, Retna. “Reconceptualizing Consumer Contracts in the Philosophical Perspective Of Pancasila.” Prophetic Law Review 1, no. 1 (1 Desember 2019). https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol1.iss1.art3.
Hendar, Jejen. “Maqashid Sharia as the Basis for Decision Making of Corporate Social Responsibility Based on a Prophetic Legal Paradigm.” Prophetic Law Review 5, no. 1 (1 Juni 2023): 104–25. https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol5.iss1.art6.
Isaev, E. E. “The Value of Procedural Policy: Axiological and General Legal Aspects.” Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 166, no. 3 (17 September 2024): 30–39. https://doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2024.3.30-39.
Khoirin, Nur, dan Mahfudz Junaedi. “Religious Inconsistency on Corruption Behaviour Among Muslim Politicians in Indonesia.” HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 78, no. 4 (6 Juni 2022). https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i1.7361.
Kolb, Brendan, dan Andrew Chignell. “Modern European Thought: 1600–1800.” Dalam The Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Religion, disunting oleh Charles Taliaferro dan Stewart Goetz, 1 ed., 1–23. Wiley, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119009924.eopr0247.
Kuntowijoyo. Islam Sebagai Ilmu: Epistemologi, Metodologi, dan Etika. 1 ed. Jakarta : Ujung Berung, Bandung: Teraju, 2004.
Lebedev, Andrei. “Early Greek Philosophers.” The Classical Review 71, no. 1 (April 2021): 54–56. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009840X21000275.
Letseka, Matsephe M. “Did Philosophy Originate in Greece? An Africanist Response.” Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 1 November 2014. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p1302.
Manik, Kresna Ningsih, Irene Ardyani Nababan, Yong Heng Sai, Siti Aisha Ginting, dan Winda Sari. “Study of Ontological, Epistemological and Axiological Principles in Final Academic Assignments for Dissertation Scientific Papers: Philosophical Values in Scientific Writing.” International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 5, no. 1 (25 Januari 2024): 330–38. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.01.29.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. 1 ed. Jakarta: Kencana, 2005.
Mochtar, Zainal Arifin, dan Eddy O.S Hiariej. Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Hukum: Memahami Kaidah, Teori, Asas dan Filsafat Hukum. Disunting oleh Yayat Sri Hayati. Depok: Rajawali Pers, 2024.
Musataklima, Adi Sulistiyono, dan M. Syamsudin. “A Prophetic Law Basis for Strengthening the Values of Indonesian Consumer Protection Law Culture.” Prophetic Law Review 6, no. 1 (1 Juni 2024): 47–70. https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol6.iss1.art3.
Pont, Graham. “Philosophy and Science of Music in Ancient Greece: The Predecessors of Pythagoras and Their Contribution.” Nexus Network Journal 6, no. 1 (April 2004): 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00004-004-0003-x.
Prasetyo, Teguh, dan Abdul Halim Barkatullah. Filsafat, Teori, dan Ilmu Hukum: Pemikiran Menuju Masyarakat yang Berkeadilan dan Bermartabat. 1 ed. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2014.
Rahmawati, Zuli Dwi, Asadori Asadori, Abd. Haris, dan Rosichin Mansur. “Greek Philosophy: The Classic View of Education.” Edu-Religia: Jurnal Keagamaan dan Pembelajarannya 6, no. 2 (5 Januari 2024): 137–47. https://doi.org/10.52166/edu-religia.v6i2.5375.
Santoso, Lukman. “Towards Religiosity-Based Legal Science: Critical-Constructive Prophetic Law on Positivism Paradigm.” Prophetic Law Review 2, no. 2 (1 Desember 2020): 221–42. https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol2.iss2.art6.
Sari, Novita, dan Taat Wulandari. “Grounding the Teachings of Kuntowijoyo as a Prophetic Social Science as an Effort to Counteract Radicalism in Indonesia.” Dalam Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social Science and Character Educations (ICoSSCE 2019). Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Atlantis Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200130.046.
