Article Sidebar

Submitted
September 3, 2021
Accepted
September 27, 2022
Published
September 28, 2022
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 515 Download : 420

Main Article Content

Abstract

Artikel ini mendiskusikan pemikiran tokoh Muslim kontemporer yang menuai pro-kontra terhadap konstruksi metodologi hukum Islam yaitu Muhammad Shahrur. Ia digolongkan oleh sarjana Muslim ke dalam kelompok pembaharu dengan spirit liberalism keagamaan yang cenderung mendobrak tradisi keilmuan klasik. Menurutnya, pemikiran Islam secara umum memiliki beberapa problem akademik yang serius, baik secara metodologis, historis maupun substansi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, Shahrur membangun sejumlah prinsip penafsiran dan konstruksi fiqh baru. Di antara prinsip tersebut, Shahrur menawarkan nalar berfikir dalam memahami kedudukan Al-Qur’an. Salah satu kontribusi penting Shahrur dalam konteks pembacaan teks keagamaan adalah konsep batas (theory of limits). Menurutnya, Al-Qur’an selalu menyebutkan bahwa syariat hanya menentukan batas-batas tertentu, karena sifat dari Al-Qur’an adalah universal bagi setiap generasi. Oleh karena itu, proses ijtihad menjadi sikap gerak dalam menafsirkan Al-Qur’an sesuai dengan realitas kondisi zaman. Dalam artikel ini juga dibahas mengenai aplikasi dan kontekstualisasi teori Shahrur terhadap persoalan hukum Islam yaitu poligami, jilbab, dan milk al-yamin. Dalam merespons persoalan tersebut, Shahrur menekankan pembacaan yang komprehensif dengan mengupas relasi antar ayat baik secara kebahasaan dan analisis mendalam dengan terhadap struktur ayat, maupun membaca realitas kontemporer serta menekankan pola “pembacaan kedua” untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih segar dan kontekstual.


This article discusses the thoughts of contemporary Muslim figures who reap the pros and cons of the construction of Islamic law methodology, namely Muhammad Shahrur. He is classified by Muslim scholars into a group of reformers with the spirit of religious liberalism which tends to break the classical scientific tradition. According to him, Islamic thought, in general, has several serious academic problems, both methodologically, historically, and substantively. Based on this, Shahrur developed a number of principles of interpretation and construction of new fiqh. Among these principles, Shahrur constructs reason in understanding the position of the Qur'an. One of Shahrur's important contributions in the context of reading religious texts is the concept of limits (theory of limits). According to him, the Qur'an always mentions that the Shari'a only determines certain limits, because the nature of the Qur'an is universal for every generation. Therefore, the process of ijtihad becomes an attitude of movement in interpreting the Qur'an in accordance with the reality of the conditions of the times. This article also discusses the application and contextualization of Shahrur's theory to issues of Islamic law, namely polygamy, hijab, and milk al-yamin. In responding to this problem, Shahrur emphasized a comprehensive reading by exploring the relationship between verses both linguistically and in-depth analysis with the structure of the verse, as well as reading the contemporary reality.

Keywords

Shahrur Metodologi Hukum Islam Teori Batas

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author Biography

Muhammad Iqbal Juliansyahzen, Fakultas Syariah UIN Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto

