Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose – This paper aims to discuss the proposed model, called Integrated Cash Waqf and Islamic Crowdfunding Model (I-CWCM), for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), including micro-enterprises and household businesses in the digital era.
Methodology – The author documents some cash waqf models and Islamic crowdfunding models that have been developed by previous researchers. And then modified and introduces the I-CWCM model based on the relevant literature study.
Findings – In this model, the cash waqf funds (temporary and perpetual) will be invested in Islamic investments and productive asset programs. The investment return gained from cash waqf investments will be utilized for providing financial services by using PLS financing schemes and non-PLS financing schemes for SMEs.
Implications – The article is conceptual in nature, and the developed model has not been tested either through interviews or empirical testing. For further research, it is necessary to validate the model either through interviews or by developing hypotheses. Furthermore, the I-CWCM will be possible to set up Islamic social finance institutions, Islamic financial institutions, and Islamic microfinance institutions in a country with a majority Muslim population like Indonesia, especially in times of crisis such as Covid-19 outbreaks.
Originality – The originality of this study is the I-CWCM will include two important unit funds: (1) the reserve fund is for sustaining the cash waqf founder, and (2) the backup risk fund is for addressing any risk in business and non-business financing activities.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2023 Sulaeman, Abbiyu Muhamad Ghozali
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References
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- Mohammad, M. T. S. H. (2015). Theoretical and trustees’ perspectives on the establishment of an Islamic social (waqf) bank. Humanomics, 31(1), 37–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-05-2013-0032
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- Mollick, E. (2014). The dynamics of crowdfunding: An exploratory study. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.06.005
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References
Abdullah, R., & Ismail, A. G. (2017). Taking stock of the waqf-based Islamic microfinance model. International Journal of Social Economics, 44(8), 1018–1031. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-06-2015-0176
Achsien, I. H., & Purnamasari, D. L. (2016). Islamic crowd-funding as the next financial innovation in Islamic finance: Potential and anticipated regulation in Indonesia. EJIF-European Journal of Islamic Finance, (5), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.13135/2421-2172/1771
Allah Pitchay, A., Mohd Thas Thaker, M. A., Mydin, A. A., Azhar, Z., & Abdul Latiff, A. R. (2018). Cooperative- waqf model: A proposal to develop idle waqf lands in Malaysia. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 10(2), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-07-2017-0012
Antonio, M. S. (2001). Bank syariah dari teori ke praktik. Gema Insani.
Aziz, M. R., Johari, F., & Yusof, M. A. (2013). Cash waqf models for financing in education. 5th Islamic Economic System Conference: Proceedings of a Conference, 835–842. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257811881
Baber, H. (2019). Financial inclusion and FinTech. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 12(1), 24–42. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-12-2018-0131
Belleflamme, P., Lambert, T., & Schwienbacher, A. (2014). Crowdfunding: Tapping the right crowd. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(5), 585–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.07.003
Che Hassan, S. N. A., & Rahman, A. A. (2018). The potential of cash waqf in the socio-economic development of society in Kelantan: A stakeholder’s perspective. New Developments in Islamic Economics, 8(1), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-283-720181005.
Chen, K. (2018). Financial innovation and technology firms: A smart new world with machines. International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics, 25, 279–292. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1571-038620180000025012
Cizakca, M. (1995). Cash waqfs of Bursa, 1555-1823. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 38(3), 313–354. https://muslimheritage.com/uploads/cashwaqfs.pdf
Dresner, S. (2014). Crowdfunding: A guide to raising capital on the internet. John Wiley & Sons.
Gustani, & Ernawan, D. A. (2016a). Cash waqf as an alternative source of Islamic microfinance institution’s capital in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, 2(2), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.20885/jielariba.vol2.iss2.art2
Gustani, & Ernawan, D. A. (2016b). Wakaf tunai sebagai sumber alternatif permodalan lembaga keuangan mikro syariah di Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, 2(2), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.20885/jielariba.vol2.iss2.art2
Haneef, M. A., Huq, A., Mohammed, M. O., & Amin, F. B. (2013). Integration of waqf and Islamic microfinance for poverty reduction: A survey in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Finance, 2(2), 1–16. https://journals.iium.edu.my/iiibf-journal/index.php/jif/article/view/16
Harahap, B. A., Idham, P. B., Kusuma, A. C. M., & Rakhman, R. N. (2017). Perkembangan financial technology terkait central bank digital currency (CBDC) terhadap transmisi kebijakan moneter dan makroekonomi. Bank Indonesia, 2, 1–80. http://publication-bi.org/repec/idn/wpaper/WP022017.pdf
Hendratmi, A., Ryandono, M. N. H., & Sukmaningrum, P. S. (2019). Developing Islamic crowdfunding website platform for startup companies in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-02-2019-0022
Hidajat, T. (2019). Unethical practices peer-to-peer lending in Indonesia. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(1), 274–282. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-02-2019-0028
Hua, X., Huang, Y., & Zheng, Y. (2019). Current practices, new insights, and emerging trends of financial technologies. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 119(7), 1401–1410. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-08-2019-0431
Huda, N., Aliyadin,A., Suprayogi, A., Arbain, D.M., Aji, H., Utami., Andriyati, R., & Harmoyo, T. (2019). Keuangan publik Islam: Pendekatan teoritis dan sejarah (3rd ed.). Penadamedia Group.
