Main Article Content
Abstract
The polarized society due to political elections in Indonesia and the Philippines is inseparable from many aspects. This study aims to elaborate the perception of Indonesian and Filipino students of social media as a political news source in a polarized society during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a qualitative method. The result of this study shows that Indonesian and Filipino students used social media as a reference news source. For Indonesian students, Instagram became the most influential social media, whilst for the Filipino students, Facebook was the most influential social media. Indonesian students negatively perceived social media as a political news source due to the power of social media to increase or decrease polarization, whereas Filipino students have a reversed point of view. The positive perception of media is related to the ability of social media to give the knowledge about the political actors. According to Indonesian and Filipino students, political polarization in society occurs and continues because it is caused by fanaticism, group influence and the media. This research provides new insights to the public about how social media can affect social conditions concerning political contestation, and provides insight to political contestants about the social media usage as a source of political news among the younger generation.
Keywords
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Copyright (c) 2023 Titin Setiawati, Andys Tiara, Sri Mustika
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References
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References
Afrimadona. (2021). Revisiting Political Polarisation in Indonesia: A Case Study of Jakarta’s Electorate. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 40(2), 315–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/18681034211007490
Arbatli, E., & Rosenberg, D. (2021). United we stand, divided we rule: how political polarization erodes democracy. Democratization, 28(2), 285–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2020.1818068
Aziz, Y. M. (2016). Dinamika Sistem Politik Indonesia. Pustaka Setia.
Carbon, C.-C. (2014). Understanding human perception by human-made illusions. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00566
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, S. Y. (2009). Handbook of Qualitative Research (Bahasa Ind). Pustaka PElajar.
Dictionary, T. B. (2023). Perception.
Down, I., & Han, K. J. (2021). Far right parties and ‘Europe’: societal polarization and the limits of EU issue contestation. Journal of European Integration, 43(1), 65–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2020.1728263
Firdaus, H. A., Sakrim, S., & Fatmasari, R. K. (2022). Makna Gramatikal Dalam Surat Kabar Online Cnn (Cable News Network) Indonesia Pada Rubrik Politik (Edisi April Dan Juni) (Kajian Semantik). Jurnal Review Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 5(1), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.31004/jrpp.v5i1.4920
Guardian, T. (2022). Philippines Election Result is A Win For Dynasty Politics. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/26/philippines-election-result-is-a-win-for-dynasty-politics
Gunawan, B., & Ratmono, B. M. (2018). Kebohongan di Dunia Maya: Memahami Teori dan Praktik-Praktiknya di Indonesia. KPG.
Gunther, A. C., McLaughlin, B., Gotlieb, M. R., & Wise, D. (2016). Who Says What to Whom: Content Versus Source in the Hostile Media Effect. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, edw009. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edw009
Hamad, I. (2004). Konstruksi Realitas Politik Dalam Media Massa ; Sebuah Studi Critical Discourse Analysis Terhadap Berita-berita Politik.
Hautekiet, C., Verschooren, S., Langerock, N., & Vergauwe, E. (2023). Attentional switching between perception and memory: Examining asymmetrical switch costs. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-023-02665-w
Haryanto, A. (2022). Siapa Pemenang Pemilu Pemilihan Presiden Filipina : Ferdinand Marcos? https://tirto.id/siapa-pemenang-pemilihan-presiden-filipina-ferdinand-marcos-grUQ
Huang, C., & Kuo, T. ching. (2022). Actual and perceived polarization on independence-unification views in Taiwan. Asian Journal of Communication, 32(2), 75–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2021.2022174
Intyaswati, D., Maryani, E., Sugiana, D., & Venus, A. (2021). Social Media as an Information Source of Political Learning in Online Education. SAGE Open, 11(2), 215824402110231. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211023181
Junaedi, F. (2011). Komunikasi 2.0: Teorisasi dan Implikasi. Aspikom.
Kemp, S. (2023, February 9). Digital 2023 : The Philippines . Datareportal.Com.
