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Abstract
Purpose: This study analyzes the application of the fiqhiyyah rules taghayyur al-fatwā and al-muḥāfaẓah in the context of changing marriage agreement provisions in Indonesia, specifically in the Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs Number 19 of 2018 (PMA 19/2018). The taghayyur fatwa rule refers to the flexibility of the fatwas, which can change according to the needs of society. Al-muḥāfaẓah emphasizes the importance of maintaining good old values while adopting new opinions that are more relevant and contextual. These two principles became the primary analytical framework for evaluating the dynamics of changes in marriage agreements in PMA 19/2018. These changes are inseparable from the challenges of the modern era, such as issues of gender equality, the protection of women's rights, and legal certainty in marriage.
Methods: The research used a normative juridical method with a legislative approach. Data sources were obtained from libraries through legislation, books, and related articles.
Findings- This study shows that the application of the rules of taghayyur fatwa and al-muḥāfaẓah in PMA 19/2018 reflects an effort of ijtihad to balance between maintaining the fundamental values of Islamic law (al-muḥāfaẓah) and accommodating the changes and dynamics of modern society (taghayyur fatwa). This change can be seen in the flexibility of the time needed to make a marriage contract, which could only be done before or during the marriage but can now be done during the marriage.
Contribution/Limitations- PMA 19/2018 is a form of legal response to the development of modern society while ensuring that marriage law remains relevant, fair, and follows the principles of justice in Islam. Thus, PMA 19/2018 is proof of the adaptation of Islamic family law to contemporary challenges. The limitations of this study lie in its normative focus, without an empirical field analysis.
Originality/Value- This research offers a family law perspective on the dynamics of modern society in dealing with contemporary issues, which can be a reference for academics and legal practitioners.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Yernati Ulfazah, Muhammad Hafis, Nia Elmiati, Asril Amirul Zakariah
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References
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- Azam, N. farid M. washil and A. A. M. (2015). Qawai’id Fiqhiyyah (4th ed.). Amzah.
- Dan Prasetijo J, J. E. (2022). Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif dan Empiris. Prenada Media.
- Danang Damar. (2018). Kaidah-Kaidah Fiqih (Qawa’id Fiqhiyah). 35.
- Djazuli, H. A. (2007). Kaidah-Kaidah Hukum Islam Dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah-Masalah Yang Praktis. Kencana.
- Effendy Jaraputri, R. A. P., Rahayu, S. W., Din, M., & Ghifari, M. S. (2023). Legal Consequences For A Notary Public With Double Professions As A Rector Of A Private University Based On Law On Office Of Notary Public. Syariah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran, 23(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v23i1.8611
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- Ghoffar, A. bin M. bin A. ; P. A. (2008). Mukhtashar tafsir Ibnu katsir. Pustaka Imam Asy-Syafi’i.
- Ginda, V., & Lysenko, O. (2024). Marriage Practices and Family Law in Nazi-occupied Ukraine of 1941-1944. Eminak, 3(47), 394–410. https://doi.org/10.33782/eminak2024.3(47).746
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- Hafis, M., & Johari, J. (2022). Maqasid Al-Syariah Sebagai Problem Solver Terhadap Penetapan Hak Asuh Anak Pasca Perceraian. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 22(3), 1522. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v22i3.2420
- Hafis, M., Nelli, J., & Elmiati, N. (2022). AKIBAT HUKUM TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PERJANJIAN PERKAWINAN DALAM PERATURAN MENTERI AGAMA NOMOR 19 TAHUN 2018. Hukum Islam, 22(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.24014/jhi.v22i2.19436
- Jamaluddin, S., Kurniati, K., & Misbahuddin, M. (2022). the Influence of Ibn Qayyim Al-Jauziyah in the Reality of Muslims today. International Journal of Social Science, 2(4), 1929–1936. https://doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v2i4.4180
- L-Zarqā, A. (1989). Sharḥ al-Qawāʿid al-Fiqhiyyah. Dār al-Qalam.