Shidarta. “Hukum Profetik: Antara Humanisasi, Liberasi, dan Transendensi.” Business Law, 2 Mei 2019. https://business-law.binus.ac.id/2019/05/02/antara_humanisasi_liberasi_transendensi/.
Sidharta, Bernard Arief. Refleksi tentang Struktur Ilmu Hukum. 3 ed. Bandung: Mandar Maju, 2009.
Sternberg, Robert J. “What Is Wisdom? Sketch of a TOP (Tree of Philosophy) Theory.” Review of General Psychology 28, no. 1 (Maret 2024): 47–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/10892680231215433.
Suratman, dan Philips Dillah. Metode Penelitian Hukum: Dilengkapi Tata Cara & Contoh Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Bidang Hukum. Malang: Alfabeta, 2014.
Syamsudin, M. “Berhukum Profetik di Tengah Kalatidha.” Dipresentasikan pada Pidato Pengukuhan Guru Besar, Yogyakarta, Universitas Islam Indonesia, 24 November 2022. https://www.uii.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/M.Syamsudin_Pidato-Pengukuhan.
———. Ilmu Hukum Profetik: Gagasan Awal, Landasan Kefilsafatan, dan Kemungkinan Pengembangannya di Era Postmodern. 1 ed. Yogyakarta: Pusat Studi Hukum (PSH) FH UII kerja sama dengan FH UII Press, 2013.
Wardiono, Kelik. “Prophetic: an Epistemological Offer for Legal Studies.” Journal of Transcendental Law 1, no. 1 (20 September 2019): 17–41. https://doi.org/10.23917/jtl.v1i1.8797.
Zubaedi. Filsafat Barat: dari Logika Baru Rene Descartes Hingga Revolusi Sains ala Thomas Kuhn. Disunting oleh Ilyya Muhsin. 1 ed. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media, 2007.
Zuliyah, Siti, Fithriatus Shalihah, Suryadi Suryadi, Megawati Megawati, Uni Tsulasi Putri, dan Rahmat Muhajir Nugroho. “The Philosophical Thought of the Prophetic Law in the Indonesian Legal System.” Wisdom 26, no. 2 (25 Juni 2023): 242–54. https://doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.1002.
References
Al-Zamli, Ahmed, dan Shroog Al-Qahtani. “The Prophetic Method in Building Human Individual Responsibility in Islam as a Model.” International Journal for Scientific Research 3, no. 5 (26 Mei 2024): 341–74. https://doi.org/10.59992/IJSR.2024.v3n5p13.
Bardi, Alberto. “The Archimedean Revolution of Nicolaus Copernicus.” Transversal: International Journal for the Historiography of Science, no. 14 (30 Juni 2023). https://doi.org/10.24117/2526-2270.2022.i14.09.
Bourdeau, Michel, Mary Pickering, dan Warren Schmaus, ed. Love, Order, and Progress: The Science, Philosophy, and Politics of Auguste Comte. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11wk0b.
Butt, Simon. “Constitutional Recognition of ‘Beliefs’ in Indonesia.” Journal of Law and Religion 35, no. 3 (Desember 2020): 450–73. https://doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2020.39.
Cantor, Lea. “Thales – the ‘First Philosopher’? A Troubled Chapter in the Historiography of Philosophy.” British Journal for the History of Philosophy 30, no. 5 (3 September 2022): 727–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/09608788.2022.2029347.
Carelli, Paul. “Teaching Ancient Greek Philosophy as a Non-Western Tradition.” Asia Network Exchange A Journal for Asian Studies in the Liberal Arts 23, no. 2 (19 Juli 2016): 150–63. https://doi.org/10.16995/ane.150.
Clauzade, Laurent. “Auguste Comte and Spiritualism.” British Journal for the History of Philosophy 28, no. 5 (2 September 2020): 944–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/09608788.2020.1805721.
