Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose – This study aimed to formulate a conceptual framework to investigate the influence of attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, financial risk, social risk, and security risk on the intention to use halal toiletries among Gen Z consumers in West Java.
Methodology – Purposive sampling was used in this study. The respondents were 400 Gen Z Muslims residing in West Java Province. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS).
Findings – Variables from the Theory of Planned Behavior (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) positively influenced the intention to use halal toiletries. Financial, social, and security risks negatively impact Gen Z consumers' intentions to use halal toiletries.
Implications – Halal toiletries should focus on enhancing product performance to receive positive consumer feedback and increase interest. Additionally, they need to promote community engagement; improve product accessibility and user-friendliness; and address security, social, and financial risks to effectively boost consumer intention.
Originality – This research integrates components of risk perception with the Theory to create a comprehensive framework for understanding Gen Z’s intention to use halal toiletries. It contributes to the literature by highlighting how specific types of risks impact consumer intentions and offers actionable recommendations for the halal toiletries industry based on empirical evidence.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Listia Andani, Mayang Bundo, Arroyyan Ramly
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References
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- Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
- Almousa, M. (2011). Perceived risk in apparel online shopping: A multi dimensional perspective. Canadian Social Science, 7(2), 23–31. http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/css/article/view/j.css.1923669720110702.003
- Ariffin, S. K., Mohan, T., & Goh, Y. N. (2018). Influence of consumers’ perceived risk on consumers’ online purchase intention. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 12(3), 309–327. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-11-2017-0100
- Barbera, F. La, & Ajzen, I. (2020). Control interactions in the theory of planned behavior: Rethinking the role of subjective norm. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 16(3), 401–417. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i3.2056
- Bunda, C. A. P., Faqihuddin, & Jatnika, M. D. (2024). Minat beli green cosmetics halal generasi milenial: Peran green trust dan customer engagement. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 10(2). 1675-1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v10i2.13628
- Chin, W. W. (2010). Handbook of partial least squares. In Handbook of Partial Least Squares. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8
- Cosa, M. (2024). Business digital transformation: Strategy adaptation, communication and future agenda. Journal of Strategy and Management, 17(2), 244-259. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-09-2023-0233
- Djajadiwangsa, K. P., & Alversia, Y. (2022). Sustainable beauty: Pengaruh eco-label, product attributes, perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE), dan environmental awareness terhadap green purchase behavior. INOBIS: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis dan Manajemen Indonesia, 6(1), 121–137. https://doi.org/10.31842/jurnalinobis.v6i1.263
- Fadare, O. A., Ibrahim, M. B., & Edogbanya, A. (2016). A survey on perceived risk and intention of adopting internet banking. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 21(1), 1–21. https://www.icommercecentral.com/open-access/a-survey-on-perceived-risk-and-intention-of-adopting-internet-banking.pdf
- Global Data. (2020). Malaysia’s cosmetics & toiletries industry to grow at a CAGR of 2.8% through 2019-2024. GlobalData. https://www.globaldata.com/media/consumer/malaysias-cosmetics-toiletries-industry-grow-cagr-2-8-2019-24-says-globaldata/
- Godin, G., & Kok, G. (1996). The theory of planned behavior: A review of its applications to health-related behaviors. American Journal of Health Promotion, 11(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-11.2.87
- Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
- Hakim, I. N. (2019). Media promosi yang ramah wisatawan milenial millennial tourist friendly promotional media. Jurnal Kepariwisataan Indonesia, 13(2), 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47608/jki.v13i22019.1-23
- Hanizal, S., & Darmawan, A. (2023). The analysis of factors affecting the intention to use mobile payment in the polytechnic student of Batam. Journal of Applied Managerial Accounting, 7(1), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.30871/jama.v7i1.4610
- Hartoyo, Y. N., & Sutarso, Y. (2024). Mengungkap peran norma subjektif, cinta merek, dan advokasi merek terhadap niat beli: Studi pada pembelian online saat Even Harbolnas. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 13(2), 221–240. https://doi.org/10.32502/jimn.v13i2.7125
- Hasan, H. N., & Suciarto, S. (2020). The influence of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control towards organic food purchase intention. Journal of Management and Business Environment (JMBE), 1(2), 132. https://doi.org/10.24167/jmbe.v1i2.2260
- Hidayatullah, B. S., & Winduwati, S. (2023). Selektivitas gen Z dalam memilih media informasi di instagram (Studi kasus mahasiswa di Jakarta). Prologia, 7(2), 398–406. https://doi.org/10.24912/pr.v7i2.21430
- Huriah, T., Permana, I., Octavia, M., & Abdul Hamid, S. H. B. (2022). Understanding the purchasing behaviors of halal cosmetics of teenagers in Indonesia using the theory of planned behavior and theory of consumption value. Bali Medical Journal, 11(3), 1608–1613. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i3.3704
- Irfany, M.I., Khairunnisa, Y. & Tieman, M. (2024), Factors influencing Muslim Generation Z consumers’ purchase intention of environmentally friendly halal cosmetic products, Journal of Islamic Marketing, 15(1), 221-243. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-07-2022-0202
- Iranmanesh, M., Mirzaei, M., Parvin Hosseini, S. M., & Zailani, S. (2020). Muslims’ willingness to pay for certified halal food: an extension of the theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(1), 14–30. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-03-2018-0049
- Jatnika, M. D., Friantoro, D., Muhammad, M., Iskandar, I., & Alikhan, L. U. R. L. (2024). Intention to use Islamic fintech among MSMEs: Knowledge of sharia prohibition approach. Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Bung Hatta, 19(1), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.37301/jmubh.v19i1.24443
- Ko, H., Jung, J., Kim, J., & Shim, S. W. (2004). Cross-cultural differences in perceived risk of online shopping. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 4(2), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2004.10722084
- Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2010). Manajemen pemasaran. Erlangga.
