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Abstract
Batasan usia perkawinan di Indonesia diatur oleh Undang-Undang dengan menyebut batas usia yang pasti, tetapi dalam Islam tidak ada menyebutkan terkait yang pasti mengenai batas usia perkawinan. Perbedaan pandangan antara hukum Islam dan positif menimbulkan keraguan terkait perkawinan anak khususnya pada kasus pasangan muda yang hamil diluar kawin. Dispensasi kawin menjadi alternatif bagi mereka yang tidak sesuai usia minimal untuk kawin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis prosedur dispensasi kawin untuk yang kawin di bawah usia yang diperbolehkan dan akibat hukum akibat penetapan hakim menurut hukum perdata dan hukum Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian jenis yuridis normative, bersifat analitis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kasus (case approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach). Data sekunder, yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang relevan dengan masalah ini kemudian analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa prosedur pengajuan dispensasi kawin melibatkan persyaratan administrasi dan tahapan pengajuan yang harus dilaksanakan. Kemudian, akibat hukum dari Hakim mengabulkan dan menolak dispensasi kawin meliputi akibat secara perdata dan hukum Islam. Dimana secara perdata adanya penetapan dari Hakim berupa ditolak dan diterima yang berguna untuk syarat melangsungkan perkawinan di KUA. Kemudian akibat secara Hukum islam berkaitan dengan status perkawinan, harta perkawinan, status anak, hak waris, nasab serta wali anak.
The age limit for marriage in Indonesia is regulated by law by mentioning a definite age limit, but in Islam there is no mention regarding the exact age limit for marriage. The difference in views between Islamic and positive law raises doubts regarding child marriage, especially in the case of young couples who are pregnant outside of marriage. Dispensation of marriage is an alternative for those who do not meet the minimum age for marriage. This study aims to analyse the procedure for dispensation of marriage for those who marry under the permitted age and the legal consequences of the judge's decision according to civil law and Islamic law. This research is normative juridical research, descriptive analytical in nature with a case approach and conceptual approach. Secondary data, consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials relevant to this issue then qualitative data analysis. The results of this study explain that the procedure for applying for marriage dispensation involves administrative requirements and the stages of submission that must be carried out. Then, the legal consequences of the Judge granting and refusing marriage dispensation include civil consequences and Islamic law. Where in civil law there is a determination from the Judge in the form of being rejected and accepted which is useful for the conditions for marrying at the KUA. Then the consequences in Islamic law are related to marital status, marital property, child status, inheritance rights, nasab and child guardians.
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