Dimyati, Khudzaifah. Pemikiran Hukum: Konstruksi Epistemologis Berbasis Budaya Hukum Indonesia. 1 ed. Yogyakarta: Genta Publishing, 2014.
Dwi Indriati, Ervina, Sary Ana, dan Nunung Nugroho. “Philosophy Of Law And The Development Of Law As A Normative Legal Science.” International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (20 Februari 2022): 425–32. https://doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v3i1.293.
Erfa Redhani, Muhammad. “Science and Prophetic Law: Karl Popper’s Falsification Principle and Three Worlds of Science.” Prophetic Law Review 6, no. 1 (1 Juni 2024): 98–119. https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol6.iss1.art5.
Erwin, Muhamad. Filsafat Hukum: Refleksi Kritis terhadap Hukum. 1 ed. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2012.
Finocchiaro, Maurice A. “Setting Aside All Authority: Giovanni Battista Riccioli and the Science against Copernicus in the Age of Galileo by Christopher M. Graney.” The Catholic Historical Review 102, no. 3 (2016): 620–23. https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2016.0172.
Freely, John. “The Flame of Miletus: The Birth of Science in Ancient Greece (and How It Changed the World).” Choice Reviews Online 50, no. 10 (1 Juni 2013): 50-5565-50–5565. https://doi.org/10.5860/CHOICE.50-5565.
Gie, The Liang. Pengantar Filsafat Ilmu. 2 ed. Yogyakarta: Liberty Yogyakarta, 2010.
Gizbert-Studnicki, Tomasz. “The Most Important Problems of Legal Philosophy and the Nature of Law.” Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu 69, no. 4 (20 Desember 2021): 773–82. https://doi.org/10.51204/Anali_PFBU_21403A.
Gumanti, Retna. “Reconceptualizing Consumer Contracts in the Philosophical Perspective Of Pancasila.” Prophetic Law Review 1, no. 1 (1 Desember 2019). https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol1.iss1.art3.
Hendar, Jejen. “Maqashid Sharia as the Basis for Decision Making of Corporate Social Responsibility Based on a Prophetic Legal Paradigm.” Prophetic Law Review 5, no. 1 (1 Juni 2023): 104–25. https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol5.iss1.art6.
Isaev, E. E. “The Value of Procedural Policy: Axiological and General Legal Aspects.” Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 166, no. 3 (17 September 2024): 30–39. https://doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2024.3.30-39.
Khoirin, Nur, dan Mahfudz Junaedi. “Religious Inconsistency on Corruption Behaviour Among Muslim Politicians in Indonesia.” HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 78, no. 4 (6 Juni 2022). https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i1.7361.
Kolb, Brendan, dan Andrew Chignell. “Modern European Thought: 1600–1800.” Dalam The Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Religion, disunting oleh Charles Taliaferro dan Stewart Goetz, 1 ed., 1–23. Wiley, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119009924.eopr0247.
Kuntowijoyo. Islam Sebagai Ilmu: Epistemologi, Metodologi, dan Etika. 1 ed. Jakarta : Ujung Berung, Bandung: Teraju, 2004.
Lebedev, Andrei. “Early Greek Philosophers.” The Classical Review 71, no. 1 (April 2021): 54–56. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009840X21000275.
Letseka, Matsephe M. “Did Philosophy Originate in Greece? An Africanist Response.” Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 1 November 2014. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p1302.
Manik, Kresna Ningsih, Irene Ardyani Nababan, Yong Heng Sai, Siti Aisha Ginting, dan Winda Sari. “Study of Ontological, Epistemological and Axiological Principles in Final Academic Assignments for Dissertation Scientific Papers: Philosophical Values in Scientific Writing.” International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 5, no. 1 (25 Januari 2024): 330–38. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.01.29.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. 1 ed. Jakarta: Kencana, 2005.
Mochtar, Zainal Arifin, dan Eddy O.S Hiariej. Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Hukum: Memahami Kaidah, Teori, Asas dan Filsafat Hukum. Disunting oleh Yayat Sri Hayati. Depok: Rajawali Pers, 2024.
