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Abstract
At a relatively large earthquake ground acceleration, the response of the structure is no longer elastic but is already in the inelastic phase where hysteretic energy is one of the elements of the earthquake energy content. In this phase, structural damage can not be avoided and structural damage is generally expressed in term of damage index DI. Studies on the contribution of normalization of hysteretic energy to the SDOF structure have been carried out. The inelastic behavior of the structure is simulated according to the behavior of Modified Takeda hysteretic model. In this study, two variables were used, namely the earthquake frequency content which is expressed in term of A/V ratio and the vibration period of the structure T. The results showed that the lower the value of the A/V ratio tends to result in a greater damage index DI, both for relatively rigid structures and for relatively flexible structures. The more flexible a structure tends to experience a greater damage index DI both for earthquakes high, medium and low frequency. The contribution of normalization of hysteretic energy to the damage index DI ranges from 10-30%, and the more flexible the structure, the contribution of normalization of hysteretic energy will be smaller. Furthermore, there is also a tendency that the lower the earthquake frequency content, the smaller the contribution of normalized hysteretic energy will accordingly.
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References
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References
Agrawal A, (2020), Correlation of Structural Damage with Energy Dissipation, Master Thesis in Building Science, International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, India, 64 hal.
Ajit B G, Rajesh D.P, (2016), The effects of earthquake frequency content on the seismic behavior of regular RCC Building, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Vol.2, Issue 11, hal.578-585
Akbas B, Shen J, (2003), Earthquake Resistant Design and Energy Concept, IMO Teknik Dergi, hal. 2877-2901
Amiri G.G, Darzi G.A, Khanzadi K, (2007), Earthquake Duration and Damping Effects on Input Energy, International Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.5, No.1, hal.14-29
Cheng Y, Dong Y.R, Qin L, Wang Y.Y, Li Y.X, (2021), Seismic Energy Response of SDOF Systems Subjected to Long Period of Earthquake Ground Motions, Advanced in Civil Engineering, Vol.2021, hal.1-20.
Clough R.W, Penzien J, (2003) Dyanmics of Structures, Computer and Structures Inc, Berkeley USA, 572 hal.
Craefalianu I.G, (2011), Investigation of the frequency content of ground motions recorded during strong Vancea earthquake , based on deterministic and stochastic indices, Proceeding of the 8th International Conference on Structural Dynamics, Belgium, hal.2893-2898
Dindar A.A, Yalcin C, Yuksel E, Ozkaynak H, Buyukozturk O, (2015) Development of Earthquake Energy Demand Spectra, Earthquake Spectra Vol.31, No.3, hal. 1667- 1689
Enduran E, (2020), Hysteretic Energy Demand in Multi Degree of Freedom Systems Subjected to Earthquakes, Buildings, Vol.10, No.220, hal.1-17.
Jiang H, Fu B, Lu X Chen L, (2015), Seismic Damage Assessment of RC Member by a Modified Park and Ang Model, Advanced in Structural Engineering, Vol.18, No.3, hal.353-364
Kalkan E, Kunnath S K, (2008), Relevance of Absolute and Relative Energy Content in Seismic Evaluation of Structures, Advance in Structural Engineering, Vol.11, No.1, hal.1-18.
Khashaee P, Mohraz B, Sadek F, Lew H.S, Gross J.L, (2003), Distribution of Earthquake Input Energy in the Structures, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standard and Technology USA, 70 hal.
Ma C, Chen C, Lv C, Bian J, Feng Y, Liu H, (2020), A Normalized Hysteretic Energy Spectrum for Energy Based Seismic Design, ISCEG E3S Web Conference2, 198, hal.1-7
Nguyen D.D, Lee T.H, Phan V.T (2021), Optimal Earthquake Intensity Measures for Probabilistic Seismic Demand Models of Base-Isolated Nuclear Power Plant Structures, Energies, Vol.14, hal.1-19.
Park Y.J, Ang A.H.S, (1985), Mechanistic Seismic Damage Model for Reinforce Concrete, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol.111, No.4, pp. 722-739
Rezaeemanesh M, Mashyayekhi M, (2022), Investigating the Correlation between the Parameter of Ground Motion Intensity Measures for Iranian data, Journal of Soft Computing in Civil Engineering, 6-2, hal.58-82.
Shiwua A.J, Rutman Y, (2018), Assessment of Seismic Input Energy by means of New Definition and the Application in Seismic Resistant Design, Architecture and Engineering, Vol.1, Issue 4, hal.26-35
Sucuoglu H, Nurtug A, (1995), Earthquake Ground Motion Characteristics and Seismic Energy Dissipation, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol 24, hal.1195-1213
Tso W.K, Zhu T.J, Heidebrecht A.C (1992), Engineering implication of ground motion A / V ratio, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., vol. 11, hal. 133–144,
Uang C.M, Bertero V.V, (1988), Use of Energy as a Design Criterion in Earthquake Resistant Design, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Report No.18 UCB/EERC-88, Colege og Engineering University of California at Berkeley, 46 hal.
Ucar T, Merter O, (2018) Hysteretic Energy Demand in SDOF Structure Subjected to an earthquake Excitation: Analytical and Empirical Results, Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, Vol.22, Issue 2, hal.364-374.
Widodo P, (1995) Rocking of Multistorey Buildings, PhD Thesis Department of Civil Engineering University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 400 hal.
Widodo P, (2018), Analisis Dinamik Struktur, Pustaka Pelajar, 517 hal.
Zahrah T.F, Hall W.J, (1982), Seismic Energy Absorption in Simple Structure, Civil Engineering Studies, College of Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana Illinois USA, 200 hal.