- Liman, P. D. (2020). Jurnal Hukum UNISSULA. Journal of Law, 82(1), 1–13. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1493/a5a9b09c58eea4d5afeffacdcd148625f6c2.pdf
- Mahmudah, L. L. (2023). Edukasi Masyarakat mengenai Perjanjian Perkawinan sebagai Bentuk Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pasangan Suami Istri. Amalee: Indonesian Journal of Community Research and Engagement, 4(1), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.37680/amalee.v4i1.2537
- Masri, E., & Handayani, O. (2022). Kedudukan Harta Benda Dalam Perkawinan Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974. Abdi Bhara, 1(2), 110–118. https://doi.org/10.31599/abhara.v1i2.1705
- Menteri Agama Republik Indonesia. (2010). Peraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 16 Tahun 2010. Https://Peraturan.Bpk.Go.Id/, 16(6), 1–19.
- Mohd Noor, M. I., & Mohd Noor, F. N. (2021). Aplikasi Kaedah Perubahan Hukum dengan Berubahnya Masa dalam Siyasah Syariyyah. Journal of Contemporary Islamic Law, 1(1), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.26475/jcil.2021.6.1.06
- Mun'Im, Z. (2021). Peran kaidah fikih dalam aktualisasi hukum islam: Studi fatwa yūsuf al-qaraḍāwī tentang fiqh al-aqalliyāt. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 15(1), 151–172. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v15i1.4546
- Muttaqin, M. N., & Fadhilah, N. (2020). Hak Ijbar Wali Tinjauan Maqashid Syari’ah dan Antropologi Hukum Islam. De Jure: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syar’iah, 12(1), 102–119. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v12i1.7923
- Nasir, M., Rizki, A., & Anzaikhan, M. (2022). PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM KONTEMPORER. TAQNIN: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum, 4(02). https://doi.org/10.30821/taqnin.v4i02.12137
- Nasirudin, M., & Yusuf, A. Z. (2024). HUBUNGAN FIQIH DENGAN USHUL FIQIH SERTA MANFAAT. 19(02), 86–93.
- Nurdin, A., Usman, B., Samad, F., & Mukhtar, M. (2022). Tujuan Hukum Islam untuk Kemaslahatan Manusia: Penerapan Kaidah Fiqhiyah dalam Bidang Ekonomi dan Hukum Keluarga. El-Usrah, 5(1), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v5i1.14665
- Nurunnisa, N., Erliyani, R., Hermawan, G. F., & Abdelhadi, Y. M. M. (2023). Implications of Annulment of Marriage on the Distribution of Joint Assets according to the Compilation of Islamic Law and National Law. Syariah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran, 23(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v23i1.9523
- Pelu, I. E. A., & Dakhoir, A. (2021). Marital Property within the Marriage Law: A Debate on Legal Position and Actual Applications. Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 59(2), 287–316. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2021.592.287-316
- Puu-xiii, M. K. N. (2018). Model Perjanjian Kawin Yang Dibuat Setelah. Masalah-Masalah Hukum; Vol 47, No 3 (2018): MASALAH-MASALAH HUKUM; 252-267 ; 2527-4716 ; 2086-2695, 3, 253–267. https://ejournal. undip. ac.id/index. php/mmh/article/view/17297
- Rachman, R., Ardiansyah, E., & Sahrul. (2021). A Juridical Review Towards The Land Rights Ownership In Mixed Marriage. Jambura Law Review, 3(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v3i1.6857
- Rosa, M., Huda, Y., Danil, M., Maulidah, C., & Arlis, A. (2024). Reforming of Marriage Law Through Constitutional Court Decision in Indonesia. Jurnal Konstitusi, 21(4), 656–679. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2148
- Saniah, N., Yuslem, N., & Matsum, H. (2023). Analysis of Maqāshid Sharī’a on Substitute Heir in Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). Al-’Adalah, 20(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v20i1.16062
- Shomad, A., & Hajati, S. (2025). Prenuptial Agreement and the Principle of Balanced Justice in the Division of Joint Property in Islamic Marriage Law. Yuridika, 40(1), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v40i1.60238
- Sofiyana, N., & Prastyanti, R. A. (2024). Analysis of Joint Property Division in Mixed Marriages : A Case Study of The Supreme Court Decision Number 1400 K / Pdt / 2017 Perspective of International Private Law. 3(01), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.58812/eslhr.v3i01
- Subekti dan Tjitrosudibio. (2018). Profit : Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Cet. Ke-32. 2(2), 18–32.
