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Abstract
Welding, with its advantages of expedient execution and reduced weight, is a favored method for structural connections. However, it poses a significant risk, softening the steel and diminishing load-bearing capacity, underscoring the importance of accurate estimation. The need for precision is paramount, as critical infrastructure must remain operational not only during disasters but also during repair and maintenance activities. To address this challenge, this research introduces an approach to estimate the extent of capacity reduction resulting from welding, providing engineers with valuable insights for maintaining these critical systems structural integrity and functionality.
The study examined low-carbon steel with various thicknesses, focusing on Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) width calculations and Abaqus simulations. Welding was performed at a speed of 1.67 cm/s with a 5 mm element increment. This research aimed to investigate the impact of welding parameters on low-carbon steel, particularly concerning HAZ measurements. A 4 mm-thick plate generated a 38.73 mm affected zone, while simulations with 5 mm to 12 mm thicknesses produced progressively narrower affected zones. Results demonstrated that steel plate thickness significantly influences the affected zone width, with thicker plates yielding narrower affected zones.
The study examined low carbon steel with a 4 mm thickness, focusing on Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) width calculations and Abaqus simulations. Welding was performed at a speed of 1.67 cm/s with a 5 mm element increment. The research aimed to investigate the impact of welding parameters on low carbon steel, particularly concerning HAZ measurements. Results demonstrated that steel plate thickness significantly influences the affected zone width, with thicker plates yielding narrower affected zones. A 4 mm-thick plate generated a 38.73 mm affected zone, while simulations with 5 mm to 12 mm thicknesses produced progressively narrower affected zones.
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References
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- Arifin, A., & Hendrianto, M. (2018). Pengaruh Arus dan Jarak Kampuh Pengelasan Terhadap Distorsi Sambungan Pelat Baja Karbon Rendah Dengan Menggunakan SMAW: Vol. IV (Issue 1). http://jurnal.untirta.ac.id/index.php/jwl
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- Szymczak, T., Makowska, K., & Kowalewski, Z. L. (2020). Influence of the welding process on the mechanical characteristics and fracture of the s700mc high strength steel under various types of loading. Materials, 13(22), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225249
- Weiss, S., Pense, A. W., Reynolds, Jr. , S. D., Weisman, C., Betz, I. G., Frohlich, R. L., Saperstein, Z. P., Somers, R. E., Stern, I. L., Telford, R. T., & Wilcox, W. L. (1976). Fundamentals of Welding.
- Weman, Klas. (2003). Welding processes handbook. Woodhead Pub.
- Ye, Z., Liu, J., Xie, C., & Zhang, S. (2023). Numerical Simulation of Welding Temperature Field, Stress Field, and Strain Field of Fillet Joint in Different Welding Sequence. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2541(1), 012003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2541/1/012003
References
Ahola, A., Lipiäinen, K., Lindroos, J., Koskimäki, M., Laukia, K., & Björk, T. (2023). On the Fatigue Strength of Welded High-Strength Steel Joints in the As-Welded, Post-Weld-Treated and Repaired Conditions in a Typical Ship Structural Detail. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030644
Andreotti, M., Brondi, C., Micillo, D., Zevenhoven, R., Rieger, J., Jo, A., Hettinger, A. L., Bollen, J., Malfa, E., Trevisan, C., Peters, K., Snaet, D., & Ballarino, A. (2023). SDGs in the EU Steel Sector: A Critical Review of Sustainability Initiatives and Approaches. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097521
Arifin, A., & Hendrianto, M. (2018). Pengaruh Arus dan Jarak Kampuh Pengelasan Terhadap Distorsi Sambungan Pelat Baja Karbon Rendah Dengan Menggunakan SMAW: Vol. IV (Issue 1). http://jurnal.untirta.ac.id/index.php/jwl
H. P., A., W., A., & P., A. (2012). Distribusi dan Interaksi Tegangan Sisa antar Lubang Setelah Proses Cold Expansion Hole. In Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin (Vol. 3, Issue 3).
Jeffus, L. (2017). Welding Principles and Applications Eighth Edition. www.cengage.com/highered
Khan, K., Chen, Z., Liu, J., & Javed, K. (2023). State-of-the-Art on Technological Developments and Adaptability of Prefabricated Industrial Steel Buildings. In Applied Sciences (Switzerland) (Vol. 13, Issue 2). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13020685
Kou, S. (2003). Welding Metallurgy Second Edition.
Liew, J. Y. R., Chua, Y. S., & Dai, Z. (2019). Steel concrete composite systems for modular construction of high-rise buildings. Structures, 21, 135–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2019.02.010
Lu, Wei., Mäkeläinen, Pentti., & Painopörssi). (2003). Advanced Steel Structures - Fire and Fatigue Design. Helsinki University of Technology.
Nursani, R., Syarif, M., & Huseiny, A. (2020). Akselerasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil ANALISIS NUMERIK SAMBUNGAN LAS STRUKTUR BAJA DENGAN MENERAPKAN VARIASI LAYOUT LAS. 2(1).
Ozcatalbas, Y., & Vural, H. I. (2009). Determination of optimum welding sequence and distortion forces in steel lattice beams. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 209(1), 599–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.02.051
Roy, K., Dani, A. A., Ichhpuni, H., Fang, Z., & Lim, J. B. P. (2022). Improving Sustainability of Steel Roofs: Life Cycle Assessment of a Case Study Roof. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 12(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/app12125943
Salamati Nia, S. P., & Kulatunga, U. (2017). Safety and security of hospitals during natural disasters: Challenges of disaster managers. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 7(2), 234–246. https://doi.org/10.2495/SAFE-V7-N2-234-246
Szymczak, T., Makowska, K., & Kowalewski, Z. L. (2020). Influence of the welding process on the mechanical characteristics and fracture of the s700mc high strength steel under various types of loading. Materials, 13(22), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225249
Weiss, S., Pense, A. W., Reynolds, Jr. , S. D., Weisman, C., Betz, I. G., Frohlich, R. L., Saperstein, Z. P., Somers, R. E., Stern, I. L., Telford, R. T., & Wilcox, W. L. (1976). Fundamentals of Welding.
Weman, Klas. (2003). Welding processes handbook. Woodhead Pub.
Ye, Z., Liu, J., Xie, C., & Zhang, S. (2023). Numerical Simulation of Welding Temperature Field, Stress Field, and Strain Field of Fillet Joint in Different Welding Sequence. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2541(1), 012003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2541/1/012003