- Masood, A. & Zaidi, A. (2023). Empowerment of SME’s sustainability in halal cosmetics’ ecosystem by diagnosing growth constraints, Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(2), 622-644. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-12-2020-0371
- Maziriri, E. T., & Chuchu, T. (2017). International review of management and marketing the conception of consumer perceived risk towards online purchases of apparel and an idiosyncratic scrutiny of perceived social risk: A review of literature. International Review of Management and Marketing, 7(3), 257–265. https://econjournals.com/index.php/irmm/article/view/4756
- Nasution, I., Lubis, M. S., Yuniarti, R., & Munandar, H. (2022). Perbandingan aktivitas anti bakteri produk pasaran sediaan toiletries yang mengandung ekstrak daun Sirih. FARMASAINKES: Jurnal Farmasi, Sains, dan Kesehatan, 2(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.32696/fjfsk.v2i1.1368
- Nora, L., & Sriminarti, N. (2023). The determinants of purchase intention halal products: The moderating role of religiosity. Journal of Consumer Sciences, 8(2), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.29244/jcs.8.2.220-233
- Nugraheni, I. A. P., Nugraha, B. S., Yuda, N. P., & Pancawati, N. (2019). Persepsi generasi milenial Indonesia terhadap pariwisata yang berkelanjutan. Jurnal Kepariwisataan, 13(1), 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47256/kji.v13i1.77
- Oglethorpe, J. E., & Monroe, K. B. (1994). Determinants of perceived health and safety risks of selected hazardous products and activities. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 28(2), 326–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.1994.tb00855.x
- Orientani, R., & Kurniawati, M. (2021). Factors influencing intention to use SPayLater in Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 8(2), 285–294. https://doi.org/10.33096/jmb.v8i2.842
- Pelaez, A., Chen, C. W., & Chen, Y. X. (2019). Effects of perceived risk on intention to purchase: A meta-analysis. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 59(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2017.1300514
- Pratiwi, I. E. (2018). Halal food and young muslims’ purchase intention in Indonesia (Case study in Jayapura, Papua Province). International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 4(3), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.25272/ijisef.393128
- Purwianti, L. (2021). Pengaruh religiostik, EWOM, brand image dan attitude terhadap purchase intention. Jurnal Ecodemica: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Bisnis, 5(1), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.31294/jeco.v5i1.9284
- Rainer, P. (2023). Sensus BPS: Saat ini Indonesia didominasi oleh Gen Z. GoodStats. https://data.goodstats.id/statistic/sensus-bps-saat-ini-indonesia-didominasi-oleh-gen-z-n9kqv
- Santoso, S. (2021). Relationship between social media, organizational support, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control to form entrepreneurial intention. Expert Journal of Business and Management, 9(1), 1–10. http://business.expertjournals.com
- Saputra, I. A. G., Soewarno, N., & Isnalita. (2019). Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan pembelian generasi Z pada kegiatan bisnis berbasis E-commerce. Journal of Research and Application: Accounting and Management, 4(1), 32–51. https://doi.org/10.18382/jraam.v4i1.003
- Schierz, P. G., Schilke, O., & Wirtz, B. W. (2010). Understanding consumer acceptance of mobile payment services: An empirical analysis. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 9(3), 209–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2009.07.005
- Shang, Q., Pei, G., & Jin, J. (2017). My friends have a word for it: Event-related potentials evidence of how social risk inhibits purchase intention. Neuroscience Letters, 643, 70–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2017.02.023
- Sodawan, A, & Hsu, R. L-W. (2022). Halal-friendly attributes and muslims’ visit intention: exploring the roles of perceived value and destination trust, Sustainability 14(19: 12002). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912002
- Wijaya, I. G. N. S., & Ekayasa, M. D. (2022). Perilaku keputusan pembelian generasi Y dan Z dalam penggunaan E-Commerce di masa pasca pandemi. Jurnal Nusantara Aplikasi Manajemen Bisnis, 7(2), 338–357. https://doi.org/10.29407/nusamba.v7i2.18357
References
Adinugraha, H. H., Happy, F., Ma’ruf, H., & Wahid, M. I. A. (2022). Peran remaja milenial terhadap transformasi desa wisata religi menuju desa wisata halal studi di desa Rogoselo. Al-Intaj Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah, 8(1), 287–294. https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2020.10.039
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Almousa, M. (2011). Perceived risk in apparel online shopping: A multi dimensional perspective. Canadian Social Science, 7(2), 23–31. http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/css/article/view/j.css.1923669720110702.003
