Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose – Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in the Indonesian economy. However, the Covid-19 pandemic has hampered the economic sector, companies must be able to create the best market opportunities one way through which entrepreneurial personality traits and skills can influence the market and entrepreneurial orientation. Therefore, it is important to know the important role of the personality and skills of SME owners in responding to this situation. Based on this, this study aims to examine the relationship between personality traits, entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation and performance.
Methodology – This study uses a survey with a structured questionnaire with a total of 103 SMEs owners in Indonesia.
Findings – This study shows that the ability to negotiation skill and risk taking has a significant effect on both entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation, but optimism and locus of control have no effect on market orientation and orientation.
Implications – This study promises to examine how the positive role of personality traits here can help managers view any crisis in a new perspective. As for the managerial implications a manager can use the influence of their personality to inspire and mobilize their team to work effectively to achieve common goals.
Originality – This research is to provide a useful view for SMEs owners, it is important to be entrepreneurship and market oriented in order to improve SMEs performance and increase awareness of the importance and adopting new technology as an effort to deal with the Covid-19 and anticipate the economy in the future.
Article Details
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
- Abdul-Mohsin, A. M., Abdul-Halim, H., & Ahmad, N. H. (2012). Delving into the issues of entrepreneurial attitude orientation and market orientation among the SMEs: A conceptual paper. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 731–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.191
- Abell, P. M., Felin, T., & Foss, N. J. (2007). Building micro-foundations for the routines, capabilities, and performance links. SSRN Electronic Journal (Issue February). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.982823
- Acosta, A. S., Crespo, A. H., & Agudo, J. C. (2018). Effect of market orientation, network capability and entrepreneurial orientation on international performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). International Business Review, 27(6), 1128–1140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.04.004
- Ahmed, S. O., El Fakih, R., Elhaddad, A., Ali Hamidieh, A., Altbakhi, A., Chaudhry, Q. U. N., Bazarbachi, A., Adil, S., Al-khabori, M., Ben Othman, T., Gaziev, J., Khalaf, M., Alshammeri, S., Alotaibi, S., Alshahrani, M., Bekadja, M. A., Ibrahim, A., Al-Wahadneh, A. M., Altarshi, M., Aljurf, M. (2021). Strategic priorities for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the EMRO region. Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy,. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hemonc.2021.09.006
- Andres, L., & Round, J. (2015). The creative economy in a context of transition: A review of the mechanisms of micro-resilience. Cities, 45, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.02.003
- Artinger, S., Vulkan, N., & Shem-Tov, Y. (2015). Entrepreneurs’ negotiation behavior. Small Business Economics, 44(4), 737–757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9619-8
- Baker, W. E., & Sinkula, J. M. (2009). The complementary effects of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on profitability in small businesses. Journal of Small Business Management, 47(4), 443–464. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2009.00278.x
- Becherer, R. C., & Maurer, J. G. (1998). The moderating effect of environmental variables on the entrepreneurial and marketing orientation of entrepreneur-led firms. ET&P, 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F104225879702200103
- Beliaeva, T., Shirokova, G., Wales, W., & Gafforova, E. (2020). Benefiting from economic crisis? Strategic orientation effects, trade-offs, and configurations with resource availability on SME performance. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16(1), 165–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-018-0499-2
- Bouncken, R., Cesinger, B., & Tiberius, V. (2020). Narcissism, machiavellianism, and psychopathy of top managers: Can entrepreneurial orientation secure performance? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 12(3), 273–302. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEV.2020.107932
- Bourletidis, K. (2013). The strategic management of market information to SMEs during economic crisis. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 73, 598–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.02.096
- Caballero-Morales, S.-O. (2021). Innovation as recovery strategy for SMEs in emerging economies during the Covid-19 pandemic. Research in International Business and Finance, 57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101396
- Colakoglu, N., & Gozukara, I. (2016). Comparison study on personality traits based on the attitudes of university students toward entrepreneurship. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 133–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.07.122
- Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2013). Business Research Methods (Twelfth Ed). McGraw-Hill Companies.
