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Abstract

Ekosistem pegunungan tinggi pada ketinggian 2100–3000 mdpl di Jawa Tengah merupakan lingkungan dengan tekanan ekologis yang tinggi, ditandai oleh suhu rendah dengan fluktuasi harian ekstrem, intensitas radiasi ultraviolet yang tinggi, tekanan atmosfer rendah, serta kondisi tanah yang tipis dan miskin unsur hara. Kondisi tersebut membatasi keberadaan vegetasi sehingga hanya tumbuhan dengan kemampuan adaptasi khusus yang mampu bertahan, termasuk anggrek (Orchidaceae). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji adaptasi, kesamaan spesies, serta tantangan konservasi anggrek yang hidup pada ekosistem pegunungan tinggi di Gunung Sindoro, Gunung Sumbing, dan Gunung Slamet. Kajian dilakukan melalui telaah pustaka terhadap hasil-hasil penelitian terkait kondisi abiotik, vegetasi inang, inventaris anggrek, serta aspek ekologi dan biogeografi kawasan pegunungan Jawa Tengah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kesamaan komposisi genus anggrek di ketiga gunung tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kemiripan iklim pegunungan tropis, kemampuan biji anggrek untuk tersebar luas melalui angin, serta keberadaan jamur mikoriza yang relatif merata pada habitat hutan pegunungan lembap. Meskipun memiliki ketinggian yang relatif sama, ketiga gunung memperlihatkan perbedaan karakter lingkungan yang nyata, terutama pada struktur geologi vulkanik, perkembangan tanah, curah hujan, dan iklim mikro, yang turut memengaruhi distribusi dan kelimpahan anggrek. Ancaman utama terhadap keberlanjutan anggrek meliputi perubahan iklim, kebakaran hutan, serta tekanan aktivitas pendakian dan pariwisata. Oleh karena itu, upaya konservasi berbasis ekosistem dan penelitian lanjutan yang terintegrasi sangat diperlukan untuk menjaga kelestarian anggrek pegunungan tinggi di Jawa Tengah.

Keywords

adaptasi anggrek distribusi spesies Jawa Tengah konservasi pegunungan tinggi

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How to Cite
Nurhaliza, S., & Perdana, A. T. . (2025). ADAPTASI, KESAMAAN SPESIES, DAN TANTANGAN KONSERVASI ANGGREK (ORCHIDACEAE) PADA EKOSISTEM PEGUNUNGAN TINGGI JAWA TENGAH (GUNUNG SINDORO, SUMBING, DAN SLAMET). Khazanah: Jurnal Mahasiswa, 17(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.20885/khazanah.vol17.iss2.art1
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