Faculty of Sharia
How to Cite
Juliansyahzen, M. I. (2022). REKONSTRUKSI NALAR HUKUM ISLAM KONTEMPORER MUHAMMAD SHAHRUR DAN KONTEKSTUALISASINYA. Al-Mawarid Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum (JSYH), 4(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.20885/mawarid.vol4.iss1.art4
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Abdul Aziz. (2019). Konsep Milk Al-Yamīn Muḥammad Syaḥrūr Sebagai Keabsahan Hubungan Seksual Non Marital. Program Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Kalijaga.
  2. Al-Abza, M. T. (2012). Kritik Muhammad Shahrur terhadap Asbab al-Nuzul dalam Penafsiran al-Qur’an. Journal of Qur’an and Hadith Studies, 1(1), 41–64. https://doi.org/10.15408/quhas.v1i1.1320
  3. Andrean Christman. (2009). The Quran, Morality and Critical Reason, The Essential Muhammad Shahrur. Brill.
  4. Aravik, H., Choiriyah, C., & Saprida, S. (2018). Critical Study on Legal Thinking of Muhammad Shahrur. AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 18(1), Article 1. http://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/ahkam/article/view/9019
  5. Asriaty. (2014). Menyoal Pemikiran Hukum Islam Muhammad Shahrur. Istinbāth, Jurnal Hukum Islam, 13(2).
  6. Asriaty. (2015). Penataan dan Pandangan Hukum Islam Muhammad Shahrur. Mazahib, Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam, 14(1). https://journal.iain-samarinda.ac.id/index.php/mazahib/article/view/334
  7. Bahruddin, A. (2018). Kajian al-Kitab wa al-Qur’an Qira’ah Mu`asirah Karya Muhammad Shahrur. Al-Thiqah : Jurnal Ilmu Keislaman, 1(02), 35–53.
  8. Baktiari, B., Norton, A. R., al-Banna, G., Shahrur, M., El-Sherif, A. N., Kadivar, M., & Boujnourdi, M. (2005). Voices within Islam: Four Perspectives on Tolerance and Diversity. Current History, 104(678), 37–45.
  9. Browers, M. L. (2004). Shahrur’s Reformation: Toward a Democratic, Pluralist and Islamic Public Sphere. Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques, 30(3), 445–467.
  10. Christmann, A. (2010). Bentuk Teks (Wahyu) Tetap, Tetapi Kandungannya (Selalu) Berubah; Tekstualitas dan Penafsirannya dalam al-Kitab wa al-Quran. Dalam S. Syamsuddin (Penerj.), Metodologi Fiqih Islam Kontemporer. eLSAQ Press.
  11. Dozan, W., & Turmudzi, M. (2019). Konsep Hermeneutika Sebagai Metodologi Interpretasi Teks Al-Quran. MAGHZA: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 4(2), 205–219. https://doi.org/10.24090/maghza.v4i2.3470
  12. Eickelman, D. F. (2000). Islam and the Languages of Modernity. Daedalus, 129(1), 119–135.
  13. Elmessiri, A. (2006). The Gate of Ijtihad: An Introduction to the Study of Epistemological Bias. Dalam A. Elmessiri (Ed.), Epistemological Bias in the Physical and Social Sciences (hlm. 1–76). International Institute of Islamic Thought. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvkc66t1.6
  14. Fauzi, A. (2019). Problema Qirâ’ât dalam Al-Qur’an Perspekstif Muḥammad Shaḥrûr. Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis, 20(1), 81–104. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.2019.2001-05
  15. Hadi, M. N. (2019). Muhammad Syahrur dan Konsep Milkul Yamin: Kritik Penafsiran Perspektif Ushul Fiqh. YUDISIA : Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum dan Hukum Islam, 10(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.21043/yudisia.v10i1.5057
  16. Hallaq, W. B. (1984). Was the Gate of Ijtihad Closed? International Journal of Middle East Studies, 16(1), 3–41.
  17. Hallaq, W. B. (1986). On the Origins of the Controversy about the Existence of Mujtahids and the Gate of Ijtihad. Studia Islamica, 63, 129–141. https://doi.org/10.2307/1595569