- Sumarta, S., Burhanudin, B., & Zamzami, Z. (2024). Interpretasi dan Pengembangan Hukum Islam dalam Konteks Perkembangan Zaman. Khulasah : Islamic Studies Journal, 6(2), 48–61. https://doi.org/10.55656/kisj.v6i2.124
- Syamsul Hilal. (2000). Qawâ‘id Fiqhiyyah Furû‘iyyah Sebagai Sumber Hukum Islam.
- Syekh, U. I. N., Hasan, A., Addary, A., Volume, P., Januari-juni, E. J., Jurnal, P. S., Syariah, I. F., Hukum, I., Syekh, U. I. N., Hasan, A., Addary, A., Volume, P., Januari-juni, E., Syariah, F., & Hukum, I. (2023). Jurnal El-Qanuniy --------------------------------------------------. 104–127.
- Takdir, Halide, N., Hardianto, Rusli, M., Erwin, & de Vos, P. (2024). Islamic Law and Local Traditions in Preventing Early Marriage in the Toraja Muslim Minority Community. Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah, 22(2), 274–287. https://doi.org/10.30984/jis.v22i2.2931
- Taufiq, M., & Tgk. Syarkawi, M. P. I. (2022). FLEKSIBILITAS HUKUM FIQH DALAM MERESPONS PERUBAHAN ZAMAN. Jurnal Al-Nadhair, 1(01), 45–66. https://doi.org/10.61433/alnadhair.v1i01.7
- Zuhaili, W. (2008). Al-Fiqhu al-Islami wa ’Adillatuhu. Dar Al-Fikr.
References
Al Jufri, K. A., Awang, M. S., & Mochammad Sahid, M. (2021). MAQASID SYARIAH MENURUT IMAM AL-GHAZALI DAN APLIKASINYA DALAM PENYUSUNAN UNDANG-UNDANG ISLAM DI INDONESIA. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 9(2), 75–87. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol9no2.315
Amalia, B., & Erliyani, R. (2024). Pengesahan Perjanjian Perkawinan Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Collegium Studiosum Journal, 7(1), 131–141. https://doi.org/10.56301/csj.v7i1.1282
Ar-Raudli, M. M. (2015). Kaidah fiqiih : menjawab problematika sepanjang jaman (uraian lengkap al-Qawa’id al-Fiqhiyah disertai dengan contoh-contoh yang aktual) (Cetakan ke). Gava Media.
Asman, A., Marilang, M., & Kurniati, K. (2021). Existence of Marriage Agreements in Islam Development Studies in the Community of Malay Border Indonesia-Malaysia. Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah, 19(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.30984/jis.v19i1.1256
Azam, N. farid M. washil and A. A. M. (2015). Qawai’id Fiqhiyyah (4th ed.). Amzah.
Dan Prasetijo J, J. E. (2022). Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif dan Empiris. Prenada Media.
Danang Damar. (2018). Kaidah-Kaidah Fiqih (Qawa’id Fiqhiyah). 35.
Djazuli, H. A. (2007). Kaidah-Kaidah Hukum Islam Dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah-Masalah Yang Praktis. Kencana.
Effendy Jaraputri, R. A. P., Rahayu, S. W., Din, M., & Ghifari, M. S. (2023). Legal Consequences For A Notary Public With Double Professions As A Rector Of A Private University Based On Law On Office Of Notary Public. Syariah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran, 23(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v23i1.8611
ERKOC BAYDAR, T. (2021). Nass Karşısında Amelî Örfün Tahsis Değeri. Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi, 20(1), 53–108. https://doi.org/10.14395/hid.864860
Eva Nur Hopipah, & Aah Tsamratul Fuadah. (2023). Kaidah Al-Yaqinu Laa Yuzaalu Bisyakkin: Keyakinan Tidak Dapat Dihapuskan dengan Keraguan. Hikamia: Jurnal Pemikiran Tasawuf Dan Peradaban Islam, 3(2), 86–103. https://doi.org/10.58572/hkm.v3i2.34
Gad Makhlouf, A. (2024). Continuity and Change of Traditional Islamic Law in Modern Times: tarjīḥ as a Method of Adaptation and Development of Legal Doctrines. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 12(1), 55–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwad010
Ghoffar, A. bin M. bin A. ; P. A. (2008). Mukhtashar tafsir Ibnu katsir. Pustaka Imam Asy-Syafi’i.