Ariffin, S. K., Mohan, T., & Goh, Y. N. (2018). Influence of consumers’ perceived risk on consumers’ online purchase intention. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 12(3), 309–327. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-11-2017-0100
Barbera, F. La, & Ajzen, I. (2020). Control interactions in the theory of planned behavior: Rethinking the role of subjective norm. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 16(3), 401–417. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i3.2056
Bunda, C. A. P., Faqihuddin, & Jatnika, M. D. (2024). Minat beli green cosmetics halal generasi milenial: Peran green trust dan customer engagement. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 10(2). 1675-1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v10i2.13628
Chin, W. W. (2010). Handbook of partial least squares. In Handbook of Partial Least Squares. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8
Cosa, M. (2024). Business digital transformation: Strategy adaptation, communication and future agenda. Journal of Strategy and Management, 17(2), 244-259. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-09-2023-0233
Djajadiwangsa, K. P., & Alversia, Y. (2022). Sustainable beauty: Pengaruh eco-label, product attributes, perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE), dan environmental awareness terhadap green purchase behavior. INOBIS: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis dan Manajemen Indonesia, 6(1), 121–137. https://doi.org/10.31842/jurnalinobis.v6i1.263
Fadare, O. A., Ibrahim, M. B., & Edogbanya, A. (2016). A survey on perceived risk and intention of adopting internet banking. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 21(1), 1–21. https://www.icommercecentral.com/open-access/a-survey-on-perceived-risk-and-intention-of-adopting-internet-banking.pdf
Global Data. (2020). Malaysia’s cosmetics & toiletries industry to grow at a CAGR of 2.8% through 2019-2024. GlobalData. https://www.globaldata.com/media/consumer/malaysias-cosmetics-toiletries-industry-grow-cagr-2-8-2019-24-says-globaldata/
Godin, G., & Kok, G. (1996). The theory of planned behavior: A review of its applications to health-related behaviors. American Journal of Health Promotion, 11(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-11.2.87
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
Hakim, I. N. (2019). Media promosi yang ramah wisatawan milenial millennial tourist friendly promotional media. Jurnal Kepariwisataan Indonesia, 13(2), 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47608/jki.v13i22019.1-23
Hanizal, S., & Darmawan, A. (2023). The analysis of factors affecting the intention to use mobile payment in the polytechnic student of Batam. Journal of Applied Managerial Accounting, 7(1), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.30871/jama.v7i1.4610
Hartoyo, Y. N., & Sutarso, Y. (2024). Mengungkap peran norma subjektif, cinta merek, dan advokasi merek terhadap niat beli: Studi pada pembelian online saat Even Harbolnas. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 13(2), 221–240. https://doi.org/10.32502/jimn.v13i2.7125
Hasan, H. N., & Suciarto, S. (2020). The influence of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control towards organic food purchase intention. Journal of Management and Business Environment (JMBE), 1(2), 132. https://doi.org/10.24167/jmbe.v1i2.2260
Hidayatullah, B. S., & Winduwati, S. (2023). Selektivitas gen Z dalam memilih media informasi di instagram (Studi kasus mahasiswa di Jakarta). Prologia, 7(2), 398–406. https://doi.org/10.24912/pr.v7i2.21430
Huriah, T., Permana, I., Octavia, M., & Abdul Hamid, S. H. B. (2022). Understanding the purchasing behaviors of halal cosmetics of teenagers in Indonesia using the theory of planned behavior and theory of consumption value. Bali Medical Journal, 11(3), 1608–1613. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i3.3704
Irfany, M.I., Khairunnisa, Y. & Tieman, M. (2024), Factors influencing Muslim Generation Z consumers’ purchase intention of environmentally friendly halal cosmetic products, Journal of Islamic Marketing, 15(1), 221-243. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-07-2022-0202
Iranmanesh, M., Mirzaei, M., Parvin Hosseini, S. M., & Zailani, S. (2020). Muslims’ willingness to pay for certified halal food: an extension of the theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(1), 14–30. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-03-2018-0049
Jatnika, M. D., Friantoro, D., Muhammad, M., Iskandar, I., & Alikhan, L. U. R. L. (2024). Intention to use Islamic fintech among MSMEs: Knowledge of sharia prohibition approach. Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Bung Hatta, 19(1), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.37301/jmubh.v19i1.24443
Ko, H., Jung, J., Kim, J., & Shim, S. W. (2004). Cross-cultural differences in perceived risk of online shopping. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 4(2), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2004.10722084
Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2010). Manajemen pemasaran. Erlangga.
