Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose – This study aims to analyze the contribution of Islamic economics using various instruments to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Methodology – This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study approach, with reference to various studies.
Findings – This study found a close correlation and relevance between maqashid sharia as a goal of Islamic economics and the goals stated in the SDGs. In addition, it is concluded that the balance between commercial and social aspects in the Islamic economy is significant in sustainable development, which is manifested as a real contribution to the realization of the SDGs through the Islamic finance and banking sectors, as well as the Islamic social finance sector.
Implications – It is recommended that the government optimize the management of various Sharia economic instruments to accelerate the achievement of the SDGs.
Originality – This study emphasizes the suitability of the aim of the Islamic economic system to realize the achievement of the main maqashid sharia, namely maslahat, with the goals stated in the SDGs. It explores the contribution of the Islamic economic system in realizing sustainable development.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2025 Ade Nur Rohim, Fitri Yetty

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References
- Abdullah, M. (2018). Waqf, sustainable development goals (SDGs) and maqasid al-shariah. International Journal of Social Economics, 45(1), 158–172. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-10-2016-0295
- Ahmad, N., & Hanapi, M. S. (2018). Maqasid al-syariah thought in mainstream Islamic economics: A review. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(4), 626–636.https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i4/4038
- Amalia, R. Y., Nurwahidin, N., & Huda, N. (2020). Role of zakat in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Indonesia. International Journal of Zakat and Islamic Philanthropy, 2(2), 199–204. https://baitalzakat.com/files/english-files/baitalzakat.com-E100226.pdf
- Anwar, S. M., Junaidi, Salju, Wicaksono, R., & Mispiyanti. (2020). Islamic bank contribution to Indonesian economic growth. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 13(3), 519–532. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-02-2018-0071
- Arif, W., Habbe, A. H., Rasyid, S., & Madein, A. (2025). Intellectual capital and maqashid sharia performance of Islamic banking in Indonesia: The moderate of Islamic sustainable development goals (SDGs). Journal of Lifestyle and SDG’s Review, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730X.SDGsReview.v5.n02.pe03850
- Ascarya, A. (2023). Developing cash waqf models for Baitul Maal wat Tamwil as integrated Islamic social and commercial microfinance. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 14(5), 699–717. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-09-2020-0267
- Asmalia, S., Kasri, R. A., & Ahsan, A. (2018). Exploring the potential of zakah for supporting realization of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Indonesia. International Journal of Zakat, Special Issue on Zakat Conference, 51–69. https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v3i4.106
- Ayyubi, S. El, & Saputri, H. E. (2018). Analysis of the impact of zakat, infak, and sadaqah distribution on poverty alleviation based on the CIBEST model (Case study: Jogokariyan Baitul Maal Mosque, Yogyakarta). International Journal of Zakat, 3(2), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v3i2.80
- Basrowi, B., & Zaki, M. (2020). Manajemen harta dalam Islam dari perspektif hadits. Jurnal Syarikah: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 6(2), 160–170. https://doi.org/10.30997/jsei.v6i2.1833
- Campra, M., Brescia, V., Jafari-Sadeghi, V., & Calandra, D. (2021). Islamic countries and maqasid al-shariah towards the circular economy: The Dubai case study. European Journal of Islamic Finance, 17, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.13135/2421-2172/4560
- Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Djebali, N., & Zaghdoudi, K. (2020). Testing the governance-performance relationship for the Tunisian banks: a GMM in system analysis. Financial Innovation, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-020-00182-5
- Ibrahim, S. S. (2023). Waqf integrated income generating model (WIIGM) for enhancing sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Malaysia: An evaluation of behavioural intention. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 39(4), 841–858. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-02-2022-0030
- Ismail, A. G., & Shaikh, S. A. (2017a). Role of Islamic economics and finance in sustainable development goals: Innovative Islamic finance proposals for an egalitarian financial system (IESTC Working Paper Series, 5). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.14806.09288
- Ismail, A. G., & Shaikh, S. A. (2017b). Where is the place for zakat in sustainable development goals? (IESTC Working Paper, 4).
