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Submitted
July 15, 2025
Accepted
December 9, 2025
Published
February 26, 2026
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Abstract

Building orientation and the window-to-wall ratio (WWR) are two critical factors affecting thermal comfort
in educational buildings located in tropical climates. This study aims to examine how orientation and
variations in WWR influence indoor air temperature through case studies of the FMIPA and FIAI buildings
at Universitas Islam Indonesia. Simulations were conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
to assess airflow and temperature distribution across different orientation and WWR scenarios. The results
reveal that a north–south orientation yields a more stable temperature distribution, while a 40% WWR is
optimal for balancing daylight and heat gain. The findings underscore the importance of passive design
strategies in enhancing energy efficiency and thermal comfort in tropical educational facilities.
Keywords: Building Orientation, Indoor Air Temperature, Thermal Comfort, Window-to-Wall Ratio
(WWR), Educational Buildings

Keywords

building orientation educational buildings; indoor air temperature thermal comfort Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR)

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Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamad Akbar Maulana, Muhammmad Rakhmatullah Ade Sumarno, Jarwa Prasetya Sih Handoko

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How to Cite
Maulana, M. A., Sumarno, M. R. A., & Handoko, J. P. S. (2026). Analysis of Building Orientation and Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) Influence on Indoor Air Temperature Case Study FMIPA and FIAI Buildings, Universitas Islam Indonesia. Journal of Architectural Research and Design Studies, 10(1), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.20885/jars.vol10.iss1.art6
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