- Duncan, P., Murphy, M., Man, M. S., Chaplin, K., Gaunt, D., & Salisbury, C. (2018). Development and validation of the multimorbidity treatment burden questionnaire (MTBQ). BMJ Open, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019413
- Eggers, F. (2020). Masters of disasters? Challenges and opportunities for SMEs in times of crisis. Journal of Business Research, 116, 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.025
- Elenurm, T., Alas, R., Rozell, E. J., Scroggins, W. A., & Alsua, C. J. (2014). Cultural prototypes of the successful entrepreneur: Comparison of Estonia and the United States. Journal of Baltic Studies, 45(4), 499–515. https://doi.org/10.1080/01629778.2014.938354
- Elhem, B. F., & Ezzeddine, B. M. (2015). Does entrepreneur dispositional optimism bias affect small firms’ technical efficiency. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 24(3), 302–321. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2015.067467
- Espíritu-Olmos, R., & Sastre-Castillo, M. A. (2015). Personality traits versus work values: Comparing psychological theories on entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Business Research, 68(7), 1595–1598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.02.001
- Felin, T., & Hesterly, W. S. (2007). The knowledge-based view, nested heterogeneity, and new value creation: Philosophical considerations on the locus of knowledge. Academy of Management Review, 32(1), 195–218. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2007.23464020
- Ferreras-Mendez, J. L., Olmos-Penuela, J., Salas-Vallina, A., & Alegre, J. (2021). Technovation entrepreneurial orientation and new product development performance in SMEs : The mediating role of business model innovation. Technovation, 108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102325
- Genc, E., Dayan, M., & Genc, O. F. (2019). The impact of SME internationalization on innovation: The mediating role of market and entrepreneurial orientation. Industrial Marketing Management, 82, 253–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2019.01.008
- Gruber-Muecke, T., & Hofer, K. M. (2015). Market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and performance in emerging markets. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 10(3), 560–571. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJoEM-05-2013-0076
- Hackbarth, D. (2008). Managerial traits and capital structure decisions. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 43(4), 843–881. http://people.bu.edu/dhackbar/JFQA-2008.pdf
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (Seventh Ed). British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
- Herbst, U., Voeth, M., & Meister, C. (2011). What do we know about buyer-seller negotiations in marketing research? A status quo analysis. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(6), 967–978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2011.07.004
- Hock-Doepgen, M., Clauss, T., Kraus, S., & Cheng, C. F. (2021). Knowledge management capabilities and organizational risk-taking for business model innovation in SMEs. Journal of Business Research, 130, 683–697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.12.001
- Jones, G. R., & George, J. M. (2016). Contemporary Management (Ninth Edit). McGraw-Hill Education.
- Kocak, A., Carsrud, A., & Oflazoglu, S. (2017). Market, entrepreneurial, and technology orientations: Impact on innovation and firm performance. Management Decision, 55(2), 248–270. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-04-2015-0146
- Kottika, E., Özsomer, A., Rydén, P., Theodorakis, I. G., Kaminakis, K., Kottikas, K. G., & Stathakopoulos, V. (2020). We survived this! what managers could learn from SMEs who successfully navigated the Greek economic crisis. Industrial Marketing Management, 88, 352–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.05.021
- Lee, N., Sameen, H., & Cowling, M. (2015). Access to finance for innovative SMEs since the financial crisis. Research Policy, 44(2), 370–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.09.008
- Li, Y., Liu, Y., & Liu, H. (2011). Co-opetition, distributor’s entrepreneurial orientation and manufacturer’s knowledge acquisition: Evidence from China. Journal of Operations Management, 29(1–2), 128–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2010.07.006
- Lukas, B. A., & Ferrell, O. C. (2000). The effect of market orientation on product innovation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(2), 239–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070300282005
- Malmendier, U., & Tate, G. (2005). CEO overconfidence and corporate investment. Journal of Finance, 60(6), 2661–2700. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00813.x
- Martinez, E. V., Serna, M. D. C. M., & Guzman, G. M. (2018). The relationship between market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and learning orientation on innovation and its effect on performance in Mexican SMEs. International Business Management, 12(2), 132–144. https://medwelljournals.com/abstract/?doi=ibm.2018.132.144
- Matsuno, K., Mentzer, J. T., & Ozsomer, A. (2002). The effects of entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation on business performance. Journal of Marketing, 66, 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11002-009-9072-7
- Morris, M. H., & Paul, G. W. (1987). The relationship between entrepreneurship and marketing in established firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 2(3), 247–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(87)90012-7
- Naidoo, V. (2010). Firm survival through a crisis: The influence of market orientation, marketing innovation and business strategy. Industrial Marketing Management, 39(8), 1311–1320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.02.005
- Neuman, W. L. (2013). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (Seventh Ed). Pearson Education Limited.
