Main Article Content
Abstract
In many studies, social media use related to political information impacts political participation. However, only some have seen how different levels of social media use affect online political participation. This study aims to see how different levels of social media use affect online political participation by using the theory of source credibility. This study was conducted using a survey method by distributing questionnaires through social media networks. The population is Jakarta residents. Using purposive sampling, we obtained a sample of 500 respondents. Results showed that in the low category, apart from gender and education, the use of social media also impacts online political participation. In the medium category, besides the use of social media, gender, education, age, and political trust affect online political participation. In the high category, what influences online political participation are the use of social media, political trust, and social media credibility. The source credibility theory is confirmed only among high users.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Drina Intyaswati, Anter Venus, Kusumajanti, Windhi Tia Saputra, Qasim Mahmood
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References
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- Allam, S. N., Hassan, M. S., Jamri, M. H., Rani, N. S., Hadi, S. N., & Meerangani, K. A. (2022). New young voters’ decision to vote: Impact of access, analysis and evaluate, create and act. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i4/13080
- Asri, M. A. S., & Sualman, I. (2019). The Perception of Young Adults on Credibility of Facebook as a Source of Political Information and Its Effects towards Their Political Behaviour. Journal of Media and Information Warfare, 12(1), 33–72.
- Bakar, D. M., Adriyanto, A., & Amalia, N. . (2022). How the Political Trust Before Pandemic and Vaccinations: Provincial Case Studies in Indonesia (2019,2020, and 2021). Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan, 13(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.v13i1.11904
- Buchanan, T. (2020). Why do people spread false information online? The effects of message and viewer characteristics on self-reported likelihood of sharing social media disinformation. PloS ONE, 15(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239666
- Buchanan, T., & Benson, V. (2019). Spreading Disinformation on Facebook: Do Trust in Message Source, Risk Propensity, or Personality Affect the Organic Reach of “Fake News”? Social Media + Society, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119888654
- Ceron, A. (2015). Internet, News, and Political Trust: The Difference Between Social Media and Online Media Outlets. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(5), 487–503. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12129
- Drabble, A. (2015). Characteristics of Heavy Users and Light Users’ Contributions Using a Social Networking System to Enhance Literacy. Ubiquitous Learning, 8(3), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.18848/1835-9795/CGP/v08i03/40408
- Geeng, C., Yee, S., & Roesner, F. (2020). Fake news on Facebook and Twitter: Investigating how people (don’t) investigate. Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376784
- Gil de Zúñiga, H., Molyneux, L., & Zheng, P. (2014). Social media, political expression, and political participation: Panel analysis of lagged and concurrent relationships. Journal of Communication, 64(4), 612–634. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12103
- Gong, Q., Verboord, M., & Wang, Y. (2022). Media usage and political trust among young adults in China: The role of media credibility, trust in sources and political membership. Global Media and Communication, 18(3), 301–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/17427665221125553
- Hamid, R. S., Abror, A., Anwar, S. M., & Hartati, A. (2022). The role of social media in the political involvement of millennials. Spanish Journal of Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-08-2021-0151
- Intyaswati, D. (2023). Statistik Sosial: Pengujian Hipotesis Dengan Aplikasi SPSS. Pena Persada Kerta Utama.
- Intyaswati, D., & Fairuzza, M. T. (2023). The Influence of Social Media on Online Political Participation among College Students: Mediation of Political Talks. Southern Communication Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/1041794X.2023.2165703
- Intyaswati, D., Mahmood, Q., & Simanihuruk, H. (2024). The Role of Second Screening in Online Political Participation in Jakarta and Islamabad. International Journal of Communication, 18, 846–864.
- Intyaswati, D., Maryani, E., Sugiana, D., & Venus, A. (2021a). Social Media as an Information Source of Political Learning in Online Education. SAGE Open, 11(2), 215824402110231. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211023181
- Intyaswati, D., Maryani, E., Sugiana, D., & Venus, A. (2021b). Using media for voting decision among first-time voter college students in West Java, Indonesia. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 10(1), 327–339. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0028
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- Johnson, T., & Kaye, B. (2014). Credibility of Social Network Sites for Political Information Among Politically Interested Internet Users. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19, 957–974.
- Kang, M. (2010). Measuring Social Media Credibility: A Study on Measure of Blog Credibility. Institute of Public Relations.