Masood, A. & Zaidi, A. (2023). Empowerment of SME’s sustainability in halal cosmetics’ ecosystem by diagnosing growth constraints, Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(2), 622-644. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-12-2020-0371
Maziriri, E. T., & Chuchu, T. (2017). International review of management and marketing the conception of consumer perceived risk towards online purchases of apparel and an idiosyncratic scrutiny of perceived social risk: A review of literature. International Review of Management and Marketing, 7(3), 257–265. https://econjournals.com/index.php/irmm/article/view/4756
Nasution, I., Lubis, M. S., Yuniarti, R., & Munandar, H. (2022). Perbandingan aktivitas anti bakteri produk pasaran sediaan toiletries yang mengandung ekstrak daun Sirih. FARMASAINKES: Jurnal Farmasi, Sains, dan Kesehatan, 2(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.32696/fjfsk.v2i1.1368
Nora, L., & Sriminarti, N. (2023). The determinants of purchase intention halal products: The moderating role of religiosity. Journal of Consumer Sciences, 8(2), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.29244/jcs.8.2.220-233
Nugraheni, I. A. P., Nugraha, B. S., Yuda, N. P., & Pancawati, N. (2019). Persepsi generasi milenial Indonesia terhadap pariwisata yang berkelanjutan. Jurnal Kepariwisataan, 13(1), 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47256/kji.v13i1.77
Oglethorpe, J. E., & Monroe, K. B. (1994). Determinants of perceived health and safety risks of selected hazardous products and activities. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 28(2), 326–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.1994.tb00855.x
Orientani, R., & Kurniawati, M. (2021). Factors influencing intention to use SPayLater in Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 8(2), 285–294. https://doi.org/10.33096/jmb.v8i2.842
Pelaez, A., Chen, C. W., & Chen, Y. X. (2019). Effects of perceived risk on intention to purchase: A meta-analysis. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 59(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2017.1300514
Pratiwi, I. E. (2018). Halal food and young muslims’ purchase intention in Indonesia (Case study in Jayapura, Papua Province). International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 4(3), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.25272/ijisef.393128
Purwianti, L. (2021). Pengaruh religiostik, EWOM, brand image dan attitude terhadap purchase intention. Jurnal Ecodemica: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Bisnis, 5(1), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.31294/jeco.v5i1.9284
Rainer, P. (2023). Sensus BPS: Saat ini Indonesia didominasi oleh Gen Z. GoodStats. https://data.goodstats.id/statistic/sensus-bps-saat-ini-indonesia-didominasi-oleh-gen-z-n9kqv
Santoso, S. (2021). Relationship between social media, organizational support, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control to form entrepreneurial intention. Expert Journal of Business and Management, 9(1), 1–10. http://business.expertjournals.com
Saputra, I. A. G., Soewarno, N., & Isnalita. (2019). Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan pembelian generasi Z pada kegiatan bisnis berbasis E-commerce. Journal of Research and Application: Accounting and Management, 4(1), 32–51. https://doi.org/10.18382/jraam.v4i1.003
Schierz, P. G., Schilke, O., & Wirtz, B. W. (2010). Understanding consumer acceptance of mobile payment services: An empirical analysis. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 9(3), 209–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2009.07.005
Shang, Q., Pei, G., & Jin, J. (2017). My friends have a word for it: Event-related potentials evidence of how social risk inhibits purchase intention. Neuroscience Letters, 643, 70–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2017.02.023
Sodawan, A, & Hsu, R. L-W. (2022). Halal-friendly attributes and muslims’ visit intention: exploring the roles of perceived value and destination trust, Sustainability 14(19: 12002). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912002
Wijaya, I. G. N. S., & Ekayasa, M. D. (2022). Perilaku keputusan pembelian generasi Y dan Z dalam penggunaan E-Commerce di masa pasca pandemi. Jurnal Nusantara Aplikasi Manajemen Bisnis, 7(2), 338–357. https://doi.org/10.29407/nusamba.v7i2.18357