- Palmer, C., Niemand, T., Stöckmann, C., Kraus, S., & Kailer, N. (2017). The interplay of entrepreneurial orientation and psychological traits in explaining firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 94, 183–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.005
- Petzold, S., Barbat, V., Pons, F., & Zins, M. (2019). Impact of responsive and proactive market orientation on SME performance: The moderating role of economic crisis perception. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 36(4), 459–472. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjas.1514
- Putra, P. O. H., & Santoso, H. B. (2020). Contextual factors and performance impact of e-business use in Indonesian small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Heliyon, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03568
- Randhawa, K., Wilden, R., & Gudergan, S. (2021). How to innovate toward an ambidextrous business model? The role of dynamic capabilities and market orientation. Journal of Business Research, 130, 618–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.046
- Sabahi, S., & Parast, M. M. (2020). The impact of entrepreneurship orientation on project performance: A machine learning approach. International Journal of Production Economics, 226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107621
- Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (Seventh Ed). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_102084
- Sidik, I. G. (2012). Conceptual framework of factors affecting SME development: Mediating factors on the relationship of entrepreneur traits and SME performance. Procedia Economics and Finance, 4, 373–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(12)00351-6
- Slater, S. F., & Narver, J. C. (2000). The positive effect of a market orientation on business profitability: A balanced replication. Journal of Business Research, 48(1), 69–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(98)00077-0
- Soininen, J., Puumalainen, K., Sjögrén, H., & Syrjä, P. (2012). The impact of global economic crisis on SMEs: Does entrepreneurial orientation matter? Management Research Review, 35(10), 927–944. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409171211272660
- Song, H.-G., Son, M.-H., & Choi, Y. (2015). Environmental factors on the entrepreneurship of successful restaurant establishment. International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 15(3–4), 96–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2016.1163820
- Sujan, H. (1999). Optimism and street-smarts: Identifying and improving salesperson intelligence. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 19(3), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.1999.10754179
- Sun, J., Maksimov, V., Wang, S. L., & Luo, Y. (2021). Developing compositional capability in emerging-market SMEs. Journal of World Business, 56(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2020.101148
- Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and micro foundations of (Sustainable). Strategic Management Journal, 28(13), 1319–1350. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.64
- Türker, M. V., & İnel, M. N. (2012). The effect of locus of control orientation on perceived individual innovativeness: An empirical research in Turkey. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 879–888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1066
- Wahyono, & Hutahayan, B. (2021). The relationships between market orientation, learning orientation, financial literacy, on the knowledge competence, innovation, and performance of small and medium textile industries in Java and Bali. Asia Pacific Management Review, 26(1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2020.07.001
- Wally, S., & Baum, J. R. (1994). Personal and structural determinants of the pace of strategic decision making. Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), 932–956. https://doi.org/10.5465/256605
References
Abdul-Mohsin, A. M., Abdul-Halim, H., & Ahmad, N. H. (2012). Delving into the issues of entrepreneurial attitude orientation and market orientation among the SMEs: A conceptual paper. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 731–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.191
Abell, P. M., Felin, T., & Foss, N. J. (2007). Building micro-foundations for the routines, capabilities, and performance links. SSRN Electronic Journal (Issue February). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.982823
Acosta, A. S., Crespo, A. H., & Agudo, J. C. (2018). Effect of market orientation, network capability and entrepreneurial orientation on international performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). International Business Review, 27(6), 1128–1140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.04.004
Ahmed, S. O., El Fakih, R., Elhaddad, A., Ali Hamidieh, A., Altbakhi, A., Chaudhry, Q. U. N., Bazarbachi, A., Adil, S., Al-khabori, M., Ben Othman, T., Gaziev, J., Khalaf, M., Alshammeri, S., Alotaibi, S., Alshahrani, M., Bekadja, M. A., Ibrahim, A., Al-Wahadneh, A. M., Altarshi, M., Aljurf, M. (2021). Strategic priorities for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the EMRO region. Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy,. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hemonc.2021.09.006
Andres, L., & Round, J. (2015). The creative economy in a context of transition: A review of the mechanisms of micro-resilience. Cities, 45, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.02.003
Artinger, S., Vulkan, N., & Shem-Tov, Y. (2015). Entrepreneurs’ negotiation behavior. Small Business Economics, 44(4), 737–757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9619-8
Baker, W. E., & Sinkula, J. M. (2009). The complementary effects of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on profitability in small businesses. Journal of Small Business Management, 47(4), 443–464. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2009.00278.x
Becherer, R. C., & Maurer, J. G. (1998). The moderating effect of environmental variables on the entrepreneurial and marketing orientation of entrepreneur-led firms. ET&P, 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F104225879702200103
Beliaeva, T., Shirokova, G., Wales, W., & Gafforova, E. (2020). Benefiting from economic crisis? Strategic orientation effects, trade-offs, and configurations with resource availability on SME performance. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16(1), 165–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-018-0499-2
Bouncken, R., Cesinger, B., & Tiberius, V. (2020). Narcissism, machiavellianism, and psychopathy of top managers: Can entrepreneurial orientation secure performance? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 12(3), 273–302. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEV.2020.107932
Bourletidis, K. (2013). The strategic management of market information to SMEs during economic crisis. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 73, 598–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.02.096
Caballero-Morales, S.-O. (2021). Innovation as recovery strategy for SMEs in emerging economies during the Covid-19 pandemic. Research in International Business and Finance, 57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101396
Colakoglu, N., & Gozukara, I. (2016). Comparison study on personality traits based on the attitudes of university students toward entrepreneurship. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 133–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.07.122
Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2013). Business Research Methods (Twelfth Ed). McGraw-Hill Companies.
