Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose – This research aims to discuss innovation in Islamic finance and banking products by analyzing organized banking Tawarruq as a sample of innovation. Innovation in Islamic finance is to provide Sharī῾ ah-compliant solutions for the actual needs of the industry. Studying organized banking Tawarruq was essential because it was a practical solution for cash financing as an alternative to ribā-based loans. This approach helped identify the challenges and opportunities for the development of Sharī῾ah structures and set innovation boundaries, goals, and impacts.
Methodology – This is an analytical qualitative study. It analyzed contemporary research papers from three major markets: Indonesia, Malaysia, and the GCC. The focus was on organized Tawarruq because its innovation was for liquidity and cash purposes, which is a vital matter for financing and a challenge for Islamic banks.
Findings – The organized Tawarruq and international Commodity Murābaḥah detailed applications may vary in different regions. There have been attempts to improve these shortcomings and provide a remedy to Sharī῾ah non-compliance. Standardizing pragmatic filters to avoid non-Sharī῾ah compliance and focus on moral and ethical guidelines is necessary to preserve the growth and reputation of Islamic finance. Integrating Islamic finance and Islamic social finance can create new opportunities for socially responsible innovations.
Implications – These calls for Islamic banks to invest more in innovation. Create R&D funds to provide innovative, viable, and Sharī῾ah compliant liquidity solutions.
Originality – Evaluating the organized Tawarruq and commodity Murābaḥah from an innovation perspective is a unique approach to learn from existing shortcomings and avoid reproducing the same mistakes.
Keywords
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References
- Abozaid, A. (2010). Contemporary Islamic financing modes between contract technicalities and sharῑ῾ah Objectives, Islamic Economic Studies 17(2), 55-75. http://iesjournal.org/english/Docs/069.pdf
- Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI). (2017). Shariʽah Standards. Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain. https://aaoifi.com/shariaa-standards/?lang=en
- Adaletey, E. J., & Dutta, T. K. (2019). Factors considered by Islamic banks when designing Islamic banking products/services. Case study of selected Islamic banks in Malaysia. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 21(4), 61-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/487X-2104036168
- Ahmad, Z., Zahir, F., Usman, A. M., Muneeza, A., & Mustapha, Z. (2020). An exploratory study on the possibility of replacing Tawarruq based Islamic banking products using other alternatives. International Journal of Management and Applied Research, 7(2), 147-164. https://doi.org/10.18646/2056.72.20-011
- Ahmed, H., & Mohammad, A. (2014). Debate on Tawarruq: Historical discourse and current rulings. Arab Law Quarterly, 28(3), 278-294. https://doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12341282
- Ali, M. A., & Hussain, T. (2021). Islamic banking products, services and objectives: Perspectives of Shariah supervisors and regulators. International Review of Management and Business Research, 10(1), 247-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.30543/10-1(2021)-21
- Al-Mubarak, T., & Osmani, N. M. (2010). Applications of maqasid al-Shari’ah and maslahah in Islamic banking practices: An analysis. In International Seminar on Islamic Finance in India (Vol. 4, No. 6). http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3578.0644
- Aprianto, N. E. K., & Nazilah, I. R. (2023). Analysis of the concept of Tawarruq in the perspective of sharia economic law. el-Uqud: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 1(1), 47-59. https://doi.org/10.24090/eluqud.v1i1.7718
- Askar, M. (2013). Maqasid al Sharī῾ah fi al muamalat al islamiyyah inda ibn Taymiyyah wa atharaha fil Ahkam al fiqhiyyah wa an nawazil al maliyyah al muasirah [Doctoral dissertation]. King Abdul Aziz University