- Kim, K.-S., Yoo-Lee, E. Y., & Sin, S.-C. J. (2011). Social media as information source: Undergraduates’ use and evaluation behavior. Proceedings of ASIS&T 2011 Annual Meeting.
- Koivula, A., Malinen, S., & Saarinen, A. (2021). The voice of distrust? The relationship between political trust, online political participation and voting. Journal of Trust Research, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2022.2026781
- Lu, B., Zhang, S., & Fan, W. (2016). Social Representations of Social Media Use in Government: An Analysis of Chinese Government Microblogging From Citizens’ Perspective. Social Science Computer Review, 34(4), 416–436.
- Nawi, N. W., Alsagoff, S. A., Osman, M. N., & Abdullah, Z. (2020). New media use among youth in Malaysia: A Media Dependency Theory perspective. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology, 17(9), 3097–3112. https://www.archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/3559/3542
- Park, J., Kim, M., & Rho, S. (2015). A Study for Personalized Multimedia Infor-mation Services. The Journal of Society for E-Business Studies, 20, 79–87. https://doi.org/10.7838/jsebs.2015.20.3.079
- Rahmawati, I. (2014). Social media, politics, and young adults: The impact of social media use on young adults’ political efficacy, political knowledge, and political participation towards 2014 Indonesia General Election.
- Shiratuddin, N., Mohd., A., Sani, M., Hassan, S., Khairie, A., Aboo, K., Khalid, T., & Sulastry, N. Y. (2016). Generation Y’s political participation and social media in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Communication, 32(1), 246–262. https://doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2016-3201-12
- Song, C., & Lee, J. (2016). Citizens’ Use of Social Media in Government, Perceived Transparency, and Trust in Government. Public Performance & Management Review, 39(2), 430–453.
- Song, J., Bong, M., Lee, K., & Kim, S. (2015). Longitudinal investigation into the role of perceived social support in adolescents’ academic motivation and achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 107(3), 821–841. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000016
- Stals, L., Isac, M. M., & Claes, E. (2022). Political Trust in Early Adolescence and Its Association with Intended Political Participation: A Cross-sectional Study Situated in Flanders. Young, 30(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/11033088221077033
- Tan, J. J. (2022). Social media political information use and voting behavior of the Malaysian youth. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(9). https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i9.1725
- Taneja, H., Wu, A. X., & Edgerly, S. (2017). Rethinking the generational gap in online news use: An infrastructural perspective. New Media & Society, 20(5), 1792–1812. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817707348
- Valenzuela, S. (2013). Unpacking the Use of Social Media for Protest Behavior: The Roles of Information, Opinion Expression, and Activism. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(7), 920–942. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764213479375
- Van Dijck, J., & Alinejad, D. (2020). Social Media and Trust in Scientific Expertise: Debating the Covid-19 Pandemic in The Netherlands. Social Media and Society, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120981057
- Venus, A., Intyaswati, D., & Prihatiningsih, W. (2023). The role of cognitive elaboration in social media political information consumption and persuasion. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2221430
- Verduyn, P., Lee, D. J., Park, J., Shablack, H., Orvell, A., Bayer, J. B., Ybarra, O., Jonides, J., & Kross, E. (2015). Passive Facebook usage undermines affective well-being: Experimental and longitudinal evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 144(2), 480–488. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000057
- Vitak, J., Zube, P., Smock, A., Carr, C, T., Ellison, N., & Lampe, C. (2011). It’s Complicated: Facebook User’s Political Participation in the 2008 Election. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(3), 107–114.
- Wahyuningroem, S. L., Heryadi, D., Sirait, R., & Uljannatunisa, . (2022). Young Citizens’ Political Participation and Digital Society in Challenging Democracies: A Case Study from Indonesia’s Movements. 2nd Virtual Conference on Social Science In Law, Political Issue and Economic Development, 154–163. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i12.11516
- Warren, M. (2018). Trust and Democracy’, in Eric M. Uslaner (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Social and Political Trust. Oxford: Oxford Handbooks Online.
- Weiss, J. (2020). What Is Youth Political Participation? Literature Review on Youth Political Participation and Political Attitudes. Frontiers in Political Science, 2, 1–13. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpos.2020.00001
- Westerman, D., Spence, P. R., & VanDer, H. B. (2014). Social media as information source: Recency of updates and credibility of information. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(2), 171–183.