Duncan, P., Murphy, M., Man, M. S., Chaplin, K., Gaunt, D., & Salisbury, C. (2018). Development and validation of the multimorbidity treatment burden questionnaire (MTBQ). BMJ Open, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019413
Eggers, F. (2020). Masters of disasters? Challenges and opportunities for SMEs in times of crisis. Journal of Business Research, 116, 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.025
Elenurm, T., Alas, R., Rozell, E. J., Scroggins, W. A., & Alsua, C. J. (2014). Cultural prototypes of the successful entrepreneur: Comparison of Estonia and the United States. Journal of Baltic Studies, 45(4), 499–515. https://doi.org/10.1080/01629778.2014.938354
Elhem, B. F., & Ezzeddine, B. M. (2015). Does entrepreneur dispositional optimism bias affect small firms’ technical efficiency. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 24(3), 302–321. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2015.067467
Espíritu-Olmos, R., & Sastre-Castillo, M. A. (2015). Personality traits versus work values: Comparing psychological theories on entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Business Research, 68(7), 1595–1598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.02.001
Felin, T., & Hesterly, W. S. (2007). The knowledge-based view, nested heterogeneity, and new value creation: Philosophical considerations on the locus of knowledge. Academy of Management Review, 32(1), 195–218. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2007.23464020
Ferreras-Mendez, J. L., Olmos-Penuela, J., Salas-Vallina, A., & Alegre, J. (2021). Technovation entrepreneurial orientation and new product development performance in SMEs : The mediating role of business model innovation. Technovation, 108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102325
Genc, E., Dayan, M., & Genc, O. F. (2019). The impact of SME internationalization on innovation: The mediating role of market and entrepreneurial orientation. Industrial Marketing Management, 82, 253–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2019.01.008
Gruber-Muecke, T., & Hofer, K. M. (2015). Market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and performance in emerging markets. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 10(3), 560–571. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJoEM-05-2013-0076
Hackbarth, D. (2008). Managerial traits and capital structure decisions. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 43(4), 843–881. http://people.bu.edu/dhackbar/JFQA-2008.pdf
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (Seventh Ed). British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
Herbst, U., Voeth, M., & Meister, C. (2011). What do we know about buyer-seller negotiations in marketing research? A status quo analysis. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(6), 967–978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2011.07.004
Hock-Doepgen, M., Clauss, T., Kraus, S., & Cheng, C. F. (2021). Knowledge management capabilities and organizational risk-taking for business model innovation in SMEs. Journal of Business Research, 130, 683–697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.12.001
Jones, G. R., & George, J. M. (2016). Contemporary Management (Ninth Edit). McGraw-Hill Education.
