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Abstract
This paper will review the development of the music industry in Indonesia by holding Theodor Adorno's criticism of the culture industry, especially the music industry. This paper tries to analyse whether Adorno's criticism of the popular music is still relevant to describe the current condition of the Indonesian music industry and explain how the existing political and economic conditions affected it. This paper began with explanatory approach which explained the development of the Indonesian music industry. Data collected from the articles in mass and online media, we also
conduct an interview with one group of musician called orchest stamboel. The results showed that Adorno's critics about how music becomes a commodity are still relevant to be used in understanding most of the case in Indonesian music industry, but cannot represent the characteristics of all Indonesian musician. This is because although most music in Indonesia is used as the main tool of capitalism in gaining profit, on the other hand, there is also a variety of music with unique genres performed by the musicians that are not following the logics and characteristics of popular music that presented by Adorno, which is: standardization, interchangeable, and pseudoindividualism.
Keywords: Adorno, commodity, critic, popular music, standardization.
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References
- Adorno, T. (1941). On Popular Music. Studies in Philosophy and Social Science, New York: Institute of Social Research, 1941, IX, 17-48.
- Adorno, T. (1967). Prisms. London: N. Spearman. Diakses dari https://moodle.ufsc.br/pluginfile.php.
- Adorno, T. (1991). The Culture Industry: Selected Essay on Mass Culture. London: Routledge.
- Ashaf, A. F., (2003). Tema-tema Dominan dalam Musik Indonesia (vol. 4. no. 2). MediaTor: Jurnal Komunikasi.
- Agato, Yudhistira. (2020). Cholil Mahmud Efek Rumah Kaca Menawarkan Konsep Baru Lewat Mini Album Jalan Enam Tiga. Diakses dari https://www.vice.com/id_id/article/dygygz/cholil-mahmud-efek-rumah-kaca-menawarkan-konsep-baru-lewat-mini-album-jalan-enam-tiga.
- Daniel, J. O. (1989). Introduction to Adorno's" On Jazz". Discourse, 12(1), 39-44.
- Fuchs, Christian. (2016). Critical Theory of Communication: New Reading of Lukacs, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of Internet. London: University of Westminster Press. DOI:http://dx/doi.org/10.16997/book1.
- Harsadakara. (2017). Wajib Dengar! 7 Musisi Ini Pernah ‘Tampar’ Pemerintah Lewat Karya-Karyanya. Retrieved 21 April 2020. Diakses dari https://www.boombastis.com/musisi-kritisi-pemerintah/127322.
- Heryanto, Ariel. (2012). Budaya Populer di Indonesia: Mencairnya Identitas Pasca-Orde Baru. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.
- Khumaedi, Fariza, et al. (2013). Perlawanan terhadap Budaya Dominan dalam Lirik Lagu-lagu Efek Rumah Kaca (Analisis Semiotika). Interaksi Online, vol. 1, no. 2.
- Lull, James. (1998). Media Komunikasi Kebudayaan: Suatu Pendekatan Global (Terjemahan). Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
- Nenda Nugraha, S. A,. (2018). Nasionalisme Dalam Lagu Iwan Fals Tahun 1979 – 1985
- (Analisis Semiotika). AVATARA, e-Journal Pendidikan Sejarah. Vol 6. No. 2.
- Paddison, M. (2004). Authenticity and Failure in Adorno’s Aesthetics of Music. In T. Huhn (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Adorno (Cambridge Companions to Philosophy, pp. 198-221). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521772893.009
- Ramadlan, M., Wahid, A., Rakhmawati, F., Destrity, N., Hair, A., Harjo, I., & Utaminingsih, A. (2019). Media, Kebudayaan, dan Demokrasi: Dinamika dan Tantangannya di Indonesia Kontemporer(h. 154-155). Malang: Universitas Brawijaya Press.
- Rusmiyati. (2015). Nilai-nilai moral lirik lagu karya Iwan Fals. Masters thesis, Universitas Negeri Malang. http://repository.um.ac.id/id/eprint/58055.
