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Abstract
This research aims to examine how crisis information spreads on social media and leads to activism. The public perceives the Whitelab brand event, which collaborated with K-Pop idol Sehun, as fraught with issues. This has resulted in public protests and the emergence of the #whitelabapologize hashtag on Twitter. This qualitative research uses social network analysis (SNA) to understand the social network and actors surrounding the conversation. A total of 10,000 tweets using #whitelabapologize were extracted from Twitter using Netlytic on the crucial date of the event. The research results classify #whitelabapologize as hashtag activism. Individual actors and the fan bases of K-pop idols drive the conversations on this social network. The data also reveals that this activism follows the logic of connective action.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Rona Rizkhy Bunga Chasana, Dian Purworini, Riski Apriliani

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References
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- Hinck, A. (2019). Politics for the Love of Fandom: Fan-Based Citizenship in a Digital World. Louisiana State University Press.
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- Reilly, P., & Vicari, S. (2021). Organizational Hashtags During Times of Crisis: Analyzing the Broadcasting and Gatekeeping Dynamics of #PorteOuverte During the November 2015 Paris Terror Attacks. Social Media and Society, 7(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305121995788
- Sinpeng, A. (2021). Hashtag activism: social media and the #FreeYouth protests in Thailand. Critical Asian Studies, 53(2), 192–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2021.1882866
- Stieglitz, S., Mirbabaie, M., & Potthoff, T. (2018). Crisis Communication on Twitter during a Global Crisis of Volkswagen-The Case of “Dieselgate.” Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 515–522. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/49953
- Trere, E., & Kaun, A. (2021). Digital media Activism. In G. Balbi, N. Ribeiro, V. Schafer, & C. Schwarzenegger (Eds.), Digital Roots: Historicizing Media and Communication Concepts of The Digital Age. Walter de Gruyter.
- Zempi, C. N., & Rahayu. (2019). Social Media in the Anticorruption Movement: Social Network Analysis on the Refusal of the “Koruptor Boleh Nyaleg” Decision on Twitter. Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia, VIII(2), 92–103. www.acch.kpk.
References
Barisione, M., & Ceron, A. (2017). A Digital Movement of Opinion? Contesting Austerity Through Social Media. In Social Media and European Politics (pp. 77–104). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59890-5_4
Bastian, M., Heymann, S., & Jacomy, M. (2009). Gephi: an open source software for exploring and manipulating networks. . International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media.
Bernard, A. (2019). Theory of the Hashtag. Polity Press.
Bruns, A., & Moe, H. (2014). Twitter and Society. In K. Weller, A. Bruns, J. Burgess, M. Mahrt, & C. Puschman (Eds.), Twitter and Society (pp. 15–28). Peter Lang Publishing.
Carvalho, C. L., & Barbosa, B. (2023). Hashtag Activism by Brand Lovers: a Netnographic Study. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 23(1/2), 44. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsmm.2023.10055628
Chen, Z. (2019). Who Becomes an Online Activist and Why: Understanding the Publics in Politicized Consumer Activism. Public Relations Review, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.101854
Chinnamanthur, S. (2020). Brand Sustainability During Crisis. M.S. Ramaiah Management Review, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.52184/msrmr.v11i01.26
Clark, R. (2016). “Hope in a hashtag”: the Discursive Activism of #WhyIStayed. Feminist Media Studies, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2016.1138235
Dahlgaard, J. J., & Anninos, L. N. (2022). Quality, resilience, sustainability and excellence: understanding LEGO’s journey towards organisational excellence. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 14(3), 465–485. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQSS-12-2021-0183
Eriyanto, E. (2020). Hashtags and Digital Movement of Opinion Mobilization: A Social Network Analysis/SNA Study on #BubarkanKPAI vs #KamiBersamaKPAI Hashtags. Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v8i3.11591
Fearn-Banks, K. (2017). Crisis Communications: A Casebook Approach (Fifth). Routledge.
