CUSTOMARY DELIBERATION IN CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LAW: EXAMINING THE IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM OF WEST MALALAK KENAGARIAN IN INDONESIAN FIKIH AND SIYASAH DUSTURIYAH

Ferdian Arianto; Beni Ahmad Saebani; Yana Sutiana

doi:10.20885/mawarid.vol7.iss1.art2

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December 11, 2024

Accepted

January 21, 2025

Published

February 20, 2025

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Abstract

Purpose - This research analyzes the Nagari system of governance in West Sumatra as an independent customary law system rooted in family and blood relations. In addition, it examines the respect for this system in its day, including by the Dutch colonial government, and its impact on modern regulation. Contemporary Islamic law is also examined in supporting or criticizing this system, particularly concerning justice, deliberation, and leadership.

Methods - This research uses a qualitative method with an empirical juridical approach and descriptive analysis. Data were collected through direct observation and recording of social and legal phenomena in Nagari communities.

Findings - The results showed that West Sumatra is a village-based customary law society with a unique organizational structure now regulated in Law No. 6 of 2014. The democratic system of the Minangkabau Nagari Community has the disadvantage of being hereditary, which can inhibit more inclusive leadership dynamics. Its political structure tends to be paternalistic, influencing patterns of governance and decision-making.

Contribution/Limitation - This research helps to understand the dynamics of the Nagari government system in the context of customary law and the challenges of modernization. In addition, it examines the relevance of this system to contemporary Islamic legal principles, particularly in social justice, leadership transparency, and community participation. However, this research is limited to analysis in West Sumatra and does not include comparisons with other regions.

Originality/Value - This research provides insight into the sustainability of the Nagari government system in the face of modern regulations and social dynamics, as well as its relevance in contemporary Islamic law.

Keywords

Legal System Nagari Siyasah Dusturiyah

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How to Cite

Arianto, F., Saebani, B. A., & Sutiana, Y. (2025). CUSTOMARY DELIBERATION IN CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LAW: EXAMINING THE IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM OF WEST MALALAK KENAGARIAN IN INDONESIAN FIKIH AND SIYASAH DUSTURIYAH. Al-Mawarid Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum (JSYH), 7(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.20885/mawarid.vol7.iss1.art2 (Original work published February 3, 2025)

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References

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References

Abdullah, T. (1966). Adat and Islam: An Examination of Conflict in Minangkabau. Indonesia, 2, 1. https://doi.org/10.2307/3350753

Afrizal. (2003). Sistem Pemerintahan Nagari dalam Tinjauan Filosofis Budaya Minangkabau [Bachelor thesis]. IAIN Sunan Kalijaga.

Afwadi. (2010). Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Nagari: Antara Format Adat atau Format Negara. JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah), 9(1).

Alhadi, Z., Fatimah, S., Antomi, Y., Yusran, R., Ramadhan, R., Permana, I., Rivauzi, A., & Eriyanti, F. (2024). Policy Design for Development Plan of the Saribu Rumah Gadang Tourism Area, Solok Selatan Regency, Indonesia. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 19(8), 3075–3088. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.190822

Angga, L. O., & Latupono, B. (2020). Application of Hawear Customary Law in the Prevention of Pollution and Environmental Damage on the Sea Coast in Southeast Maluku Regency. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 15(5), 767–744. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.150519

Aromatica, D. (2018). Menyoal Eksistensi Pemerintahan Nagari di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Jurnal AKP, 8(2).

Arsil, F., Novrizal, M., Wasti, R. M., Abiyoso, Y., & Abdillah, A. (2022). PRAKTIK DEMOKRASI MODERN DALAM PEMERINTAHAN NAGARI DI MINANGKABAU. Arena Hukum, 15(3), 610–629. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2022.01503.8

Astuti, N. B. (2010). A Historis Study 0f the Lowest Local Government Model in West Sumatra (A Case Study of Kenagarian IV Koto Palembayan, Province of West Sumatera). EPP, 7(2), 14–22.

Batubara, M. Y. (2004). Sistem Pemerintahan Nagari di Kota Sawahlunto: Studi Kasus di Kota Sawahlunto Provinsi Sumatera Barat [Thesis]. Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Budi Astuti, N., & M. Kolopaking, L. (2009). Dilema Dalam Transformasi Desa Ke Nagari: Studi Kasus di Kenagarian IV Koto Palembayan, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.22500/sodality.v3i2.5868

Dwi, P. C. (2022). Hukum Tata Negara. 337.

Eko, S. (2021). Reclaiming the Government for the Sovereignty of the People. GOVERNABILITAS (Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Semesta), 2(2), 188–214. https://doi.org/10.47431/governabilitas.v2i2.122

Fitri, A., Frinaldi, A., & Erianjoni. (2019). Wali Nagari women's leadership style in the development of nagari government in Nagari Tigo Balai , Matur sub-district, Agam regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 314, 012045. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/314/1/012045

Gardbaum, S. (2017). Revolutionary constitutionalism. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 15(1), 173–200. https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/mox005

Harisnawati, Rahayu, S., & Wahyuni, I. S. (2018). Eksistensi Pemerintahan Nagari di Sumatera Barat dalam Kajian Sejarah. Jurnal Bakaba, 7(2). Http://Ejournal.Stkip-Pgri-Sumbar.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Bakaba

Hasyim, M. F. (2020). Literasi Politik Komunitas Samin di Bojonegoro dalam Pemilu Perspektif Fiqih Siyasah. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 14(2), 225–238. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v14i2.3933