Kubin, E., & von Sikorski, C. (2021). The role of (social) media in political polarization: a systematic review. Annals of the International Communication Association, 45(3), 188–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1976070
Kurniasari, S. (2019). Pengaruh Koneksi Politik Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan Dengan Kepemilikan Publik Sebagai Moderasi [Universitas Hayam Wuruk Perbanas Surabaya]. http://eprints.perbanas.ac.id/4863/
Lim, M. (2017). Klik yang Tak Memantik: Aktivisme Media Sosial di Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v3i1.7846
Lister, M., Dovey, J., Giddings, S., Grant, I., & Kelly, K. (2009). New Media, A Critical Introduction. Routledge.
McCoy, J., Rahman, T., & Somer, M. (2018). Polarization and the Global Crisis of Democracy: Common Patterns, Dynamics, and Pernicious Consequences for Democratic Polities. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(1), 16–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764218759576
McNair, B. (2011). an Introduction to Political Communication (fifth). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203699683
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2018). Qualitative Data Analysis (fourth). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Monica, J., & Fitriawati, D. (2020). Efektivitas Penggunaan Aplikasi Zoom Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Online Pada Mahasiswa Saat Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Communio : Jurnal Jurusan Ilmu Komunikasi, 9(2), 1630–1640. https://doi.org/10.35508/jikom.v9i2.2416
Neundorf, A., & Adams, J. (2018). The Micro-Foundations of Party Competition and Issue Ownership: The Reciprocal Effects of Citizens’ Issue Salience and Party Attachments. British Journal of Political Science, 48(2), 385–406. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123415000642
Nugroho, Y., & Syarief, S. S. (2012). Melampaui aktivisme Click? Media baru dan proses politik dalam Indonesia kontemporer. FES. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/indonesien/10064.pdf
Peters, Y. (2016). Zero-Sum Democracy? The Effects of Direct Democracy on Representative Participation. Political Studies, 64(3), 593–613. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321715607510
Prakoso, S. A. (2013). Fanatisme Suporter Sepak Bola Ditinjau dari Tingkat Pendidikan. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Rianto, P. (2016). Media Baru, Visi Khalayak Aktif, dan Urgensi Literasi Media. Jurnal Komunikasi Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia, 1(2), 90. https://doi.org/10.25008/jkiski.v1i2.54
Rianto, P. (2019). Literasi Digital dan Etika Media Sosial di Era Post-Truth. Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 8(2), 24. https://doi.org/10.14710/interaksi.8.2.24-35
Rianto, P., Afifi, S., & Puji, Hariyanti. (2023). Perilaku Pencarian Informasi Covid-19 dan Implikasinya pada Strategi Komunikasi. Komunika, 10(Communication), 28–38.
Rizqia, F. (2021). Penggunaan Media Sosial Facebook Terhadap Etika Politik Pada Kampanye Pilkada pada di Kabupaten Karawang.
Setiawan, W., Iswoyo, & Pujiastuti, E. (2019). Perception of the Role of Social Media, Participation, and Behaviour in Determining Political Options in the Indonesian Presidential Election in 2019. Advances in Social Sciences, Education, and Humanities Research, 26–31.
Shalimar, J. (2022). TPS Filipina Dilempar Granat, 9 Orang Luka. https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/tps-di-filipina-dilempar-granat-9-orang-luka-1y2TxQnlVE8
Silvianto, H. (2021, April 21). Berebut Suara Milenial. CNN Indonesia.
Vranešević, T., Perić, N., & Marušić, T. (2019). Perception of Social Media as a Source of Relevant Information. Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business, 22(1), 133–144. https://doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2019-0016
Warburton, E. (2020). Deepening Polarization and Democratic Decline in Indonesia (A. Carothers, Thomas and O’Donohue, Ed.). Carnegie Endowment For International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Political_Polarization_RPT_FINAL1.pdf
Worldometer. (2023). Indonesian Population