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Abstract
This study analyzes the negotiation of female agency amid the constraints of patriarchal structures in the film Yuni (2021) through the lens of the female gaze. The method used is a descriptive qualitative one, integrating analyses by David Bordwell and Kristin Thompson, as well as Roland Barthes’s semiotics, across three levels of meaning: denotation, connotation, and myth. The results indicate that patriarchal structures operate through the normalization of early marriage, restrictions on educational opportunities, and communal mythical terror manifested in taboos, rejection of marriage proposals, and the myth of virginity. Based on the narrative causal chain, female agency is proven not to be static but rather an active agent. The process begins with symbolic negotiation to maintain autonomy—represented through an obsession with the color purple—which then accumulates into open resistance. The pinnacle of agency is manifested in the protagonist’s subversive act of consciously sabotaging the virginity myth and fleeing a forced marriage. From a female-gaze perspective, the camera rejects the male gaze and positions women as central subjects, intimately
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ni'ma Raasyidatun Nazia Nazia, Haura Jauza Aprillia April

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References
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- Aini, S. N., & Akalili, A. (2024). Kontestasi wacana figur kemandirian perempuan dalam belenggu masyarakat patriarkal pada film yuni. Jurnal Media Dan Komunikasi Indonesia, 5(2), 125. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmki.88085
- Bah, A. B., & Barasa, M. N. (2023). Indigenous knowledge and the social construction of patriarchy : The case of the Bukusu of Kenya. Critical Sociology, 49(2), 217 –232. https://doi.org/10.1177/08969205211063842
- Barthes, R. (1977). Image, music, text. Fontana Press.
- Bordwell, D., & Thompson, K. (2008). Film Art: An Introduction. McGraw Hill.
- Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble : Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge.
- Damanhuri. (2020). Diskursus keperawanan : Kekerasan terhadap seksualitas perempuan. JSGA, 02(01), 138–152.
- Dewi, I. N. I., & Rinawati, R. (2024). Representasi peran perempuan pada konteks patriarki dalam film “yuni.” Jurnal Riset Jurnalistik Dan Media Digital, 33–40. https://doi.org/10.29313/jrjmd.v4i1.3712
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- French, L. (2021). The female gaze in documentary film: An international perspective. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68094-7
- Gupta, M., Madabushi, J. S., & Gupta, N. (2023). Critical overview of patriarchy, its interferences with psychological development , and risks for mental health. Cureus, 15(6), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.40216
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- Haswida, A., & Abu, B. (2020). Comedy films of malaysian studio era : A social culture criticism. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sociences, 10(12), 497–504. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i12/8353
- Khangai, R. (2021). Patriarchy and virginity myth in the mahābhārata. Indian Historical Review, 48(2), 233–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836211052099
- Khanifah, A. N., & Fajriyah, I. M. D. (2023). Film “Yuni” karya kamila andini: Tubuh perempuan dalam kungkungan patriarki dan pamali. Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Islam, 22(1), 73–86. https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2023.221.73-86
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- Luo, X., & Feng, H. (2024). Feminism or misogyny? Exploring the relationship between Boy’s love drama exposure, the female gaze, fandom engagement, and gender ideology. Trames, 28 (78/73)(4), 351–372.
- Mulvey, L. (1975). Visual pleasure and narrative cinema. Screen, 16(3), 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/16.3.6
- Napilah, P., & Wibisono, M. Y. (2026). Child marriage from a gender equality perspective. Jurnal Iman Dan Spiritualitas, 6(1), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.15575/jis.v6i1.52056
- Olayiwola, E. (2023). New Nollywood and the female gaze : Changing female stereotypes in Nigerian cinema. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 40(1), 94–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509208.2021.1984822
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- Pierik, B. (2022). Patriarchal power as a conceptual tool for gender history history. Rethinking History, 26(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642529.2022.2037864
- Ponterotto, D. (2016). Resisting the male gaze: Feminist responses to the “normatization” of the female body in Western culture. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 17(1), 1972–1977.
- Rusdianto, M. (2024). Hegemoni maskulinitas dalam mitos keperawanan melalui legitimasi patriarki atas tubuh perempuan. SASKARA: Indonesian Journal of Society Studies, 4(02), 191–207. https://doi.org/10.21009/Saskara.042.01
- Türkay, M. Ç. (2025). Deconstructing hegemonic gaze in photography. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 15(2), 563–577. https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1614822
- Ugur-cinar, M. (2025). Patriarchy and political regimes : The role of patriarchal narratives in neopatrimonialism , populism , and the rise of the far right. Women’s Studies International Forum, 111(April), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103124
- Uğuz, B. (2024). Tracing the cinematic female gaze through textual film analysis of something useful. Art Vision, 30(53), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.32547/artvision.1514032
- Walby, S. (1990). Theorizing patriarchy. Basil Blackwell.
