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Abstract
The advent of the internet and technology has brought ambivalence to the comic industry. On one hand, they provide consumers and comic enthusiasts with easy access to their favorite comics without needing to visit bookstores. On the other hand, they have exacerbated the issue of piracy. This paper is based on a qualitative comparative study, comparing two types of official and illegal comic publications on internet platforms, including Webtoon, CIAYO, Mangareader, Mangafox, and Bato. This paper outlines the distribution process of legal printed and digital comics and reveals how comic piracy is perpetrated and proliferated, particularly on internet-based platforms. This study shows that the ambivalence of technological development is inevitable in the comic culture industry. Piracy in the world of comics is inevitable. Illegal groups assume that translations, re-uploads and the like will make it easier for readers to understand comics, but they are still illegal. On the other hand, legal comics have also taken various measures to minimize piracy. Comic industries, especially those that operate online, have implemented measures to protect their authors’ works from piracy. For instance, Webtoon, a platform created by Naver, has disabled the screenshot function on readers’ devices, preventing them from capturing images of comics that could be misused.
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References
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References
Benjamin, W. (1969). The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. In H. Arendt, Illuminations (pp. 1-26). New York: Schocken Books.
Bonneff, M. (1998). Komik Indonesia. Jakarta: KPG.
Emha, A. J., & Azzahra, S. (2024). Platformisasi dan Komodifikasi Komik Sebagai Kendaraan Bercerita. In S. Prajitno, & R. Noviani, Identitas dan Budaya dalam Masyarakat Berjejaring (pp. 90-119). Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Hardy, W. (2020). EFFECTS OF PIRACY ON THE AMERICAN COMIC BOOK MARKET AND THE ROLE OF DIGITAL FORMATS (No. 01/2020). Instytut Badan Strukturalnych.
Hesmondhalgh, David. (2013). The Cultural Industries (3rd Ed.). Downloaded at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261554803_The_Cultural_Industries_3rd_Ed on 16 December 2020.
Kataoka, M. (2017). When Manga Fans Become Pirates: The Art of Translating and Navigating Japanese Manga. A Pirate's View of World History: A Reversed Perception of the Order of Things From a Global Perspective, 25-31.
Larasati, S. D., Rasikawati I. (2022). Problems and Strategies in Comics TranslationInternational Dialogues on Education – Volume 9 Issue 1 – July 2022– https://idejournal.org.
Lent, J. A. (1999). Local comic books and the curse of Manga in Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan. Asian Journal of Communication, 9(1), 108–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292989909359617
Lynn, H. G. (2016). Korean Webtoons: Explaining Growth. 九州大学学術情報リポジトリ Kyushu University Institutional Repository
Mataram S., Ardianto D.T. (2018). Digital Comic Platform Contribution to Improving Creative Industry Potential. Advances in Social Science, Education, and Humanities Research, volume 197. 5th Bandung Creative Movement International Conference on Creative Industries 2018 (5th BCM 2018).
Merriam, S. B. (2002). Introduction of Qualitative Research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
Natsume, F. (2001). East Asia and Manga Culture: Examining Manga-Comic Culture in East Asia. The Asian Face of Globalisation Reconstructing Identities, Institutions, and Resources The Papers of the 2001 API Fellows.
Philpot, B. (2019). The Big 5 of textual analysis. https://www.cusd80.com/cms/lib6/AZ01001175/Ce centricity/Domain/4876/Big 5_In and Out of Context_Graphic Organizer.pdf
Putra, M. A. (2020). Alasan Webtun Paling Laris di Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/hiburan/20201002142816-241-553665/alasan-webtun-paling-laris-di-indonesia. Accessed on 23 January 2024.
Setiawan, D., Darmansyah, A. (2021). Translating an Indonesian Comic. East African Scholars Journal of Education, Humanities and Literature. DOI: 10.36349/easjehl.2021.v04i07.004
Towse, R. (2002). Copyright in the Cultural Industries. Massachusetts: Edward Elgar.
Virilio, P. (2007). Speed and Politics. Los Angeles: Semiotext(e).
Wai-ming, N. (2002). The Impact of Japanese Comics and Animation in Asia. Journal of Japanese Trade & Industry: July/Augustus 2002.