- Yang, H. “Chris,” & DeHart, J. L. (2016). Social Media Use and Online Political Participation Among College Students During the US Election 2012. Social Media and Society, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115623802
- Zulqarnain, W., & Hassan, T. (2016). Individual’s Perceptions about the Credibility of Social Media in Pakistan. Institute of Strategic Studies, 36(4), 123–137.
References
Alarqan, A. (2020). Impact of Social Media and Political Participation on Political Efficacy of Political Science Students of Al al-Bayt University. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 14(8).
Allam, S. N., Hassan, M. S., Jamri, M. H., Rani, N. S., Hadi, S. N., & Meerangani, K. A. (2022). New young voters’ decision to vote: Impact of access, analysis and evaluate, create and act. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i4/13080
Asri, M. A. S., & Sualman, I. (2019). The Perception of Young Adults on Credibility of Facebook as a Source of Political Information and Its Effects towards Their Political Behaviour. Journal of Media and Information Warfare, 12(1), 33–72.
Bakar, D. M., Adriyanto, A., & Amalia, N. . (2022). How the Political Trust Before Pandemic and Vaccinations: Provincial Case Studies in Indonesia (2019,2020, and 2021). Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan, 13(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.v13i1.11904
Buchanan, T. (2020). Why do people spread false information online? The effects of message and viewer characteristics on self-reported likelihood of sharing social media disinformation. PloS ONE, 15(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239666
Buchanan, T., & Benson, V. (2019). Spreading Disinformation on Facebook: Do Trust in Message Source, Risk Propensity, or Personality Affect the Organic Reach of “Fake News”? Social Media + Society, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119888654
Ceron, A. (2015). Internet, News, and Political Trust: The Difference Between Social Media and Online Media Outlets. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(5), 487–503. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12129
Drabble, A. (2015). Characteristics of Heavy Users and Light Users’ Contributions Using a Social Networking System to Enhance Literacy. Ubiquitous Learning, 8(3), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.18848/1835-9795/CGP/v08i03/40408
Geeng, C., Yee, S., & Roesner, F. (2020). Fake news on Facebook and Twitter: Investigating how people (don’t) investigate. Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376784
Gil de Zúñiga, H., Molyneux, L., & Zheng, P. (2014). Social media, political expression, and political participation: Panel analysis of lagged and concurrent relationships. Journal of Communication, 64(4), 612–634. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12103
Gong, Q., Verboord, M., & Wang, Y. (2022). Media usage and political trust among young adults in China: The role of media credibility, trust in sources and political membership. Global Media and Communication, 18(3), 301–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/17427665221125553
Hamid, R. S., Abror, A., Anwar, S. M., & Hartati, A. (2022). The role of social media in the political involvement of millennials. Spanish Journal of Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-08-2021-0151
Intyaswati, D. (2023). Statistik Sosial: Pengujian Hipotesis Dengan Aplikasi SPSS. Pena Persada Kerta Utama.
Intyaswati, D., & Fairuzza, M. T. (2023). The Influence of Social Media on Online Political Participation among College Students: Mediation of Political Talks. Southern Communication Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/1041794X.2023.2165703
Intyaswati, D., Mahmood, Q., & Simanihuruk, H. (2024). The Role of Second Screening in Online Political Participation in Jakarta and Islamabad. International Journal of Communication, 18, 846–864.
Intyaswati, D., Maryani, E., Sugiana, D., & Venus, A. (2021a). Social Media as an Information Source of Political Learning in Online Education. SAGE Open, 11(2), 215824402110231. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211023181
Intyaswati, D., Maryani, E., Sugiana, D., & Venus, A. (2021b). Using media for voting decision among first-time voter college students in West Java, Indonesia. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 10(1), 327–339. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0028
Johnson, T. J., & Kaye, B. K. (2014). Credibility of Social Network Sites for Political Information Among Politically Interested Internet Users†. Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(4), 957–974. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12084
Johnson, T., & Kaye, B. (2014). Credibility of Social Network Sites for Political Information Among Politically Interested Internet Users. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19, 957–974.
Kang, M. (2010). Measuring Social Media Credibility: A Study on Measure of Blog Credibility. Institute of Public Relations.
Kim, K.-S., Yoo-Lee, E. Y., & Sin, S.-C. J. (2011). Social media as information source: Undergraduates’ use and evaluation behavior. Proceedings of ASIS&T 2011 Annual Meeting.