- Isman, Zaim, M. A., & Eldeen, A. B. (2024). Maqashid sharia and harmonizing law in Indonesia: Impact for SDGs global context. In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control (Vol. 517, pp. 745–759). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50939-1_60
- Katsir, A. F. I. I. (2008). Tafsīr al-Qur`an al-’Aẓīm. Dār al-’Aqīdah.
- Khan, T. (2019). Reforming Islamic finance for achieving sustainable development goals. Journal of King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics, 32(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.4197/Islec.32-1.1
- Kholish, N., Purwanto, M. R., Supriadi, Mukharrom, T., & Marazi, H. (2020). The significance of maqasid syariah principles in improving Islamic economics and finance. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 13(3), 1342–1353. https://www.ijicc.net/images/Vol_14/Iss_3/13367_Kholish_2020_E1_R.pdf
- Kuckartz, U., & Radiker, S. (2023). Qualitative content analysis: Methods, practice, and software (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Kurnia, A. (2023). Maqashid sharia framework: Sharia financial inclusion through Indonesian sharia mobile bank. In Contributions to Management Science (pp. 445–453). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27860-0_40
- Lahjouji, H., & Rouggani, K. (2016). Zakat and distribution of wealth on Islamic economy: Case of Morocco. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 2(3), 95–108. https://doi.org/10.12816/0036637
- Lestari, R. (2020, June 29). Menakar tingkat kemiskinan global pascapandemi COVID-19. Kabar24.Bisnis.com. https://kabar24.bisnis.com/read/20200629/19/1258964/menakar-tingkat-kemiskinan-global-pascapandemi-covid-19
- Maesarach, R. M., Trimulato, & Rodoni, A. (2022). Sukuk Linked Wakaf For MSME Develpoment. BASKARA : Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 5(1), 95–107. https://doi.org/10.54268/baskara.5.1.95-107
- Majid, M. S. A., & Kassim, S. H. (2015). Assessing the contribution of Islamic finance to economic growth: Empirical evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 6(2), 292–310. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-07-2012-0050
- Matarneh, B., & Almanaseer, M. (2015). Contribution of Islamic banks in financing small and medium enterprises in the Kingdom of Bahrain. International Journal of Financial Research, 6(3), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v6n3p49
- McCulloch, G. (2004). Documentary research in education, history, and the social sciences. RoutledgeFalmer.
- Mukhlisin, M., Tamanni, L., Azid, T., & Mustafida, R. (2020). Contribution of Islamic microfinance studies in achieving sustainable development goals. In Enhancing Financial Inclusion through Islamic Finance (Vol. 1, pp. 51–79). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39935-1_4
- Nugroho, L., Mastur, A. A., Harnovinsah, H., & Aryanti, W. (2020). The contribution of Islamic bank in poverty alleviation. Al-Ahkam: Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam, 30(1), 19–38. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2020.30.1.5387
- Nurhadi. (2019). The importance of maqashid sharia as a theory in Islamic economic business operations. International Journal of Islamic Business and Economics (IJIBEC), 3(2), 130–145. https://doi.org/10.28918/ijibec.v3i2.1635
- Nuryanto, A. D., & Jaelani, A. K. (2024). The role of state official wealth report in realizing the principles of maqashid sharia. Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 32(1), 155–181. https://doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v32i1.32879
- Pratiwi, A. (2016). Islamic banking contribution in sustainable socioeconomic development in Indonesia: An epistemological approach. Humanomics, 32(2), 98–120. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-12-2015-0085
- Qardhawi, Y. (2010). Shadaqah, cara Islam mengentaskan kemiskinan. PT Remaja Rosda Karya.
- Qardhawi, Y. (2011). Hukum zakat. Litera Antarnusa.