Musataklima, Adi Sulistiyono, dan M. Syamsudin. “A Prophetic Law Basis for Strengthening the Values of Indonesian Consumer Protection Law Culture.” Prophetic Law Review 6, no. 1 (1 Juni 2024): 47–70. https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol6.iss1.art3.
Pont, Graham. “Philosophy and Science of Music in Ancient Greece: The Predecessors of Pythagoras and Their Contribution.” Nexus Network Journal 6, no. 1 (April 2004): 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00004-004-0003-x.
Prasetyo, Teguh, dan Abdul Halim Barkatullah. Filsafat, Teori, dan Ilmu Hukum: Pemikiran Menuju Masyarakat yang Berkeadilan dan Bermartabat. 1 ed. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2014.
Rahmawati, Zuli Dwi, Asadori Asadori, Abd. Haris, dan Rosichin Mansur. “Greek Philosophy: The Classic View of Education.” Edu-Religia: Jurnal Keagamaan dan Pembelajarannya 6, no. 2 (5 Januari 2024): 137–47. https://doi.org/10.52166/edu-religia.v6i2.5375.
Santoso, Lukman. “Towards Religiosity-Based Legal Science: Critical-Constructive Prophetic Law on Positivism Paradigm.” Prophetic Law Review 2, no. 2 (1 Desember 2020): 221–42. https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol2.iss2.art6.
Sari, Novita, dan Taat Wulandari. “Grounding the Teachings of Kuntowijoyo as a Prophetic Social Science as an Effort to Counteract Radicalism in Indonesia.” Dalam Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social Science and Character Educations (ICoSSCE 2019). Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Atlantis Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200130.046.
Shidarta. “Hukum Profetik: Antara Humanisasi, Liberasi, dan Transendensi.” Business Law, 2 Mei 2019. https://business-law.binus.ac.id/2019/05/02/antara_humanisasi_liberasi_transendensi/.
Sidharta, Bernard Arief. Refleksi tentang Struktur Ilmu Hukum. 3 ed. Bandung: Mandar Maju, 2009.
Sternberg, Robert J. “What Is Wisdom? Sketch of a TOP (Tree of Philosophy) Theory.” Review of General Psychology 28, no. 1 (Maret 2024): 47–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/10892680231215433.
Suratman, dan Philips Dillah. Metode Penelitian Hukum: Dilengkapi Tata Cara & Contoh Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Bidang Hukum. Malang: Alfabeta, 2014.
Syamsudin, M. “Berhukum Profetik di Tengah Kalatidha.” Dipresentasikan pada Pidato Pengukuhan Guru Besar, Yogyakarta, Universitas Islam Indonesia, 24 November 2022. https://www.uii.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/M.Syamsudin_Pidato-Pengukuhan.
———. Ilmu Hukum Profetik: Gagasan Awal, Landasan Kefilsafatan, dan Kemungkinan Pengembangannya di Era Postmodern. 1 ed. Yogyakarta: Pusat Studi Hukum (PSH) FH UII kerja sama dengan FH UII Press, 2013.
Wardiono, Kelik. “Prophetic: an Epistemological Offer for Legal Studies.” Journal of Transcendental Law 1, no. 1 (20 September 2019): 17–41. https://doi.org/10.23917/jtl.v1i1.8797.
Zubaedi. Filsafat Barat: dari Logika Baru Rene Descartes Hingga Revolusi Sains ala Thomas Kuhn. Disunting oleh Ilyya Muhsin. 1 ed. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media, 2007.
Zuliyah, Siti, Fithriatus Shalihah, Suryadi Suryadi, Megawati Megawati, Uni Tsulasi Putri, dan Rahmat Muhajir Nugroho. “The Philosophical Thought of the Prophetic Law in the Indonesian Legal System.” Wisdom 26, no. 2 (25 Juni 2023): 242–54. https://doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.1002.