- Sakrie, Denny. (2015). 100 Tahun Musik Indonesia.Jakarta. GagasMedia. ISBN 979-780-785-1.
- Sekewael, Roos. (2016). Indonesian Popular Music and Identity Expressions: Issues of class, Islam and Gender. Leiden University.
- Stone, Allison. (2016) Adorno and Popular Music. In: The Value of Popular Music. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
- Strinati, Dominic. (2007). Popular Culture: Pengantar Menuju Teori Budaya Populer. Yogyakarta: Bentang.
References
Adorno, T. (1941). On Popular Music. Studies in Philosophy and Social Science, New York: Institute of Social Research, 1941, IX, 17-48.
Adorno, T. (1967). Prisms. London: N. Spearman. Diakses dari https://moodle.ufsc.br/pluginfile.php.
Adorno, T. (1991). The Culture Industry: Selected Essay on Mass Culture. London: Routledge.
Ashaf, A. F., (2003). Tema-tema Dominan dalam Musik Indonesia (vol. 4. no. 2). MediaTor: Jurnal Komunikasi.
Agato, Yudhistira. (2020). Cholil Mahmud Efek Rumah Kaca Menawarkan Konsep Baru Lewat Mini Album Jalan Enam Tiga. Diakses dari https://www.vice.com/id_id/article/dygygz/cholil-mahmud-efek-rumah-kaca-menawarkan-konsep-baru-lewat-mini-album-jalan-enam-tiga.
Daniel, J. O. (1989). Introduction to Adorno's" On Jazz". Discourse, 12(1), 39-44.
Fuchs, Christian. (2016). Critical Theory of Communication: New Reading of Lukacs, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of Internet. London: University of Westminster Press. DOI:http://dx/doi.org/10.16997/book1.
Harsadakara. (2017). Wajib Dengar! 7 Musisi Ini Pernah ‘Tampar’ Pemerintah Lewat Karya-Karyanya. Retrieved 21 April 2020. Diakses dari https://www.boombastis.com/musisi-kritisi-pemerintah/127322.
Heryanto, Ariel. (2012). Budaya Populer di Indonesia: Mencairnya Identitas Pasca-Orde Baru. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.
Khumaedi, Fariza, et al. (2013). Perlawanan terhadap Budaya Dominan dalam Lirik Lagu-lagu Efek Rumah Kaca (Analisis Semiotika). Interaksi Online, vol. 1, no. 2.
Lull, James. (1998). Media Komunikasi Kebudayaan: Suatu Pendekatan Global (Terjemahan). Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Nenda Nugraha, S. A,. (2018). Nasionalisme Dalam Lagu Iwan Fals Tahun 1979 – 1985
(Analisis Semiotika). AVATARA, e-Journal Pendidikan Sejarah. Vol 6. No. 2.
Paddison, M. (2004). Authenticity and Failure in Adorno’s Aesthetics of Music. In T. Huhn (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Adorno (Cambridge Companions to Philosophy, pp. 198-221). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521772893.009
Ramadlan, M., Wahid, A., Rakhmawati, F., Destrity, N., Hair, A., Harjo, I., & Utaminingsih, A. (2019). Media, Kebudayaan, dan Demokrasi: Dinamika dan Tantangannya di Indonesia Kontemporer(h. 154-155). Malang: Universitas Brawijaya Press.
Rusmiyati. (2015). Nilai-nilai moral lirik lagu karya Iwan Fals. Masters thesis, Universitas Negeri Malang. http://repository.um.ac.id/id/eprint/58055.
Sakrie, Denny. (2015). 100 Tahun Musik Indonesia.Jakarta. GagasMedia. ISBN 979-780-785-1.
Sekewael, Roos. (2016). Indonesian Popular Music and Identity Expressions: Issues of class, Islam and Gender. Leiden University.
Stone, Allison. (2016) Adorno and Popular Music. In: The Value of Popular Music. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Strinati, Dominic. (2007). Popular Culture: Pengantar Menuju Teori Budaya Populer. Yogyakarta: Bentang.