  18. Hallaq, W. B. (1997). A History of Islamic Legal Theories an Introduction to Sunni Ushul Al Fiqh. Cambridge University Press.
  19. Hasballah, K. (2020). The Milk Al-Yamin Concept as a Validity of Sexual Relationship in a Modern Context: An Analysis of Muhammad Syahrur’s Thoughts. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 4(2), 337–359. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v4i2.7068
  20. Izad, R. (2019). Pemikiran Hermeneutika Muhammad Syahrur tentang Konsep Kesetaraan Gender dalam Islam. Dialogia: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Sosial, 16(2), 156–174. https://doi.org/10.21154/dialogia.v16i2.1501
  21. Jabiri, M. A. al-. (1991). Takwīn al-’Aql al-’Arabiy. Al-markaz Ats Tsaqafiy Al-’Arabiy.
  22. Jabiri, M. A. al-. (2009). Bunyah al-‘Aql al-‘Arabī: Dirāsah Tahlīliyah Naqdiyyah li Nuzhum al-Ma’rifah fī Tsaqāfah al-‘Arabiyyah. Markaz Dirāsāt al-Wahidah al-‘Arabiyyah.
  23. Johnston, D. (2004). A Turn in the Epistemology and Hermeneutics of Twentieth Century Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Islamic Law and Society, 11(2), 233–282.
  24. Juliansyahzen, M. I. (2019). Rekonstruksi Nalar Arab Kontemporer Muhammad ‘Abed Al-Jabiri. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Law, 1(2), 16–38.
  25. Mustaqim, A. (2011). Pemikiran Fikih Kontemporer Muhammad Syahrur tentang Poligami dan Jilbab. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 5(1), 67–80. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v5i1.647
  26. Najitama, F. (2014). Teori Limit Muhammad Syahrur; Konsep Baru Metode Istinbath Hukum Kontemporer. Jurnal Istinbath,Jurnal Hukum, 11(1).
  27. Nursyamsudin. (2016). Metodologi Hukum Muhammad Shahrur: Tafsir Hadd Pencurian dalam QS. Al-Maidah (5): 38. Mahkamah, Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 1(2).
  28. Rangkuti, S. S. (2018). Dekonstruksi Epistemologi Muhammad Shahrur. Al-Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Islam, 3(2), 133. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v3i2.545
  29. Ridwan, A. H. (2016). Implikasi Hermeneutika dalam Reinterpretasi Teks-teks Hukum Islam. AL-’ADALAH, 13(1), 93–116. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v13i1.1132
  30. Sahrin, A. (2019). Metode Hermeneutika Alquran: Analisis Teori Batas Menurut Muhammad Shahrur. Ibn Abbas : Jurnal Ilmu Alquran dan Tafsir, 1(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.9876/jia.v1i2.4037
  31. Sauri, S. (2020). Konsep Al-Milk Al-Yamin: Sebuah Kajian Hadis Tentang Kedudukan Milk Al-Yamin Dalam Islam. Conference on Islamic Studies FAI 2019, 0, 109–120. https://doi.org/10.30659/cois.v0i0.8042
  32. Shahrur, M. (2000a). al-Kitāb wa al-Quran: Qirā’ah Mu’āșirah. Syarikah al-Mathbū’at li-Tawzī’ wa an-Nasyr.
  33. Shahrur, M. (2000b). Naḥwa Ușūl Jadīdah lil-Fiqh al-Islāmī, Fiqh al-Mar’ah. al-Ahālī.
  34. Syamsuddin, S. (2010). Pengantar Penerjemah/Editor. Dalam Metodologi Fiqih Islam Kontemporer. eLSAQ Press.
  35. Ulfiyati, N. S. (2018). Pemikiran Muhammad Syahrur (pembacaan Syahrur Terhadap Teks-Teks Keagamaan). Et-Tijarie: Jurnal Hukum Dan Bisnis Syariah, 5(1), Article 1. https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/ettijarie/article/view/4597
  36. Witro, D. (2021). Muhammad Syahrur dan Teori Limitasi: Sebuah Metode Penggalian Hukum Islam. Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum, 18(1), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.32332/istinbath.v18i1.2926
  37. Yusroh, Y., & Rahman, M. Z. A. (2018). Mapping Contemporary Islamic Jurisprudence of Muḥammad Saʻīd al-‘Ashmāwī and Muḥammad Shaḥrūr. IJISH (International Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities), 1(1), 32–46. https://doi.org/10.26555/ijish.v1i1.132