Giglietto, F., & Lee, Y. (2017). A Hashtag Worth a Thousand Words: Discursive Strategies Around #JeNeSuisPasCharlie After the 2015 Charlie Hebdo Shooting. Social Media and Society, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116686992
Gilkerson, N., & Berg, K. T. (2018). Social Media, Hashtag Hijacking, and the Eveolution of an Activist Group Strategy. In L. Austin & Y. Jin (Eds.), Social Media and Crisis Communication (pp. 141–156). Routledge.
Guerrero-Pico, M. (2017). #Fringe, Audiences, and Fan Labor: Twitter Activism to Save a TV Show From Cancellation. International Journal of Communication, 11, 2071–2092. http://ijoc.org.
Harris, T., & Nelson, M. D. (2009). Applied Organizational Communication: Theory and Practice in a Global Environment (Third). Lawrence Elrbaum Associates.
Hinck, A. (2019). Politics for the Love of Fandom: Fan-Based Citizenship in a Digital World. Louisiana State University Press.
Jin, X. (2020). Exploring Crisis Communication and Information Dissemination on Social Media: Social Network Analysis of Hurricane Irma Tweets. Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research, 3(2), 179–210. https://doi.org/10.30658/jicrcr.3.2.3
Kadushin, C. (2012). Understanding Social Networks: Theories, Concepts, and Findings. Oxford university Press.
Kitchin, T. (2013). Beyond Branding. In N. Ind (Ed.), Beyond Branding (pp. 69–86). KoganPage.
Marin, A., & Wellman, B. (2011). Social Network Analysis: An Introduction. In J. Scott & P. J. Carrington (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis (pp. 11–12). Sage Publication.
Naomi. (2021, May 31). With Great Power: Fandom as Social Movement. Seoul Beats. https://seoulbeats.com/2021/05/with-great-power-fandom-as-social-movement/
Nieves-Pizarro, Y., & Mundel, J. (2021). #RickyRenuncia: The Hashtag That Took Collective Outrage from Social Media to the Streets. In V. Bravo & M. De Moya (Eds.), Latin American Diasporas in Public Diplomacy (pp. 159–188). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74564-6
Nitins, T., & Burgess, J. (2014). Twitter, Brands, and User Engagement. In K. Weller, A. Bruns, J. Burgess, M. Mahrt, & C. Puschmann (Eds.), Twitter and Society (pp. 293–304). Peter Lang Publishing.
Park, J., Cha, M., Kim, H., & Jeong, J. (2012). Managing Bad News in Social Media: A Case Study on Domino’s Pizza Crisis. Proceedings of the Sixth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 282–289. www.aaai.org
Recuero, R., Zago, G., Bastos, M. T., & Araújo, R. (2015). Hashtags Functions in the Protests Across Brazil. SAGE Open, 5(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015586000
Reilly, P., & Vicari, S. (2021). Organizational Hashtags During Times of Crisis: Analyzing the Broadcasting and Gatekeeping Dynamics of #PorteOuverte During the November 2015 Paris Terror Attacks. Social Media and Society, 7(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305121995788
Sinpeng, A. (2021). Hashtag activism: social media and the #FreeYouth protests in Thailand. Critical Asian Studies, 53(2), 192–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2021.1882866
Stieglitz, S., Mirbabaie, M., & Potthoff, T. (2018). Crisis Communication on Twitter during a Global Crisis of Volkswagen-The Case of “Dieselgate.” Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 515–522. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/49953
Trere, E., & Kaun, A. (2021). Digital media Activism. In G. Balbi, N. Ribeiro, V. Schafer, & C. Schwarzenegger (Eds.), Digital Roots: Historicizing Media and Communication Concepts of The Digital Age. Walter de Gruyter.
Zempi, C. N., & Rahayu. (2019). Social Media in the Anticorruption Movement: Social Network Analysis on the Refusal of the “Koruptor Boleh Nyaleg” Decision on Twitter. Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia, VIII(2), 92–103. www.acch.kpk.