Main Article Content
Abstract
The rise of digital native media has transformed the news ecosystem in the last decades. However, actors involved in the deployment of these digital media organizations mostly come from traditional publishers with established routines, norms, and practices. In Indonesia, digital native media as a flourishing industry is distinguished sharply from the old media, once they are large as online, grassroots, and anti-establishment forms of media. Through ten (n=10) semi-structured interviews, this study analyzed the changes that professionals have faced when moving from legacy (broadcast and print) media organizations to digital native media. Results show that Indonesian digital native media organizations bring Western ideas to develop their business models, driven in particular by innovative, technology-focused, startup values. However, these outlets face challenges related to building a solid reputation and brand recognition in comparison to legacy publishers, which limits their reach to people in the higher echelons.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2025 Amalia Nurul Muthmainnah, Mathias Felipe de-Lima-Santos

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References
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- Molyneux, L., & Coddington, M. (2020). Aggregation, clickbait and their effect on perceptions of journalistic credibility and quality. Journalism Practice, 14(4), 429–446. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2019.1628658
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- Tidd, J., & Bessant, J. (2009). Managing innovation: Integrating technological, market and organizational change. Wiley.
- Usher, N. (2017). Venture-backed news startups and the field of journalism. Digital Journalism, 5(9), 1116–1133. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1272064
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- Vázquez-Herrero, J., Negreira-Rey, M.-C., & López-García, X. (2023). Research on digital native media: An emerging topic in the field of digital communication. El Profesional de La Información. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2023.mar.02
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References
Al Hasan, A. (2024, June 22). Survei AJI: 85 persen jurnalis di Jakarta tak dapat upah layak. Tempo.
Aprilie, T., & Eddyono, A. S. (2024). Ditundukkan, terasing, dan imbalan tak setara: Praktik pekerja digital media sosial Suara.com. Jurnal Komunikasi, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.20885/komunikasi.vol19.iss1.art3
Bakker, P. (2012). Aggregation, content farms and huffinization. Journalism Practice, 6(5–6), 627–637. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.667266
Bell, E. (2017). Legacy media diverge from digital natives in fight against Facebook, Google. Columbia Journalism Review.
Boczkowski, P. J. (2004). Digitizing the news. The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/2435.001.0001
Bødker, H. (2017). Vice media inc : Youth, lifestyle – and news. Journalism, 18(1), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884916657522
Bullock, T. (2014). The buzz on buzzfeed: Can readers learn the news from lists? [Master Thesis]. University of Alabama.
Carlson, M., & Usher, N. (2016). News startups as agents of innovation. Digital Journalism, 4(5), 563–581. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2015.1076344
Charmaz, K. (2024). Constructing grounded theory (3rd ed.). SAGE.
Chew, M., & Tandoc, E. C. (2024). Media startups are behaving more like tech startups—iterative, multi-skilled and journalists that “hustle.” Digital Journalism, 12(2), 191–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2040374
Christensen, C. M. (1997). The innovator’s dilemma: When new technologies cause great firms to fail. Harvard Business School Press.
Chua, S., & Westlund, O. (2019). Audience-centric engagement, collaboration culture and platform counterbalancing: A longitudinal study of ongoing sensemaking of emerging technologies. Media and Communication, 7(1), 153–165. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i1.1760
Clayfield, M. (2012). Tweet the press: How social media is changing the way journalists do their jobs. Metro Magazine: Media & Education Magazine, 171, 92–97.
Curran, J. (2010). The future of journalism. Journalism Studies, 11(4), 464–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616701003722444
de-Lima-Santos, M. F., & Zhou, R. (2018). Data-driven business model innovation in journalism: A case study of buzzfeed as a platform of public good. The Asian Conference on Media, Communication & Film.
de-Lima-Santos, M.-F., & Mesquita, L. (2021). In a search for sustainability: Digitalization and its influence on business models in Latin America. In R. Salaverría & M.-F. de-Lima-Santos (Eds.), Journalism, Data and Technology in Latin America (pp. 55–96). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65860-1_3
Ekström, M., & Westlund, O. (2019). The dislocation of news journalism: A conceptual framework for the study of epistemologies of digital journalism. Media and Communication, 7(1), 259–270. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i1.1763
Eriyanto, & Mutmainnah, N. (2020). Indonesia. Media Landscape.
Franklin, B. (2014). The future of journalism. Journalism Studies, 15(5), 481–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2014.930254
García-Orosa, B., López-García, X., & Vázquez-Herrero, J. (2020). Journalism in digital native media: Beyond technological determinism. Media and Communication, 8(2), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i2.2702
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González-Tosat, C., de-Lima-Santos, M. F., Sádaba-Chalezque, C., & Salaverría-Aliaga, R. (2022). Looking for the secret formula: how branded content shapes digital-native media’s revenue streams. Observatorio (OBS*), 16(4), 1–22.