Helfi, H., Wadi, F., Firdaus, B., & Daipon, D. (2021). Portraying “Village Regulations” among Urban Community in Campago Guguak Bulek Nagari, Mandiangin Koto Selayan, Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial, 16(1), 27–56. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v16i1.4340

Ismail, I., Hendri, N., & Nurhakim, P. R. (2023). Minangkabau’s Doro Tradition: Coexistence of Customary Law and Islamic Law in Caning Punishment. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 7(1), 579. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i1.15904

Khoban, Z. (2021). Interpretative Interactions: An Argument for Descriptive Representation in Deliberative Mini-publics. Representation, 57(4), 497–514. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2021.1880471

Kosasih, A., M, S., Fauzan, F., & Kusmidi, H. (2024). Strengthening the Indonesian Bicameral Parliament: Siyasah Dusturiyah Perspective. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 9(1), 335. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v9i1.10047

Mahfudin, A., & Moufan Dinatul Firdaus, S. (2022). Analisis Teori Maslahah Mursalah Terhadap Tradisi Larangan Pernikahan Ngalor-Ngulon Masyarakat Adat Jawa. Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 7(1), 33–49.

Mahmad Robbi, A. A., Ishak, M. S. I., & Asni, F. (2024). Al-Siyāsah al-Shar'iyyah's consideration and its approach among the governors in Islamic financial institutions: A Malaysian's experience. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 15(12), 3285–3303. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-05-2023-0155

Marzuki, I. (2021). Diskursus Khilafah dalam Kajian Fiqh Siyasah Klasik dan Kontemporer. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 15(2), 325–344. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v15i2.4159

Michael, D. (2016). REVITALISASI SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN DESA TENTANG DESA DI PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT Abstrak. Jurnal Hak Asasi Manusia Volume, 7(1), 21–34.

Mukhlis, M. M., Maskun, M., Tajuddin, M. S., Aslan, J., Hariyanto, H., & Samosir, H. (2024). Regional Autonomy System: Delegation of Authority and Power of Regional Government in Indonesia in the Study of Fiqh Siyasah. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 9(2), 505–526. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v9i2.9709

Mulia, M., Zulfatmi, Z., Khalil, Z. F., Kurniawan, C. S., & Rizki, D. (2024). Conflict And Consensus in Fiqh Siyasah: The Practice of Islamic Law Across Various Cultures. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 12(3), 1263. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v12i3.1363

Nofiardi, N. (2022). The 'Urf Perspective of Maanta Bareh Pasaran: Reinforcing the Kinship System through a Local Wisdom in Nagari Balingka. Al-Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Islam, 7(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v7i1.4132

Nurdin, Z. (2022). Legal protection of customary rights under legal pluralism and its impact on the minangkabau society: An empirical study in the district of Lima Puluh Kota, West Sumatra. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 2045722. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2045722

Putra, T. H., & Supanggah, R. (2018). Memudarnya Wibawa Niniak Mamak Sebagai Urang Nan Gadang Basa Batuah Di Minangkabau. Gelar : Jurnal Seni Budaya, 15(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.33153/glr.v15i2.2218

Rahmad, R. (2017). MENGEMBALIKAN KEISTIMEWAAN NAGARI DI MINANGKABAU PASCA PEMBERLAKUAN OTONOMI DAERAH. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/m8tgr

Rauf, A. (2013). Kedudukan Hukum Adat Dalam Islam. Jurnal Syariah Dan Ekonomi, 20–34.

Razi, F. (2020). ANALISIS PASAL 18 DAN PASAL 103 UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG DESA. Journal GEEJ, 7(2).

Refdina, Ardi, J., & Syahri, B. (2020). Appropriate Technology Applications Rice Weed Wover Tool in Kenagarian Sungai Duo. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1594(1), 012035. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1594/1/012035

Rois, C., Irfan, A., Toyyib, M., & Ali, M. M. (2024). Recontextualization of Fiqh Al-Siyāsah from the Perspective of Fiqh Al-Ḥaḍarah in Realizing World Peace. Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 14(1), 335–351. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.141.20

Runa, I. W. (2017). Pengertian Desa (Nyata, Fiktif) Yang mempengaruhi Pola Pikir Masyarakat Dalam Pengungkapan Sistem Desa Tenganan. Jurnal Desa, 1–24.

Rusyidi, I. (2023). Good Governance According To Islamic Perspective. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 4(4), 1001–1007. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v4i4.727

Sabri, M. (2012). Harta dalam Konsepsi Adat Minangkabau Oleh: Mohamad Sabri Bin Haron, Iza Hanifuddin. Juris, 11, 1–13.

Siagian, A. W., Fajar, H. F., & Alify, R. F. (2024). Quo Vadis the Existence of Nagari Position: Analysis of The Administration of The Lowest Government of West Sumatra Province. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 13(3). https://dx.doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v12i1.1093

Sunarti, S., Syahrul, N., Yetti, E., Suryami, Iswanto, A., Refisrul, Sumarno, & Masduki, A. (2024). Orahua: The Elitism of indigenous social institutions and deliberations in South Nias, Indonesia. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2413959. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2413959

Susanti, M. (2014). STUDY BALIAK NAGARI BALIAK KA SURAU AS LOCAL WISDOM IN KENAGARIAN KOTO TANGAH TILATANG KAMANG DISTRICT DISTRICT WEST SUMATRA AGAM. Social.

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CUSTOMARY DELIBERATION IN CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LAW: EXAMINING THE IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM OF WEST MALALAK KENAGARIAN IN INDONESIAN FIKIH AND SIYASAH DUSTURIYAH

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