Main Article Content
Abstract
Maqashid syariah sebagai tujuan pokok hukum Islam menempati posisi sentral dalam perkembangan ilmu ushul fiqh. Periode klasik, khususnya melalui pemikiran al-Juwaini (w. 478 H) dan al-Ghazali (w. 505 H), memberikan fondasi konseptual yang kemudian disempurnakan oleh generasi sesudahnya. Artikel ini menelaah secara komprehensif gagasan maqashid syariah dalam pemikiran kedua tokoh tersebut. Al-Juwaini menekankan pentingnya maslahat dan membaginya dalam tingkatan dharuriyyat, hajiyyat, dan tahsiniyyat. Al-Ghazali kemudian menyusun secara sistematis lima tujuan pokok syariah (al-dharuriyyat al-khams), yaitu hifz al-din, hifz al-nafs, hifz al-‘aql, hifz al-nasl, dan hifz al-mal. Melalui perbandingan dan analisis, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa al-Juwaini adalah konseptor awal, sedangkan al-Ghazali merupakan formulator maqashid syariah. Keduanya menjadi landasan teoritis yang mempengaruhi pemikiran ulama sesudahnya, seperti al-Syatibi pada periode pertengahan, hingga teori maqashid kontemporer.
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
References
- Abdul Wahhab Khallaf, ‘Ilm Ushul al-Fiqh (Kairo: Dar al-Qalam, 1978), hlm. 197
- Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, al-Mustashfa fi ‘Ilm al-Ushul (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1997), Juz I, hlm. 286–288
- Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, al-Mustashfa fi ‘Ilm al-Ushul (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1997), Juz I, hlm. 286–288.
- Abu Ishaq al-Syatibi, al-Muwafaqat fi Ushul al-Shari‘ah (Beirut: Dar al-Ma‘rifah, 1997), Juz II, hlm. 8–9
- Abul Quasem, The Ethics of al-Ghazali: A Composite Ethics in Islam (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 1975), hlm. 33–34
- George Makdisi, The Rise of Colleges: Institutions of Learning in Islam and the West (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1981), hlm. 119
- George Makdisi, The Rise of Humanism in Classical Islam and the Christian West (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1990), hlm. 181.
- Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwaini, al-Burhan fi Ushul al-Fiqh (Kairo: Dar al-Ansar, 1980), Juz I, hlm. 283.
- Jasser Auda, Maqasid al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach (London: IIIT, 2008), hlm. 25–27.
- Jasser Auda, Maqasid al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach (London: IIIT, 2008), hlm. 27–28.
- Muhammad Abu Zahrah, Ushul al-Fiqh (Kairo: Dar al-Fikr al-‘Arabi, 1958), hlm. 45–46.
- Sherman A. Jackson, Islamic Law and the State: The Constitutional Jurisprudence of Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi (Leiden: Brill, 1996), hlm. 45
- Paryadi, Maqasid Syari’ah Definisi dan Pendapat para ulama Volume 4 No 2 Juli-Desember 2021, hlm 207
- Tafsir, Arifin Zaenul, Komarudin, Moralitas Al-Qur’an dan tantangan Modernitas (Telaah atas pemikiran Fazlur Rahman, Al-Ghazali, dan Isma’il Raji Al-Faruqi), Yogyakarta, Gama Media, 2002, hlm 127
- W. Montgomery Watt, Muslim Intellectual: A Study of al-Ghazali (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1963), hlm. 12–13
References
Abdul Wahhab Khallaf, ‘Ilm Ushul al-Fiqh (Kairo: Dar al-Qalam, 1978), hlm. 197
Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, al-Mustashfa fi ‘Ilm al-Ushul (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1997), Juz I, hlm. 286–288
Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, al-Mustashfa fi ‘Ilm al-Ushul (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1997), Juz I, hlm. 286–288.
Abu Ishaq al-Syatibi, al-Muwafaqat fi Ushul al-Shari‘ah (Beirut: Dar al-Ma‘rifah, 1997), Juz II, hlm. 8–9
Abul Quasem, The Ethics of al-Ghazali: A Composite Ethics in Islam (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 1975), hlm. 33–34
George Makdisi, The Rise of Colleges: Institutions of Learning in Islam and the West (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1981), hlm. 119
George Makdisi, The Rise of Humanism in Classical Islam and the Christian West (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1990), hlm. 181.
Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwaini, al-Burhan fi Ushul al-Fiqh (Kairo: Dar al-Ansar, 1980), Juz I, hlm. 283.
Jasser Auda, Maqasid al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach (London: IIIT, 2008), hlm. 25–27.
Jasser Auda, Maqasid al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach (London: IIIT, 2008), hlm. 27–28.
Muhammad Abu Zahrah, Ushul al-Fiqh (Kairo: Dar al-Fikr al-‘Arabi, 1958), hlm. 45–46.
Sherman A. Jackson, Islamic Law and the State: The Constitutional Jurisprudence of Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi (Leiden: Brill, 1996), hlm. 45
Paryadi, Maqasid Syari’ah Definisi dan Pendapat para ulama Volume 4 No 2 Juli-Desember 2021, hlm 207
Tafsir, Arifin Zaenul, Komarudin, Moralitas Al-Qur’an dan tantangan Modernitas (Telaah atas pemikiran Fazlur Rahman, Al-Ghazali, dan Isma’il Raji Al-Faruqi), Yogyakarta, Gama Media, 2002, hlm 127
W. Montgomery Watt, Muslim Intellectual: A Study of al-Ghazali (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1963), hlm. 12–13