Greene, M. F., Lecaros, M. J., & Cerda Diez, M. F. (2022). Medios de prensa digitales en Chile: Influencia del editor y de la audiencia en la reunión de pauta. Cuadernos.Info, 51, 93–113. https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.51.29645
Hanitzsch, T., Hanusch, F., Ramaprasad, J., & de Beer, A. S. (2019). Exploring the worlds of journalism: An introduction. In T. Hanitzsch, F. Hanusch, J. Ramaprasad, & A. de Beer (Eds.), Worlds of Journalism: Journalistic Cultures Around the Globe. Columbia University Press. https://doi.org/10.7312/hani18642
Hanusch, F. (2010). The dimensions of travel journalism. Journalism Studies, 11(1), 68–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700903290569
Hill, D. T., & Sen, K. (2000). The internet in Indonesia’s new democracy. Democratization, 7(1), 119–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340008403648
Hurcombe, E., Burgess, J., & Harrington, S. (2021). What’s newsworthy about ‘social news’? Characteristics and potential of an emerging genre. Journalism, 22(2), 378–394. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918793933
Kueng, L. (2016). Going digital: A roadmap for organisational transformation.
Lamot, K., & Paulussen, S. (2020). Six uses of analytics: Digital editors’ perceptions of audience analytics in the newsroom. Journalism Practice, 14(3), 358–373. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2019.1617043
Li, Y. (2019). The role performance of native advertising in legacy and digital-only news media. Digital Journalism, 7(5), 592–613. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1571931
Lim, J. (2019). Representation of data journalism practices in the South Korean and US television news. International Communication Gazette, 81(1), 89–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048518759194
Lischka, J. A. (2019). Strategic renewal during technology change: Tracking the digital journey of legacy news companies. Journal of Media Business Studies, 16(3), 182–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2019.1635349
Lowrey, W., Sherrill, L., & Broussard, R. (2019). Field and ecology approaches to journalism innovation: The role of ancillary organizations. Journalism Studies, 20(15), 2131–2149. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2019.1568904
Margianto, J. H., & Syaefullah, A. (2014). Media online: Antara pembaca, laba, dan etika problematika praktik jurnalisme online di indonesia.
Masduki, & d’Haenens, L. (2022). Concentration of media ownership in Indonesia: A setback for viewpoint diversity. International Journal of Communication, 16, 2239–2259. http://ijoc.org.
Molyneux, L., & Coddington, M. (2020). Aggregation, clickbait and their effect on perceptions of journalistic credibility and quality. Journalism Practice, 14(4), 429–446. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2019.1628658
Muthmainnah, A. N., Arief, M., & Fitriyani, N. (2022). Verification and data processing of open data for data-driven news stories in Lokadata.id and Katadata.co.id. Jurnal Kajian Jurnalisme, 6(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkj.v6i1.37167
Nelson, J. L. (2020). The enduring popularity of legacy journalism: An analysis of online audience data. Media and Communication, 8(2), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i2.2736
Nicholls, T., & Shabbir, N. (2016). Digital-born news media in Europe. https://www.digitalnewsreport.org/publications/2016/digital-born-news-media-europe/
Nugroho, Y., Putri, D. A., & Laksmi, S. (2013). Mapping the landscape of the media industry in contemporary Indonesia.
Nyarwi. (2008). Konglomerasi media dan konstruksi praksis demokrasi pasca rezim orde baru: Sebuah refleksi awal. Jurnal Komunikasi, 3(1), 1–14.
Paulussen, S. (2016). Innovation in the Newsroom. In T. Witschge, C. W. Anderson, D. Domingo, & A. Hermida (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Digital Journalism (pp. 192–206). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473957909.n13
Picard, R. G. (2014). Twilight or new dawn of journalism? Journalism Studies, 15(5), 500–510. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2014.895530
Salaverría, R. (2020). Exploring digital native news media. Media and Communication, 8(2), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i2.3044
Salaverría, R., & de-Lima-Santos, M. F. (2021). Transformation of the news media industry in the Global South. In R. Salaverría & M. F. de-Lima-Santos (Eds.), Journalism, Data and Technology in Latin America. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3
SembraMedia. (2021). Inflection point international 2021.
Sixto-García, J., Silva-Rodríguez, A., Rodríguez-Vázquez, A. I., & López-García, X. (2023). Redefining journalism narratives, distribution strategies, and user involvement based on innovation in digital native media. Journalism, 24(6), 1322–1341. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849211062766
Tandoc, E. C. (2015). Why web analytics click. Journalism Studies, 16(6), 782–799. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2014.946309
Tapsell, R. (2015). Platform convergence in Indonesia: Challenges and opportunities for media freedom. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 21(2), 182–197. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856514531527
Tidd, J., & Bessant, J. (2009). Managing innovation: Integrating technological, market and organizational change. Wiley.
Usher, N. (2017). Venture-backed news startups and the field of journalism. Digital Journalism, 5(9), 1116–1133. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1272064
Valero-Pastor, J., & González-Alba, J. (2018). Media startups as examples of innovation in Spanish media market. A study of cases. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 73, 556–582. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2018-1269en
Vara-Miguel, A. (2020). Cross-national similarities and differences between legacy and digital-born news media audiences. Media and Communication, 8(2), 16–27. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i2.2733
Vázquez-Herrero, J., Negreira-Rey, M.-C., & López-García, X. (2023). Research on digital native media: An emerging topic in the field of digital communication. El Profesional de La Información. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2023.mar.02
Verganti, R. (2013). Design-driven innovation: Changing the rules of competition by radically innovating what things mean. Harvard Business Review Press.
Waluyo, D. (2018). Tinjauan standar kompetensi wartawan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas media dan profesionalisme. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi Dan Media, 22(2), 167. https://doi.org/10.31445/jskm.2018.220206
Wu, L. (2016). Did you get the buzz? Are digital native media becoming mainstream? International Symposium on Online Journalism, 6(1), 131–145. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316171264