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Abstract
Artikel ini membahas pemikiran maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah pada periode modern melalui perspektif dua tokoh penting, yaitu Alal al-Fasi dan Ahmad al-Raisuni. Kajian maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah memiliki peran strategis dalam pengembangan hukum Islam agar tetap relevan dalam merespons dinamika sosial dan tantangan modernitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konsep maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah menurut Alal al-Fasi, menganalisis teori maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah dan maqāṣid al-Qur’an menurut Ahmad al-Raisuni, serta membandingkan pemikiran keduanya dalam konteks hukum Islam kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan (library research). Data diperoleh dari karya-karya primer kedua tokoh serta literatur sekunder yang relevan, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif dan komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Alal al-Fasi menekankan maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah sebagai ruh syariat yang harus diwujudkan dalam kehidupan sosial melalui ijtihad, pendidikan, dan pembaruan pemikiran Islam. Sementara itu, Ahmad al-Raisuni mengembangkan maqāṣid secara lebih sistematis dan metodologis dengan membagi maqāṣid ke dalam maqāṣid umum, khusus, dan parsial, serta mengaitkannya dengan maqāṣid al-Qur’an. Perbandingan kedua pemikiran ini menunjukkan adanya kesinambungan antara dimensi praksis dan metodologis maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, yang berkontribusi dalam memperluas cakrawala hukum Islam agar lebih kontekstual dan berorientasi pada kemaslahatan umat.
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References
- Al-Fasi, A. (2013). Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah al-Islāmiyyah wa Makārimihā. Kairo: Dār al-Kalimah.
- Al-Ghazali, A. H. (1993). Al-Mustaṣfā min ‘Ilm al-Uṣūl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
- Al-Juwaini, I. A. (2007). Al-Burhān fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
- Al-Syatibi, A. I. (1992). Al-Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Syarī‘ah. Kairo: Muṣṭafā Muḥammad.
- Ar-Raisuni, A. (1995). Naẓariyyat al-Maqāṣid ‘inda al-Imām al-Syāṭibī. Virginia: The International Institute of Islamic Thought.
- Ar-Raisuni, A. (1999). Al-Fikr al-Maqāṣidī: Qawā‘iduhu wa Fawā’iduhu. Maroko: Dār al-Baiḍā’.
- Ar-Raisuni, A. (2020). Maqāṣid al-Maqāṣid: al-Ghāyāt al-‘Ilmiyyah wa al-‘Amaliyyah li Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah. Kairo: Dār al-Kalimah.
- Ar-Raisuni, A. (2021). Min Qaḍāyā al-Maqāṣid. Rabat: Manshūrāt al-Zamān.
- Asyur, M. T. I. (1994). Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah al-Islāmiyyah. Tunisia: Dār al-Suḥnūn.
- Auda, J. (2015). Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah as Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach. London: The International Institute of Islamic Thought.
- Auda, J. (2020). Re-envisioning Islamic law: Maqasid-based approach. Journal of Islamic Ethics, 4(1), 1–22.
- Hallaq, W. B. (2021). Reforming Modernity: Ethics and the New Human in the Philosophy of Abdurrahman Taha. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Kamali, M. H. (2021). Maqasid al-Shariah Made Simple. London: The International Institute of Islamic Thought.
- Kamali, M. H. (2023). Maqasid al-Shariah and Islamic legal reform. Islamic Law and Society, 30(2), 145–168.
- Mustaqim, A. (2022). Tafsir maqāṣidī: Pendekatan baru dalam studi Al-Qur’an. Jurnal Studi Ilmu-ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Hadis, 23(1), 1–20.
- Rane, H. (2022). Maqasid al-Shariah and contemporary Muslim societies. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 42(3), 345–360.
References
Al-Fasi, A. (2013). Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah al-Islāmiyyah wa Makārimihā. Kairo: Dār al-Kalimah.
Al-Ghazali, A. H. (1993). Al-Mustaṣfā min ‘Ilm al-Uṣūl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Juwaini, I. A. (2007). Al-Burhān fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Syatibi, A. I. (1992). Al-Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Syarī‘ah. Kairo: Muṣṭafā Muḥammad.
Ar-Raisuni, A. (1995). Naẓariyyat al-Maqāṣid ‘inda al-Imām al-Syāṭibī. Virginia: The International Institute of Islamic Thought.
Ar-Raisuni, A. (1999). Al-Fikr al-Maqāṣidī: Qawā‘iduhu wa Fawā’iduhu. Maroko: Dār al-Baiḍā’.
Ar-Raisuni, A. (2020). Maqāṣid al-Maqāṣid: al-Ghāyāt al-‘Ilmiyyah wa al-‘Amaliyyah li Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah. Kairo: Dār al-Kalimah.
Ar-Raisuni, A. (2021). Min Qaḍāyā al-Maqāṣid. Rabat: Manshūrāt al-Zamān.
Asyur, M. T. I. (1994). Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah al-Islāmiyyah. Tunisia: Dār al-Suḥnūn.
Auda, J. (2015). Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah as Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach. London: The International Institute of Islamic Thought.
Auda, J. (2020). Re-envisioning Islamic law: Maqasid-based approach. Journal of Islamic Ethics, 4(1), 1–22.
Hallaq, W. B. (2021). Reforming Modernity: Ethics and the New Human in the Philosophy of Abdurrahman Taha. New York: Columbia University Press.
Kamali, M. H. (2021). Maqasid al-Shariah Made Simple. London: The International Institute of Islamic Thought.
Kamali, M. H. (2023). Maqasid al-Shariah and Islamic legal reform. Islamic Law and Society, 30(2), 145–168.
Mustaqim, A. (2022). Tafsir maqāṣidī: Pendekatan baru dalam studi Al-Qur’an. Jurnal Studi Ilmu-ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Hadis, 23(1), 1–20.
Rane, H. (2022). Maqasid al-Shariah and contemporary Muslim societies. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 42(3), 345–360.