Kocak, A., Carsrud, A., & Oflazoglu, S. (2017). Market, entrepreneurial, and technology orientations: Impact on innovation and firm performance. Management Decision, 55(2), 248–270. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-04-2015-0146
Kottika, E., Özsomer, A., Rydén, P., Theodorakis, I. G., Kaminakis, K., Kottikas, K. G., & Stathakopoulos, V. (2020). We survived this! what managers could learn from SMEs who successfully navigated the Greek economic crisis. Industrial Marketing Management, 88, 352–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.05.021
Lee, N., Sameen, H., & Cowling, M. (2015). Access to finance for innovative SMEs since the financial crisis. Research Policy, 44(2), 370–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.09.008
Li, Y., Liu, Y., & Liu, H. (2011). Co-opetition, distributor’s entrepreneurial orientation and manufacturer’s knowledge acquisition: Evidence from China. Journal of Operations Management, 29(1–2), 128–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2010.07.006
Lukas, B. A., & Ferrell, O. C. (2000). The effect of market orientation on product innovation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(2), 239–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070300282005
Malmendier, U., & Tate, G. (2005). CEO overconfidence and corporate investment. Journal of Finance, 60(6), 2661–2700. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00813.x
Martinez, E. V., Serna, M. D. C. M., & Guzman, G. M. (2018). The relationship between market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and learning orientation on innovation and its effect on performance in Mexican SMEs. International Business Management, 12(2), 132–144. https://medwelljournals.com/abstract/?doi=ibm.2018.132.144
Matsuno, K., Mentzer, J. T., & Ozsomer, A. (2002). The effects of entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation on business performance. Journal of Marketing, 66, 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11002-009-9072-7
Morris, M. H., & Paul, G. W. (1987). The relationship between entrepreneurship and marketing in established firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 2(3), 247–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(87)90012-7
Naidoo, V. (2010). Firm survival through a crisis: The influence of market orientation, marketing innovation and business strategy. Industrial Marketing Management, 39(8), 1311–1320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.02.005
Neuman, W. L. (2013). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (Seventh Ed). Pearson Education Limited.
Palmer, C., Niemand, T., Stöckmann, C., Kraus, S., & Kailer, N. (2017). The interplay of entrepreneurial orientation and psychological traits in explaining firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 94, 183–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.005
Petzold, S., Barbat, V., Pons, F., & Zins, M. (2019). Impact of responsive and proactive market orientation on SME performance: The moderating role of economic crisis perception. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 36(4), 459–472. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjas.1514
Putra, P. O. H., & Santoso, H. B. (2020). Contextual factors and performance impact of e-business use in Indonesian small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Heliyon, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03568
Randhawa, K., Wilden, R., & Gudergan, S. (2021). How to innovate toward an ambidextrous business model? The role of dynamic capabilities and market orientation. Journal of Business Research, 130, 618–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.046
Sabahi, S., & Parast, M. M. (2020). The impact of entrepreneurship orientation on project performance: A machine learning approach. International Journal of Production Economics, 226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107621
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (Seventh Ed). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_102084
Sidik, I. G. (2012). Conceptual framework of factors affecting SME development: Mediating factors on the relationship of entrepreneur traits and SME performance. Procedia Economics and Finance, 4, 373–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(12)00351-6
Slater, S. F., & Narver, J. C. (2000). The positive effect of a market orientation on business profitability: A balanced replication. Journal of Business Research, 48(1), 69–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(98)00077-0
Soininen, J., Puumalainen, K., Sjögrén, H., & Syrjä, P. (2012). The impact of global economic crisis on SMEs: Does entrepreneurial orientation matter? Management Research Review, 35(10), 927–944. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409171211272660
Song, H.-G., Son, M.-H., & Choi, Y. (2015). Environmental factors on the entrepreneurship of successful restaurant establishment. International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 15(3–4), 96–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2016.1163820
Sujan, H. (1999). Optimism and street-smarts: Identifying and improving salesperson intelligence. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 19(3), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.1999.10754179
Sun, J., Maksimov, V., Wang, S. L., & Luo, Y. (2021). Developing compositional capability in emerging-market SMEs. Journal of World Business, 56(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2020.101148
Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and micro foundations of (Sustainable). Strategic Management Journal, 28(13), 1319–1350. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.64
Türker, M. V., & İnel, M. N. (2012). The effect of locus of control orientation on perceived individual innovativeness: An empirical research in Turkey. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 879–888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1066
Wahyono, & Hutahayan, B. (2021). The relationships between market orientation, learning orientation, financial literacy, on the knowledge competence, innovation, and performance of small and medium textile industries in Java and Bali. Asia Pacific Management Review, 26(1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2020.07.001
Wally, S., & Baum, J. R. (1994). Personal and structural determinants of the pace of strategic decision making. Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), 932–956. https://doi.org/10.5465/256605