- Rohmati, D., Anggraini, R., & Widiastuti, T. (2018). Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah sebagai landasan dasar ekonomi Islam. Economica: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 9(2), 295. https://doi.org/10.21580/economica.2018.9.2.2051
- Rosli, M. R. Bin, Salamon, H. Bin, & Huda, M. (2018). Distribution management of zakat fund: Recommended proposal for asnaf riqab in Malaysia. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(3), 56–64. https://iaeme.com/MasterAdmin/Journal_uploads/IJCIET/VOLUME_9_ISSUE_3/IJCIET_09_03_006.pdf
- Rusdi, M. A. (2017). Maslahat sebagai metode ijtihad dan tujuan utama hukum Islam. Jurnal Syari’ah dan Hukum Diktum, 15(2), 151–168. https://doi.org/10.35905/diktum.v15i2.432
- Rusydiana, A. S. (2022). Waqf, maqasid al-sharia, and SDG-5: A model for women’s empowerment. Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 17(2), 325–355. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-Ihkam.v17i2.6572
- Shinkafi, A. A., Ali, N. A., & Choudhury, M. (2015). Contemporary Islamic economic studies on maqasid shari’ah: A systematic literature review. Humanomics, 31(3), 354–371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/H-03-2017-0041
- Siregar, S., Ridwan, M., Siregar, H. I., & Rahmadana, M. F. (2024). Proposed model of sharia bank share ownership through waqf funds. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(4), 2659–2669. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i4.3784
- Suprayitno, E., Aslam, M., & Harun, A. (2017). Zakat and SDGs: Impact zakat on human development in the five states of Malaysia. International Journal of Zakat, 2(1), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v2i1.15
- Syarifuddin, F. (2024). Productive waqf business models through the integration of Islamic social and commercial finance. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(4), 620–655. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1440
- Tabash, M. I., & Anagreh, S. (2017). Do Islamic Banks Contribute to Growth of the Economy? Evidence from United Arab Emirates (UAE). Banks and Bank Systems, 12(1), 113–118. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(1-1).2017.03
- Taufik, M., Muhammad, R., & Nugraheni, P. (2023). Determinants and consequences of maqashid sharia performance: Evidence from Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 14(8), 1426–1450. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-07-2021-0205
- Triyowati, H., Masnita, Y., & Khomsiyah. (2018). Toward ‘sustainable development’ through zakat-infaq-sadaqah distributions – As inclusive activities - for the development of social welfare and micro and small enterprises. Australian Journal of Islamic Studies, 3(1), 24–44. https://doi.org/10.55831/ajis.v3i1.73
- Tumewang, Y. K., Dewi, H. R., & Amin, H. (2025). Over a decade of maqashid sharia studies: A bibliometric analysis and direction for future research. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 16(1), 25–52. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-08-2022-0207
- Ulum, F. (2015). Konstuksi sistem ekonomi Islam menuju kesejahteraan yang merata. Tsaqafah: Jurnal Peradaban Islam, 11(1), 113–136. https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v11i1.256
- United Nations Development Programme. (2017). Sustainable development goals. https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
- United Nations. (2021). End poverty in all its forms everywhere. Sustainable Development Goals. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal1
- World Bank Group. (2021). Poverty and shared prosperity 2020. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/poverty-and-shared-prosperity
References
Abdullah, M. (2018). Waqf, sustainable development goals (SDGs) and maqasid al-shariah. International Journal of Social Economics, 45(1), 158–172. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-10-2016-0295
Ahmad, N., & Hanapi, M. S. (2018). Maqasid al-syariah thought in mainstream Islamic economics: A review. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(4), 626–636.https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i4/4038
Amalia, R. Y., Nurwahidin, N., & Huda, N. (2020). Role of zakat in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Indonesia. International Journal of Zakat and Islamic Philanthropy, 2(2), 199–204. https://baitalzakat.com/files/english-files/baitalzakat.com-E100226.pdf
Anwar, S. M., Junaidi, Salju, Wicaksono, R., & Mispiyanti. (2020). Islamic bank contribution to Indonesian economic growth. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 13(3), 519–532. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-02-2018-0071
Arif, W., Habbe, A. H., Rasyid, S., & Madein, A. (2025). Intellectual capital and maqashid sharia performance of Islamic banking in Indonesia: The moderate of Islamic sustainable development goals (SDGs). Journal of Lifestyle and SDG’s Review, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730X.SDGsReview.v5.n02.pe03850