- Aziz, M. R. A., & Noh, M. S. M. (2014). The role of five major Shari’ah legal maxims (Al-Qawa‘id Al-Kubra) in the establishment of maqasid Al-Shari’ah in Islamic financial products: A discussion on some cases. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(10), 63-70. https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/view/11964/12298
- Blaikie, N. (2000). Designing social research. Cambridge: Polity Press
- Dewaya, M. A. (2024). Assessment of Maqāṣid al Sharī’ah in Sharī῾ah contracts employed in selected Islamic banks [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)
- Dusuki, A. W. (2007). Commodity murabahah programme (CMP): An innovative approach to liquidity management. Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance. https://iaif.ir/images/khareji/articles/other/26.pdf
- Fisol, W. N. M., Radzi, N. Z. M., & Othman, Y. (2017). The engineering of Islamic legal opinion (Ijtihad) on the Maqasid Al-Shariah development in the assessment of Islamic financial products. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(4), 945-956. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i4/2904
- Ghazali, N. M., Sawari, M. F. M., Ghalia, B., & Alhabshi, S. M. S. J. (2023). Ḥīlah of Tawarruq: A fundamental analysis of its adaptation in Islamic financial services. International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh Studies, 7(2), 60-74. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijfus.v7i2.303
- Haron, R. & Mohamed Barre, G. (2023), Application of tawarruq in Islamic banking institutions in Somalia, Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 15(5), 888-906. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-02-2022-0028
- Ibn Taimiyyah, Ahmad Ibn Abd al Ḥalīm. (2004). Majmū’ Fatāwā Syaikh al-Islām Aḥmad ibn Taimiyyah. Maṭābi ‘al-Riyāḍ.
- Jarhi, M. A. (2016). Islamic finance at the crossroads. The 11th International Conference on Islamic Economics and Finance, 11-13 October, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/88555/1/MPRA_paper_88555.pdf
- Mat, I., & Ismail, Y. (2008) A review of Fiqh al-Muamalat subjects in economics and related programs at International Islamic University Malaysia and University of Brunei Darussalam. In: The 7th International Conference in Islamic Economics, 1-3 April 2008, King Abdulaziz University. http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/24426
- Maulina R, Dhewanto W, & Faturohman T. (2023). The integration of Islamic social and commercial finance (IISCF): Systematic literature review, bibliometric analysis, conceptual framework, and future research opportunities. Heliyon. 10;9(11): e21612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21612
- Mohamad, N., & Ab Rahman, A. (2014). Tawarruq application in Islamic banking: A review of the literature. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 7(4), 485-501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-10-2013-0106
- Roslan, M. F., Bamahriz, O., Muneeza, A., Chu, J., Mustapha, Z., & Ahmad, M. Z. (2020). Application of tawarruq in Islamic banking in Malaysia: Towards smart tawarruq. International Journal of Management and Applied Research, 7(2), 104-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.18646/2056.72.20-008
- Sālūs, A. A. (2010). Idarat al Suyula fi al Maṣarif al Islamiyyah. Islamic World League, Fiqhi Council, 20th meeting of the Fiqh Council, Makkah.
- Ṣiddīqī, Muhammad Najjatullah. (2007). Economics of Tawarruq: How its mafasid overwhelm the masalih. In Tawarruq Seminar organised by the Harvard Islamic Finance Programme, at London School of Economics, London, UK on (Vol. 1). https://www.iefpedia.com/english/?p=765
- Ṣiddīqī, M. N. (2009). Maqāṣid-e Shari`at (Objectives of the Sharī‘ah), Markazi Maktabah-e-Islami, New Delhi.
- Siswantoro, S, & Ikhwan, I. (2024). Does Islamic social finance promote the quality of human resources? Review of Islamic Social Finance and Entrepreneurship, 3(1), 20-35. https://doi.org/10.20885/RISFE.vol3.iss1.art2
- Soualhi, Y. (2015). Application of Sharī‘ah contracts in contemporary Islamic finance: A maqāṣid perspective. Intellectual Discourse, 23. https://doi.org/10.31436/id.v23i0.689
- Suwailem, S. (2009). Qaḍāyā fī al-iqtiṣād wa-al-tamwīl al-Islāmī. Dār Kunūz Ishbilyah. Riyadh. KSA.
