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September 3, 2021
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September 27, 2022
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September 28, 2022
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Abstract

Artikel ini mendiskusikan pemikiran tokoh Muslim kontemporer yang menuai pro-kontra terhadap konstruksi metodologi hukum Islam yaitu Muhammad Shahrur. Ia digolongkan oleh sarjana Muslim ke dalam kelompok pembaharu dengan spirit liberalism keagamaan yang cenderung mendobrak tradisi keilmuan klasik. Menurutnya, pemikiran Islam secara umum memiliki beberapa problem akademik yang serius, baik secara metodologis, historis maupun substansi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, Shahrur membangun sejumlah prinsip penafsiran dan konstruksi fiqh baru. Di antara prinsip tersebut, Shahrur menawarkan nalar berfikir dalam memahami kedudukan Al-Qur’an. Salah satu kontribusi penting Shahrur dalam konteks pembacaan teks keagamaan adalah konsep batas (theory of limits). Menurutnya, Al-Qur’an selalu menyebutkan bahwa syariat hanya menentukan batas-batas tertentu, karena sifat dari Al-Qur’an adalah universal bagi setiap generasi. Oleh karena itu, proses ijtihad menjadi sikap gerak dalam menafsirkan Al-Qur’an sesuai dengan realitas kondisi zaman. Dalam artikel ini juga dibahas mengenai aplikasi dan kontekstualisasi teori Shahrur terhadap persoalan hukum Islam yaitu poligami, jilbab, dan milk al-yamin. Dalam merespons persoalan tersebut, Shahrur menekankan pembacaan yang komprehensif dengan mengupas relasi antar ayat baik secara kebahasaan dan analisis mendalam dengan terhadap struktur ayat, maupun membaca realitas kontemporer serta menekankan pola “pembacaan kedua” untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih segar dan kontekstual.


This article discusses the thoughts of contemporary Muslim figures who reap the pros and cons of the construction of Islamic law methodology, namely Muhammad Shahrur. He is classified by Muslim scholars into a group of reformers with the spirit of religious liberalism which tends to break the classical scientific tradition. According to him, Islamic thought, in general, has several serious academic problems, both methodologically, historically, and substantively. Based on this, Shahrur developed a number of principles of interpretation and construction of new fiqh. Among these principles, Shahrur constructs reason in understanding the position of the Qur'an. One of Shahrur's important contributions in the context of reading religious texts is the concept of limits (theory of limits). According to him, the Qur'an always mentions that the Shari'a only determines certain limits, because the nature of the Qur'an is universal for every generation. Therefore, the process of ijtihad becomes an attitude of movement in interpreting the Qur'an in accordance with the reality of the conditions of the times. This article also discusses the application and contextualization of Shahrur's theory to issues of Islamic law, namely polygamy, hijab, and milk al-yamin. In responding to this problem, Shahrur emphasized a comprehensive reading by exploring the relationship between verses both linguistically and in-depth analysis with the structure of the verse, as well as reading the contemporary reality.

Keywords

Shahrur Metodologi Hukum Islam Teori Batas

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Author Biography

Muhammad Iqbal Juliansyahzen, Fakultas Syariah UIN Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto

Faculty of Sharia
How to Cite
Juliansyahzen, M. I. (2022). REKONSTRUKSI NALAR HUKUM ISLAM KONTEMPORER MUHAMMAD SHAHRUR DAN KONTEKSTUALISASINYA. Al-Mawarid Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum (JSYH), 4(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.20885/mawarid.vol4.iss1.art4
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