Ginda, V., & Lysenko, O. (2024). Marriage Practices and Family Law in Nazi-occupied Ukraine of 1941-1944. Eminak, 3(47), 394–410. https://doi.org/10.33782/eminak2024.3(47).746
Grafika, R. S. (2007). Undang- Undang Pokok Perkawinan : Beserta Peraturan Perkawinan Khusus Untuk Anggota ABRI, Anggota Polri, Pegawai Kejaksaan, Pegawai Negeri Sipil. Sinar Grafika.
Hafis, M. (2023). Kajian Terhadap Asas-Asas Teologis Dalam Surah An-Nisa’ Ayat 129 Tentang Aturan Konkrit Monogami. Jurnal Kajian Dan Pengembangan Umat, 6(2), 194–201. https://doi.org/10.31869/jkpu.v6i2.4888
Hafis, M., Elmiati, N., & Syafitri, J. (2024). Contemporary Issues of Islamic Family Law: The Waithood Phenomenon and the Impact of the Sex Recession in Indonesia in Review of Sadd al-dzari'ah. Legitima: Journal of Islamic Family, 07(01), 18–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33367/legitima.v6i1
Hafis, M., & Johari, J. (2022). Maqasid Al-Syariah Sebagai Problem Solver Terhadap Penetapan Hak Asuh Anak Pasca Perceraian. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 22(3), 1522. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v22i3.2420
Hafis, M., Nelli, J., & Elmiati, N. (2022). AKIBAT HUKUM TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PERJANJIAN PERKAWINAN DALAM PERATURAN MENTERI AGAMA NOMOR 19 TAHUN 2018. Hukum Islam, 22(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.24014/jhi.v22i2.19436
Jamaluddin, S., Kurniati, K., & Misbahuddin, M. (2022). the Influence of Ibn Qayyim Al-Jauziyah in the Reality of Muslims today. International Journal of Social Science, 2(4), 1929–1936. https://doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v2i4.4180
L-Zarqā, A. (1989). Sharḥ al-Qawāʿid al-Fiqhiyyah. Dār al-Qalam.
Liman, P. D. (2020). Jurnal Hukum UNISSULA. Journal of Law, 82(1), 1–13. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1493/a5a9b09c58eea4d5afeffacdcd148625f6c2.pdf
Mahmudah, L. L. (2023). Edukasi Masyarakat mengenai Perjanjian Perkawinan sebagai Bentuk Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pasangan Suami Istri. Amalee: Indonesian Journal of Community Research and Engagement, 4(1), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.37680/amalee.v4i1.2537
Masri, E., & Handayani, O. (2022). Kedudukan Harta Benda Dalam Perkawinan Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974. Abdi Bhara, 1(2), 110–118. https://doi.org/10.31599/abhara.v1i2.1705
Menteri Agama Republik Indonesia. (2010). Peraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 16 Tahun 2010. Https://Peraturan.Bpk.Go.Id/, 16(6), 1–19.
Mohd Noor, M. I., & Mohd Noor, F. N. (2021). Aplikasi Kaedah Perubahan Hukum dengan Berubahnya Masa dalam Siyasah Syariyyah. Journal of Contemporary Islamic Law, 1(1), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.26475/jcil.2021.6.1.06
Mun'Im, Z. (2021). Peran kaidah fikih dalam aktualisasi hukum islam: Studi fatwa yūsuf al-qaraḍāwī tentang fiqh al-aqalliyāt. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 15(1), 151–172. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v15i1.4546
Muttaqin, M. N., & Fadhilah, N. (2020). Hak Ijbar Wali Tinjauan Maqashid Syari’ah dan Antropologi Hukum Islam. De Jure: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syar’iah, 12(1), 102–119. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v12i1.7923
Nasir, M., Rizki, A., & Anzaikhan, M. (2022). PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM KONTEMPORER. TAQNIN: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum, 4(02). https://doi.org/10.30821/taqnin.v4i02.12137
Nasirudin, M., & Yusuf, A. Z. (2024). HUBUNGAN FIQIH DENGAN USHUL FIQIH SERTA MANFAAT. 19(02), 86–93.