Koivula, A., Malinen, S., & Saarinen, A. (2021). The voice of distrust? The relationship between political trust, online political participation and voting. Journal of Trust Research, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2022.2026781
Lu, B., Zhang, S., & Fan, W. (2016). Social Representations of Social Media Use in Government: An Analysis of Chinese Government Microblogging From Citizens’ Perspective. Social Science Computer Review, 34(4), 416–436.
Nawi, N. W., Alsagoff, S. A., Osman, M. N., & Abdullah, Z. (2020). New media use among youth in Malaysia: A Media Dependency Theory perspective. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology, 17(9), 3097–3112. https://www.archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/3559/3542
Park, J., Kim, M., & Rho, S. (2015). A Study for Personalized Multimedia Infor-mation Services. The Journal of Society for E-Business Studies, 20, 79–87. https://doi.org/10.7838/jsebs.2015.20.3.079
Rahmawati, I. (2014). Social media, politics, and young adults: The impact of social media use on young adults’ political efficacy, political knowledge, and political participation towards 2014 Indonesia General Election.
Shiratuddin, N., Mohd., A., Sani, M., Hassan, S., Khairie, A., Aboo, K., Khalid, T., & Sulastry, N. Y. (2016). Generation Y’s political participation and social media in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Communication, 32(1), 246–262. https://doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2016-3201-12
Song, C., & Lee, J. (2016). Citizens’ Use of Social Media in Government, Perceived Transparency, and Trust in Government. Public Performance & Management Review, 39(2), 430–453.
Song, J., Bong, M., Lee, K., & Kim, S. (2015). Longitudinal investigation into the role of perceived social support in adolescents’ academic motivation and achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 107(3), 821–841. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000016
Stals, L., Isac, M. M., & Claes, E. (2022). Political Trust in Early Adolescence and Its Association with Intended Political Participation: A Cross-sectional Study Situated in Flanders. Young, 30(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/11033088221077033
Tan, J. J. (2022). Social media political information use and voting behavior of the Malaysian youth. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(9). https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i9.1725
Taneja, H., Wu, A. X., & Edgerly, S. (2017). Rethinking the generational gap in online news use: An infrastructural perspective. New Media & Society, 20(5), 1792–1812. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817707348
Valenzuela, S. (2013). Unpacking the Use of Social Media for Protest Behavior: The Roles of Information, Opinion Expression, and Activism. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(7), 920–942. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764213479375
Van Dijck, J., & Alinejad, D. (2020). Social Media and Trust in Scientific Expertise: Debating the Covid-19 Pandemic in The Netherlands. Social Media and Society, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120981057
Venus, A., Intyaswati, D., & Prihatiningsih, W. (2023). The role of cognitive elaboration in social media political information consumption and persuasion. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2221430
Verduyn, P., Lee, D. J., Park, J., Shablack, H., Orvell, A., Bayer, J. B., Ybarra, O., Jonides, J., & Kross, E. (2015). Passive Facebook usage undermines affective well-being: Experimental and longitudinal evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 144(2), 480–488. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000057
Vitak, J., Zube, P., Smock, A., Carr, C, T., Ellison, N., & Lampe, C. (2011). It’s Complicated: Facebook User’s Political Participation in the 2008 Election. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(3), 107–114.
Wahyuningroem, S. L., Heryadi, D., Sirait, R., & Uljannatunisa, . (2022). Young Citizens’ Political Participation and Digital Society in Challenging Democracies: A Case Study from Indonesia’s Movements. 2nd Virtual Conference on Social Science In Law, Political Issue and Economic Development, 154–163. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i12.11516
Warren, M. (2018). Trust and Democracy’, in Eric M. Uslaner (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Social and Political Trust. Oxford: Oxford Handbooks Online.
Weiss, J. (2020). What Is Youth Political Participation? Literature Review on Youth Political Participation and Political Attitudes. Frontiers in Political Science, 2, 1–13. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpos.2020.00001
Westerman, D., Spence, P. R., & VanDer, H. B. (2014). Social media as information source: Recency of updates and credibility of information. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(2), 171–183.
Yang, H. “Chris,” & DeHart, J. L. (2016). Social Media Use and Online Political Participation Among College Students During the US Election 2012. Social Media and Society, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115623802
Zulqarnain, W., & Hassan, T. (2016). Individual’s Perceptions about the Credibility of Social Media in Pakistan. Institute of Strategic Studies, 36(4), 123–137.