Ascarya, A. (2023). Developing cash waqf models for Baitul Maal wat Tamwil as integrated Islamic social and commercial microfinance. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 14(5), 699–717. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-09-2020-0267
Asmalia, S., Kasri, R. A., & Ahsan, A. (2018). Exploring the potential of zakah for supporting realization of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Indonesia. International Journal of Zakat, Special Issue on Zakat Conference, 51–69. https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v3i4.106
Ayyubi, S. El, & Saputri, H. E. (2018). Analysis of the impact of zakat, infak, and sadaqah distribution on poverty alleviation based on the CIBEST model (Case study: Jogokariyan Baitul Maal Mosque, Yogyakarta). International Journal of Zakat, 3(2), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v3i2.80
Basrowi, B., & Zaki, M. (2020). Manajemen harta dalam Islam dari perspektif hadits. Jurnal Syarikah: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 6(2), 160–170. https://doi.org/10.30997/jsei.v6i2.1833
Campra, M., Brescia, V., Jafari-Sadeghi, V., & Calandra, D. (2021). Islamic countries and maqasid al-shariah towards the circular economy: The Dubai case study. European Journal of Islamic Finance, 17, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.13135/2421-2172/4560
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Djebali, N., & Zaghdoudi, K. (2020). Testing the governance-performance relationship for the Tunisian banks: a GMM in system analysis. Financial Innovation, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-020-00182-5
Ibrahim, S. S. (2023). Waqf integrated income generating model (WIIGM) for enhancing sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Malaysia: An evaluation of behavioural intention. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 39(4), 841–858. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-02-2022-0030
Ismail, A. G., & Shaikh, S. A. (2017a). Role of Islamic economics and finance in sustainable development goals: Innovative Islamic finance proposals for an egalitarian financial system (IESTC Working Paper Series, 5). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.14806.09288
Ismail, A. G., & Shaikh, S. A. (2017b). Where is the place for zakat in sustainable development goals? (IESTC Working Paper, 4).
Isman, Zaim, M. A., & Eldeen, A. B. (2024). Maqashid sharia and harmonizing law in Indonesia: Impact for SDGs global context. In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control (Vol. 517, pp. 745–759). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50939-1_60
Katsir, A. F. I. I. (2008). Tafsīr al-Qur`an al-’Aẓīm. Dār al-’Aqīdah.
Khan, T. (2019). Reforming Islamic finance for achieving sustainable development goals. Journal of King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics, 32(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.4197/Islec.32-1.1
Kholish, N., Purwanto, M. R., Supriadi, Mukharrom, T., & Marazi, H. (2020). The significance of maqasid syariah principles in improving Islamic economics and finance. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 13(3), 1342–1353. https://www.ijicc.net/images/Vol_14/Iss_3/13367_Kholish_2020_E1_R.pdf
Kuckartz, U., & Radiker, S. (2023). Qualitative content analysis: Methods, practice, and software (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Kurnia, A. (2023). Maqashid sharia framework: Sharia financial inclusion through Indonesian sharia mobile bank. In Contributions to Management Science (pp. 445–453). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27860-0_40
Lahjouji, H., & Rouggani, K. (2016). Zakat and distribution of wealth on Islamic economy: Case of Morocco. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 2(3), 95–108. https://doi.org/10.12816/0036637
Lestari, R. (2020, June 29). Menakar tingkat kemiskinan global pascapandemi COVID-19. Kabar24.Bisnis.com. https://kabar24.bisnis.com/read/20200629/19/1258964/menakar-tingkat-kemiskinan-global-pascapandemi-covid-19
Maesarach, R. M., Trimulato, & Rodoni, A. (2022). Sukuk Linked Wakaf For MSME Develpoment. BASKARA : Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 5(1), 95–107. https://doi.org/10.54268/baskara.5.1.95-107
Majid, M. S. A., & Kassim, S. H. (2015). Assessing the contribution of Islamic finance to economic growth: Empirical evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 6(2), 292–310. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-07-2012-0050
Matarneh, B., & Almanaseer, M. (2015). Contribution of Islamic banks in financing small and medium enterprises in the Kingdom of Bahrain. International Journal of Financial Research, 6(3), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v6n3p49
McCulloch, G. (2004). Documentary research in education, history, and the social sciences. RoutledgeFalmer.