Iman, A. H. M., & Mohammad, M. T. S. H. (2017). Waqf as a framework for entrepreneurship. Humanomics, 33(4), 419–440. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-01-2017-0015
Indrawan, I. W., & Herman, S. (2017). Integrated zakat and waqf model for refugees (IZWMR), proposal to improve livelihood of global refugees. 1–10. https://www.academia.edu/37451559/Integrated_Zakat_and_Waqf_Model_for_Refugees_IZWMR_Proposal_to_Improve_Livelihood_of_Global_Refugees
Kachkar, O. A. (2017). Towards the establishment of cash waqf microfinance fund for refugees. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 9(1), 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-07-2017-007
Lawton, K., & Marom, D. (2013). The crowd-funding revolution: How to raise venture capital using social media. McGraw-Hill.
Marzban, S., Asutay, M., & Boseli, A. (2014). Shariah-compliant crowd funding: An efficient framework for entrepreneurship development in Islamic countries. Harvard Islamic Finance Forum, 02(April), 272. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2696.1760
Mauluddin, M. I., & Rahman, A. A. (2018). Cash waqf from the perspective of majelis ulama Indonesia (MUI) and the scholars of Aceh: An analysis. New Developments in Islamic Economics, 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-283-720181004
Mohammad, M. T. S. H. (2011). Towards an Islamic social (waqf) Bank. International Journal of Trade, Economics, and Finance, 2(5), 381–386. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJTEF.2011.V2.135
Mohammad, M. T. S. H. (2015). Theoretical and trustees’ perspectives on the establishment of an Islamic social (waqf) bank. Humanomics, 31(1), 37–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-05-2013-0032
Mohsin, M. I. A. (2013). Financing through cash-waqf: A revitalization to finance different needs. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 6(4), 304–321. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-08-2013-0094
Mollick, E. (2014). The dynamics of crowdfunding: An exploratory study. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.06.005
Ninglasari, S. Y. (2021). Mapping the cash waqf literature based on web of science and VOSviewer: A bibliometric and visualization. Library Philosophy and Practice, 2021(April), 1–11. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/5558/
Oktarina, A., & Asnaini, A. (2018). Developing models of productive waqf masjid Agung Syuhada Yogyakarta. QIJIS: Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies, 6(1), 103. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v6i1.3719
Raimi, L., Patel, A., & Adelopo, I. (2014). Corporate social responsibility, waqf system and zakat system as faith-based model for poverty reduction. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 10(3), 228–242. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJEMSD-09-2013-0052
Ramdani. R. (2021). Systematic literature review on Islamic endowment funds (waqf) between the years 2016 to 2020. Library Philosophy and Practice, 5307 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/5307/
Ramos, J. (2015). Crowdfunding and the role of managers in ensuring the sustainability of crowdfunding platforms. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3925.6480
Saiti, B., Afghan, M., & Noordin, N. H. (2018). Financing agricultural activities in Afghanistan: A proposed salam-based crowdfunding structure. ISRA: International Journal of Islamic Finance, 10. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-09-2017-0029
Salampasis, D., & Mention, A.-L. (2018). FinTech: Harnessing innovation for financial inclusion. In Handbook of Blockchain, Digital Finance, and Inclusion, Volume 2 (pp. 451–461). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812282-2.00018-8
Sangwan, V., Harshita, H., Prakash, P., & Singh, S. (2019). Financial technology: A review of extant literature. Studies in Economics and Finance, 37(1), 71–88. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEF-07-2019-0270
Siswantoro, D., Rosdiana, H., & Fathurahman, H. (2018). Reconstructing accountability of the cash waqf (endowment) institution in Indonesia. Managerial Finance, 44(5), 624–644. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-05-2017-0188
Sitanggang, L. M. S. (2019). Punya potensi hingga Rp 77 triliun, BWI kaji penjaminan investasi wakaf uang. Kontan. https://keuangan.kontan.co.id/news/punya-potensi-hingga-rp-77-triliun-bwi-kaji-penjaminan-investasi-wakaf-uang?page=all
Suhaili, N. A., & Palil, M. R. (2016). Crowdfunding: A collaborative waqf based internet platform. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 11(5), 41–46. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318200553
Sulaeman. (2021). Factors determining behavioral intentions to use Islamic crowdfunding platform in times of Covid-19 in Indonesia: Evidence from TAM approach. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 7(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.20885/JEKI. vol7.iss1.art3
Sulaeman, S. (2020). A conceptual and empirical study on the development of the Islamic donation-based crowdfunding platform model for micro small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in times of Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Islamic Management, 2(2), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.20885/ajim.vol2.iss2.art4
Sulaeman, S., & Ninglasari, S. Y. (2020a). An empirical examination of factors influencing the behavioral intention to use zakat-based crowdfunding platform model for countering the adverse impact of Covid-19 on MSMEs in Indonesia. International Conference of Zakat, 203–218. https://doi.org/10.37706/iconz.2020.218
Sulaeman, S., & Ninglasari, S. Y. (2020b). Analyzing the behavioral intention factors in using zakat-based crowdfunding platform in Indonesia. International Journal of Zakat, 5(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v5i3.267
Sulaeman, S., & Wirawan, A. (2021). Ta’awuni-based micro insurance model bagi UMKM: Upaya mendukung perkembangan ekosistem industri halal pasca Covid-19 di Indonesia. An-Nisbah: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 8(1), 32–58. https://doi.org/10.21274/an.v8i1.3755
Sulaeman, S., Zubaidah, S., & Nur’atikah, T. (2022). Optimization of cash waqf linked sukuk (CWLS) for supporting Indonesia’s economic recovery post-Covid-19 era. Review of Islamic Social Finance and Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.20885/RISFE.vol1.iss2.art4
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