Nurdin, A., Usman, B., Samad, F., & Mukhtar, M. (2022). Tujuan Hukum Islam untuk Kemaslahatan Manusia: Penerapan Kaidah Fiqhiyah dalam Bidang Ekonomi dan Hukum Keluarga. El-Usrah, 5(1), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v5i1.14665
Nurunnisa, N., Erliyani, R., Hermawan, G. F., & Abdelhadi, Y. M. M. (2023). Implications of Annulment of Marriage on the Distribution of Joint Assets according to the Compilation of Islamic Law and National Law. Syariah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran, 23(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v23i1.9523
Pelu, I. E. A., & Dakhoir, A. (2021). Marital Property within the Marriage Law: A Debate on Legal Position and Actual Applications. Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 59(2), 287–316. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2021.592.287-316
Puu-xiii, M. K. N. (2018). Model Perjanjian Kawin Yang Dibuat Setelah. Masalah-Masalah Hukum; Vol 47, No 3 (2018): MASALAH-MASALAH HUKUM; 252-267 ; 2527-4716 ; 2086-2695, 3, 253–267. https://ejournal. undip. ac.id/index. php/mmh/article/view/17297
Rachman, R., Ardiansyah, E., & Sahrul. (2021). A Juridical Review Towards The Land Rights Ownership In Mixed Marriage. Jambura Law Review, 3(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v3i1.6857
Rosa, M., Huda, Y., Danil, M., Maulidah, C., & Arlis, A. (2024). Reforming of Marriage Law Through Constitutional Court Decision in Indonesia. Jurnal Konstitusi, 21(4), 656–679. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2148
Saniah, N., Yuslem, N., & Matsum, H. (2023). Analysis of Maqāshid Sharī’a on Substitute Heir in Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). Al-’Adalah, 20(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v20i1.16062
Shomad, A., & Hajati, S. (2025). Prenuptial Agreement and the Principle of Balanced Justice in the Division of Joint Property in Islamic Marriage Law. Yuridika, 40(1), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v40i1.60238
Sofiyana, N., & Prastyanti, R. A. (2024). Analysis of Joint Property Division in Mixed Marriages : A Case Study of The Supreme Court Decision Number 1400 K / Pdt / 2017 Perspective of International Private Law. 3(01), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.58812/eslhr.v3i01
Subekti dan Tjitrosudibio. (2018). Profit : Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Cet. Ke-32. 2(2), 18–32.
Sumarta, S., Burhanudin, B., & Zamzami, Z. (2024). Interpretasi dan Pengembangan Hukum Islam dalam Konteks Perkembangan Zaman. Khulasah : Islamic Studies Journal, 6(2), 48–61. https://doi.org/10.55656/kisj.v6i2.124
Syamsul Hilal. (2000). Qawâ‘id Fiqhiyyah Furû‘iyyah Sebagai Sumber Hukum Islam.
Syekh, U. I. N., Hasan, A., Addary, A., Volume, P., Januari-juni, E. J., Jurnal, P. S., Syariah, I. F., Hukum, I., Syekh, U. I. N., Hasan, A., Addary, A., Volume, P., Januari-juni, E., Syariah, F., & Hukum, I. (2023). Jurnal El-Qanuniy --------------------------------------------------. 104–127.
Takdir, Halide, N., Hardianto, Rusli, M., Erwin, & de Vos, P. (2024). Islamic Law and Local Traditions in Preventing Early Marriage in the Toraja Muslim Minority Community. Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah, 22(2), 274–287. https://doi.org/10.30984/jis.v22i2.2931
Taufiq, M., & Tgk. Syarkawi, M. P. I. (2022). FLEKSIBILITAS HUKUM FIQH DALAM MERESPONS PERUBAHAN ZAMAN. Jurnal Al-Nadhair, 1(01), 45–66. https://doi.org/10.61433/alnadhair.v1i01.7
Zuhaili, W. (2008). Al-Fiqhu al-Islami wa ’Adillatuhu. Dar Al-Fikr.