Mukhlisin, M., Tamanni, L., Azid, T., & Mustafida, R. (2020). Contribution of Islamic microfinance studies in achieving sustainable development goals. In Enhancing Financial Inclusion through Islamic Finance (Vol. 1, pp. 51–79). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39935-1_4
Nugroho, L., Mastur, A. A., Harnovinsah, H., & Aryanti, W. (2020). The contribution of Islamic bank in poverty alleviation. Al-Ahkam: Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam, 30(1), 19–38. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2020.30.1.5387
Nurhadi. (2019). The importance of maqashid sharia as a theory in Islamic economic business operations. International Journal of Islamic Business and Economics (IJIBEC), 3(2), 130–145. https://doi.org/10.28918/ijibec.v3i2.1635
Nuryanto, A. D., & Jaelani, A. K. (2024). The role of state official wealth report in realizing the principles of maqashid sharia. Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 32(1), 155–181. https://doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v32i1.32879
Pratiwi, A. (2016). Islamic banking contribution in sustainable socioeconomic development in Indonesia: An epistemological approach. Humanomics, 32(2), 98–120. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-12-2015-0085
Qardhawi, Y. (2010). Shadaqah, cara Islam mengentaskan kemiskinan. PT Remaja Rosda Karya.
Qardhawi, Y. (2011). Hukum zakat. Litera Antarnusa.
Rohmati, D., Anggraini, R., & Widiastuti, T. (2018). Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah sebagai landasan dasar ekonomi Islam. Economica: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 9(2), 295. https://doi.org/10.21580/economica.2018.9.2.2051
Rosli, M. R. Bin, Salamon, H. Bin, & Huda, M. (2018). Distribution management of zakat fund: Recommended proposal for asnaf riqab in Malaysia. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(3), 56–64. https://iaeme.com/MasterAdmin/Journal_uploads/IJCIET/VOLUME_9_ISSUE_3/IJCIET_09_03_006.pdf
Rusdi, M. A. (2017). Maslahat sebagai metode ijtihad dan tujuan utama hukum Islam. Jurnal Syari’ah dan Hukum Diktum, 15(2), 151–168. https://doi.org/10.35905/diktum.v15i2.432
Rusydiana, A. S. (2022). Waqf, maqasid al-sharia, and SDG-5: A model for women’s empowerment. Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 17(2), 325–355. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-Ihkam.v17i2.6572
Shinkafi, A. A., Ali, N. A., & Choudhury, M. (2015). Contemporary Islamic economic studies on maqasid shari’ah: A systematic literature review. Humanomics, 31(3), 354–371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/H-03-2017-0041
Siregar, S., Ridwan, M., Siregar, H. I., & Rahmadana, M. F. (2024). Proposed model of sharia bank share ownership through waqf funds. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(4), 2659–2669. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i4.3784
Suprayitno, E., Aslam, M., & Harun, A. (2017). Zakat and SDGs: Impact zakat on human development in the five states of Malaysia. International Journal of Zakat, 2(1), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v2i1.15
Syarifuddin, F. (2024). Productive waqf business models through the integration of Islamic social and commercial finance. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(4), 620–655. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1440
Tabash, M. I., & Anagreh, S. (2017). Do Islamic Banks Contribute to Growth of the Economy? Evidence from United Arab Emirates (UAE). Banks and Bank Systems, 12(1), 113–118. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(1-1).2017.03
Taufik, M., Muhammad, R., & Nugraheni, P. (2023). Determinants and consequences of maqashid sharia performance: Evidence from Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 14(8), 1426–1450. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-07-2021-0205
Triyowati, H., Masnita, Y., & Khomsiyah. (2018). Toward ‘sustainable development’ through zakat-infaq-sadaqah distributions – As inclusive activities - for the development of social welfare and micro and small enterprises. Australian Journal of Islamic Studies, 3(1), 24–44. https://doi.org/10.55831/ajis.v3i1.73
Tumewang, Y. K., Dewi, H. R., & Amin, H. (2025). Over a decade of maqashid sharia studies: A bibliometric analysis and direction for future research. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 16(1), 25–52. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-08-2022-0207
Ulum, F. (2015). Konstuksi sistem ekonomi Islam menuju kesejahteraan yang merata. Tsaqafah: Jurnal Peradaban Islam, 11(1), 113–136. https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v11i1.256
United Nations Development Programme. (2017). Sustainable development goals. https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
United Nations. (2021). End poverty in all its forms everywhere. Sustainable Development Goals. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal1
World Bank Group. (2021). Poverty and shared prosperity 2020. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/poverty-and-shared-prosperity