- Yi, M. (2026). Developing the oppositional Gaze : Resistance to the male gaze in Jane Rhys ’ s Wide Sargasso Sea. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews, 00(00), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/0895769X.2026.2658001
- Yu, K. T. (2025). Embodied female gaze and transborder flows : Personal cinema as ‘ soft resistance ’ in new wave women filmmaking in post 2010s China. Journal of Chinese Cinemas, 0(0), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508061.2025.2521975
References
Aini, A. N., Amilia, F., & Susetyo, A. M. (2024). Exploring social critique in the literary work of film : Ali & Ratu Queens through Bourdieu ’ s sociological theory. JOLLS: Journal of Language and Literature Studies, 4(4), 847–858. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36312/jolls.v4i4.2362
Aini, S. N., & Akalili, A. (2024). Kontestasi wacana figur kemandirian perempuan dalam belenggu masyarakat patriarkal pada film yuni. Jurnal Media Dan Komunikasi Indonesia, 5(2), 125. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmki.88085
Bah, A. B., & Barasa, M. N. (2023). Indigenous knowledge and the social construction of patriarchy : The case of the Bukusu of Kenya. Critical Sociology, 49(2), 217 –232. https://doi.org/10.1177/08969205211063842
Barthes, R. (1977). Image, music, text. Fontana Press.
Bordwell, D., & Thompson, K. (2008). Film Art: An Introduction. McGraw Hill.
Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble : Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge.
Damanhuri. (2020). Diskursus keperawanan : Kekerasan terhadap seksualitas perempuan. JSGA, 02(01), 138–152.
Dewi, I. N. I., & Rinawati, R. (2024). Representasi peran perempuan pada konteks patriarki dalam film “yuni.” Jurnal Riset Jurnalistik Dan Media Digital, 33–40. https://doi.org/10.29313/jrjmd.v4i1.3712
Dzulfikar, D. (2023). Resistensi para tokoh perempuan dalam film yuni: Kajian feminisme kekuasaan. Besaung : Jurnal Seni Desain Dan Budaya, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.36982/jsdb.v8i1.2832
Farokhah, F. A., & Wardhana, A. P. S. (2019). Virginity discourse in the curse of beauty ’ s Indah Hanaco. Kafaah, 9(2), 147–162.
French, L. (2021). The female gaze in documentary film: An international perspective. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68094-7
Gupta, M., Madabushi, J. S., & Gupta, N. (2023). Critical overview of patriarchy, its interferences with psychological development , and risks for mental health. Cureus, 15(6), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.40216
Hall, S. (1997). Representation : cultural representations and signifying practices. Sage Publ. [u.a.] London [u.a.]. https://doi.org/LK - https://worldcat.org/title/247694776
Haswida, A., & Abu, B. (2020). Comedy films of malaysian studio era : A social culture criticism. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sociences, 10(12), 497–504. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i12/8353
Khangai, R. (2021). Patriarchy and virginity myth in the mahābhārata. Indian Historical Review, 48(2), 233–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836211052099
Khanifah, A. N., & Fajriyah, I. M. D. (2023). Film “Yuni” karya kamila andini: Tubuh perempuan dalam kungkungan patriarki dan pamali. Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Islam, 22(1), 73–86. https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2023.221.73-86
Kurnia, N. (2024). Ibu ( isme ) dan film orde baru : Representasi ibu dalam film Jangan Menangis Mama. Jurnal Komunikasi, 18(April), 207–228. https://doi.org/10.20885/komunikasi.vol18.iss2.art6
Luo, X., & Feng, H. (2024). Feminism or misogyny? Exploring the relationship between Boy’s love drama exposure, the female gaze, fandom engagement, and gender ideology. Trames, 28 (78/73)(4), 351–372.
Mulvey, L. (1975). Visual pleasure and narrative cinema. Screen, 16(3), 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/16.3.6
Napilah, P., & Wibisono, M. Y. (2026). Child marriage from a gender equality perspective. Jurnal Iman Dan Spiritualitas, 6(1), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.15575/jis.v6i1.52056
Olayiwola, E. (2023). New Nollywood and the female gaze : Changing female stereotypes in Nigerian cinema. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 40(1), 94–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509208.2021.1984822
Pawestri, S. (2025). Representasi feminisme dan kritik sosial atas peran perempuan dalam “Yuni 2021” (studi analisis semiotika model Roland Barthes). Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi (JTIKP), 16(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.51903/jtikp.v16i1.943
Pierik, B. (2022). Patriarchal power as a conceptual tool for gender history history. Rethinking History, 26(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642529.2022.2037864
Ponterotto, D. (2016). Resisting the male gaze: Feminist responses to the “normatization” of the female body in Western culture. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 17(1), 1972–1977.
Rusdianto, M. (2024). Hegemoni maskulinitas dalam mitos keperawanan melalui legitimasi patriarki atas tubuh perempuan. SASKARA: Indonesian Journal of Society Studies, 4(02), 191–207. https://doi.org/10.21009/Saskara.042.01
Türkay, M. Ç. (2025). Deconstructing hegemonic gaze in photography. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 15(2), 563–577. https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1614822
Ugur-cinar, M. (2025). Patriarchy and political regimes : The role of patriarchal narratives in neopatrimonialism , populism , and the rise of the far right. Women’s Studies International Forum, 111(April), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103124
Uğuz, B. (2024). Tracing the cinematic female gaze through textual film analysis of something useful. Art Vision, 30(53), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.32547/artvision.1514032
Walby, S. (1990). Theorizing patriarchy. Basil Blackwell.
Yi, M. (2026). Developing the oppositional Gaze : Resistance to the male gaze in Jane Rhys ’ s Wide Sargasso Sea. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews, 00(00), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/0895769X.2026.2658001
Yu, K. T. (2025). Embodied female gaze and transborder flows : Personal cinema as ‘ soft resistance ’ in new wave women filmmaking in post 2010s China. Journal of Chinese Cinemas, 0(0), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508061.2025.2521975