- Syahmi, M. I., Mohamad, M. T., & Ramli, M. A. (2022). Experts' views on ḥiyal in Malaysian Islamic banks: The case of Tawarruq-based deposit products. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 14(3), 289-302. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-02-2021-0042
- ‘Usmānī, M. T. (2008). Sukuk and their contemporary applications. AAOIFI Shari’ah Council meeting, Saudi Arabia. https://www.iefpedia.com/english/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/Sukuk-and-their-Contemporary-Applications.pdf
- Yusoff, A. F., Ahmad, A. A., & Ghani, N. A. R. N. A. (2019). Classical Tawarruq: A potential alternative to baiʿ al-ʿīnah in the Malaysian banking and finance industries. Arab Law Quarterly, 33(4), 400–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12330401
- Yusoff, A. F. J., & Yahayab, M. Z. (2020). Innovations of Islamic personal financing mechanisms in Malaysia. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 14(9), 797–813. https://www.ijicc.net/images/Vol_14/Iss_9/14946_Yusoff_2020_E1_R.pdf
References
Abozaid, A. (2010). Contemporary Islamic financing modes between contract technicalities and sharῑ῾ah Objectives, Islamic Economic Studies 17(2), 55-75. http://iesjournal.org/english/Docs/069.pdf
Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI). (2017). Shariʽah Standards. Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain. https://aaoifi.com/shariaa-standards/?lang=en
Adaletey, E. J., & Dutta, T. K. (2019). Factors considered by Islamic banks when designing Islamic banking products/services. Case study of selected Islamic banks in Malaysia. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 21(4), 61-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/487X-2104036168
Ahmad, Z., Zahir, F., Usman, A. M., Muneeza, A., & Mustapha, Z. (2020). An exploratory study on the possibility of replacing Tawarruq based Islamic banking products using other alternatives. International Journal of Management and Applied Research, 7(2), 147-164. https://doi.org/10.18646/2056.72.20-011
Ahmed, H., & Mohammad, A. (2014). Debate on Tawarruq: Historical discourse and current rulings. Arab Law Quarterly, 28(3), 278-294. https://doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12341282
Ali, M. A., & Hussain, T. (2021). Islamic banking products, services and objectives: Perspectives of Shariah supervisors and regulators. International Review of Management and Business Research, 10(1), 247-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.30543/10-1(2021)-21
Al-Mubarak, T., & Osmani, N. M. (2010). Applications of maqasid al-Shari’ah and maslahah in Islamic banking practices: An analysis. In International Seminar on Islamic Finance in India (Vol. 4, No. 6). http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3578.0644
Aprianto, N. E. K., & Nazilah, I. R. (2023). Analysis of the concept of Tawarruq in the perspective of sharia economic law. el-Uqud: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 1(1), 47-59. https://doi.org/10.24090/eluqud.v1i1.7718
Askar, M. (2013). Maqasid al Sharī῾ah fi al muamalat al islamiyyah inda ibn Taymiyyah wa atharaha fil Ahkam al fiqhiyyah wa an nawazil al maliyyah al muasirah [Doctoral dissertation]. King Abdul Aziz University
Aziz, M. R. A., & Noh, M. S. M. (2014). The role of five major Shari’ah legal maxims (Al-Qawa‘id Al-Kubra) in the establishment of maqasid Al-Shari’ah in Islamic financial products: A discussion on some cases. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(10), 63-70. https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/view/11964/12298
Blaikie, N. (2000). Designing social research. Cambridge: Polity Press
Dewaya, M. A. (2024). Assessment of Maqāṣid al Sharī’ah in Sharī῾ah contracts employed in selected Islamic banks [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)
Dusuki, A. W. (2007). Commodity murabahah programme (CMP): An innovative approach to liquidity management. Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance. https://iaif.ir/images/khareji/articles/other/26.pdf
Fisol, W. N. M., Radzi, N. Z. M., & Othman, Y. (2017). The engineering of Islamic legal opinion (Ijtihad) on the Maqasid Al-Shariah development in the assessment of Islamic financial products. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(4), 945-956. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i4/2904
Ghazali, N. M., Sawari, M. F. M., Ghalia, B., & Alhabshi, S. M. S. J. (2023). Ḥīlah of Tawarruq: A fundamental analysis of its adaptation in Islamic financial services. International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh Studies, 7(2), 60-74. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijfus.v7i2.303
Haron, R. & Mohamed Barre, G. (2023), Application of tawarruq in Islamic banking institutions in Somalia, Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 15(5), 888-906. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-02-2022-0028
Ibn Taimiyyah, Ahmad Ibn Abd al Ḥalīm. (2004). Majmū’ Fatāwā Syaikh al-Islām Aḥmad ibn Taimiyyah. Maṭābi ‘al-Riyāḍ.
Jarhi, M. A. (2016). Islamic finance at the crossroads. The 11th International Conference on Islamic Economics and Finance, 11-13 October, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/88555/1/MPRA_paper_88555.pdf
Mat, I., & Ismail, Y. (2008) A review of Fiqh al-Muamalat subjects in economics and related programs at International Islamic University Malaysia and University of Brunei Darussalam. In: The 7th International Conference in Islamic Economics, 1-3 April 2008, King Abdulaziz University. http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/24426
Maulina R, Dhewanto W, & Faturohman T. (2023). The integration of Islamic social and commercial finance (IISCF): Systematic literature review, bibliometric analysis, conceptual framework, and future research opportunities. Heliyon. 10;9(11): e21612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21612
Mohamad, N., & Ab Rahman, A. (2014). Tawarruq application in Islamic banking: A review of the literature. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 7(4), 485-501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-10-2013-0106
Roslan, M. F., Bamahriz, O., Muneeza, A., Chu, J., Mustapha, Z., & Ahmad, M. Z. (2020). Application of tawarruq in Islamic banking in Malaysia: Towards smart tawarruq. International Journal of Management and Applied Research, 7(2), 104-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.18646/2056.72.20-008
Sālūs, A. A. (2010). Idarat al Suyula fi al Maṣarif al Islamiyyah. Islamic World League, Fiqhi Council, 20th meeting of the Fiqh Council, Makkah.
Ṣiddīqī, Muhammad Najjatullah. (2007). Economics of Tawarruq: How its mafasid overwhelm the masalih. In Tawarruq Seminar organised by the Harvard Islamic Finance Programme, at London School of Economics, London, UK on (Vol. 1). https://www.iefpedia.com/english/?p=765
Ṣiddīqī, M. N. (2009). Maqāṣid-e Shari`at (Objectives of the Sharī‘ah), Markazi Maktabah-e-Islami, New Delhi.
Siswantoro, S, & Ikhwan, I. (2024). Does Islamic social finance promote the quality of human resources? Review of Islamic Social Finance and Entrepreneurship, 3(1), 20-35. https://doi.org/10.20885/RISFE.vol3.iss1.art2
Soualhi, Y. (2015). Application of Sharī‘ah contracts in contemporary Islamic finance: A maqāṣid perspective. Intellectual Discourse, 23. https://doi.org/10.31436/id.v23i0.689
Suwailem, S. (2009). Qaḍāyā fī al-iqtiṣād wa-al-tamwīl al-Islāmī. Dār Kunūz Ishbilyah. Riyadh. KSA.
Syahmi, M. I., Mohamad, M. T., & Ramli, M. A. (2022). Experts' views on ḥiyal in Malaysian Islamic banks: The case of Tawarruq-based deposit products. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 14(3), 289-302. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-02-2021-0042
‘Usmānī, M. T. (2008). Sukuk and their contemporary applications. AAOIFI Shari’ah Council meeting, Saudi Arabia. https://www.iefpedia.com/english/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/Sukuk-and-their-Contemporary-Applications.pdf
Yusoff, A. F., Ahmad, A. A., & Ghani, N. A. R. N. A. (2019). Classical Tawarruq: A potential alternative to baiʿ al-ʿīnah in the Malaysian banking and finance industries. Arab Law Quarterly, 33(4), 400–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12330401
Yusoff, A. F. J., & Yahayab, M. Z. (2020). Innovations of Islamic personal financing mechanisms in Malaysia. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 14(9), 797–813. https://www.ijicc.net/images/Vol_14/Iss_9/14946_Yusoff_2020_E1_R.pdf