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Abstract
Saccharin extraction and analysis of drug and food samples was investegated by spectrophotometry ultraviolet (uv) derivative method were studied. The saccharin extraction was carried out using solvent of ethanol/chloroform (2:8 v/v). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the proposed method were 0.50 ppm and 1.82 ppm for the second order and 0.47 ppm and 1.58 ppm for the fourth, while for the zero order were 2,75 ppm and 8,55 ppm. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range from 20-100 ppm (R2= 0.996 for the second order and R2=0.997 for the fourth). The percent recovery of saccharin was in the range 95.20-104.40% for the second order and 97.20-102.40% for the fourth. The range of saccharin concentration (w/w) in drugs, candies and toothpaste for the fourth derivative were 1.39±0.02 mg/kg until 7.15±0.05 mg/kg, 0.21±0.01 mg/kg until 2.09±0.01 mg/kg, and 0.15±0.03 mg/kg until 0.63±0.04 mg/kg, respectively.
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References
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- Alpdogan, G, Karabina, K, and Sungur, S, 2002, Derivative Spectropho-tometric Determination of Caf-feine in Some Beverages, Turk. J. Chem., 26, 295-302.
- AOAC, Official Method 934.04, Sac-charin in Non Alcoholic Bever-ages, 17th ed, Association of Of-ficial Analytical Chemists, Ar-lington, 2000, p 47-48.
- Aydogmus, Z, and Cetin, S.M., 2002, Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Vegetables by Derivative Spectrophotometry, Turk. J. Chem., 26, 697-704.
- Cantarelli, M.A., Pellerano, R.G., Marchevsky, E.J., and Camina, J.M., 2008, Simultaneous De-termination of Saccharin and Aspartame in Commercial Non-caloric Sweeteners Using the PLS-2 Multivariate Calibration and Validation by Capillary Electrophoresis, J. Agric. Food. Chem., 56, 9345-9349.
- Chattopadhyay, S, Raychaudhuri, U, and Chakraborty, R, 2014, Arti-ficial Sweeteners, J. Food. Sci. Technol., 51(4), 611-621.
- Cordoba, M.H., Garcia, I.L., and Pedre-no, C.S., 1985, Spectrophoto-metric Determination of Saccha-rin in Different Materials by A Solvent Extraction Method Us-ing Nile Blue As Reagent, Ta-lanta., 4, 325-327.
- Fix, G.L., and Pollack, J.D., 1980, De-termination of Saccharin in Watts Nickel Plating Solutions by First Derivative Ultraviolet Spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 52, 1589-1592.
- Hussein, M.M., Jacin, H, and Rodri-guez, F.B., 1976, Quantitative Determination of Saccharin in Food Products by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry, J. Agric. Food. Chem., 24(1), 36-40.
- Kroger, M, Meister, K, and Kava, R., 2006, Low-calorie Sweeteners and Other Sugar Substitutes: A Review of The Safety Issues, Compr. Rev. Food. Sci., 5, 35-47.
- Owen, T, 1996, Fundamental of UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Wald-bronn: Hewlett-Packard.
- Ozgur, M.U., and Koyuncu, I, 2002, The Simultaneous Determination of Quinoline Yellow (E-104) and Sunset Yellow (E-110) in Syrups and Tablets by Second Derivative Spectrophotometry, Turk. J. Chem., 26(2002), 501-508.
- Soarez, C.D.V., and Martins J.L.S., 1995, Derivative Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Determina-tion of Saccharin in Artificial Sweeteners, Braz. J. Pharm. Sci., 120, 193-195.
- Soarez, C.D.V., and Martins J.L.S., 2002, Saccharin Analysis in Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Preparation by Derivative Ultra-violet Spectrophotometry, Braz. J. Pharm. Sci., 38, 471-478.
- Turak, F, and Ozgur, M.U., 2014, Vali-dated Spectrophotometric Meth-ods for Simultaneous Determi-nation of Food Colorants and Sweeteners, J. Chem., 2013, 1-9.
- Tedjo, A, dan Apriliany, T.R., 2010, Penetapan Kadar Cilastatin dan Imipenem dalam Sediaan Injeksi Kering secara Spektrofotometri Derivatif, Farmasains., 1, 2, 56-61.
- Vidotti, E.C., Cancino, J.C., Oliveira, C.C, and Rollemberg, M.D.C.C., 2005, Simultaneous Determination of Food Dyes by First Derivative Spectrophotometry with Sorption onto Polyurethane Foam, Anal. Sci., 21(2), 149-153.
- Walash, M.I., Rizk, M.S., Sheribah, Z.A., and Salim, M.M., 2011, Derivative Spectrophotometric Analysis of Benzophenone (as an impurity) in Phenytoin, Chem. Central. J., 5(85), 1-10.
- Weinert, P.L., Pezza, H.R., Oliveira, J.E., and Pezza, L., 2004, A Simplified Spectrophotometric Method for Routine Analysis of Saccharin in Commercial Non-caloric Sweeteners, J. Agric. Food. Chem., 52, 7788-7792.
- Whitehouse, C.R., Boullata, J, and McCauley, L.A., 2008, The Po-tential Toxicity of Artificial Sweeteners. AAOHN Journal., 56(6), 251-259.
References
Anonim, 1995, Direktorat Jenderal Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan Farmakope Indonesia Edisi ke 4. Jakarta, Departemen Kesehatan.
Alpdogan, G, Karabina, K, and Sungur, S, 2002, Derivative Spectropho-tometric Determination of Caf-feine in Some Beverages, Turk. J. Chem., 26, 295-302.
AOAC, Official Method 934.04, Sac-charin in Non Alcoholic Bever-ages, 17th ed, Association of Of-ficial Analytical Chemists, Ar-lington, 2000, p 47-48.
Aydogmus, Z, and Cetin, S.M., 2002, Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Vegetables by Derivative Spectrophotometry, Turk. J. Chem., 26, 697-704.
Cantarelli, M.A., Pellerano, R.G., Marchevsky, E.J., and Camina, J.M., 2008, Simultaneous De-termination of Saccharin and Aspartame in Commercial Non-caloric Sweeteners Using the PLS-2 Multivariate Calibration and Validation by Capillary Electrophoresis, J. Agric. Food. Chem., 56, 9345-9349.
Chattopadhyay, S, Raychaudhuri, U, and Chakraborty, R, 2014, Arti-ficial Sweeteners, J. Food. Sci. Technol., 51(4), 611-621.
Cordoba, M.H., Garcia, I.L., and Pedre-no, C.S., 1985, Spectrophoto-metric Determination of Saccha-rin in Different Materials by A Solvent Extraction Method Us-ing Nile Blue As Reagent, Ta-lanta., 4, 325-327.
Fix, G.L., and Pollack, J.D., 1980, De-termination of Saccharin in Watts Nickel Plating Solutions by First Derivative Ultraviolet Spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 52, 1589-1592.
Hussein, M.M., Jacin, H, and Rodri-guez, F.B., 1976, Quantitative Determination of Saccharin in Food Products by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry, J. Agric. Food. Chem., 24(1), 36-40.
Kroger, M, Meister, K, and Kava, R., 2006, Low-calorie Sweeteners and Other Sugar Substitutes: A Review of The Safety Issues, Compr. Rev. Food. Sci., 5, 35-47.
Owen, T, 1996, Fundamental of UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Wald-bronn: Hewlett-Packard.
Ozgur, M.U., and Koyuncu, I, 2002, The Simultaneous Determination of Quinoline Yellow (E-104) and Sunset Yellow (E-110) in Syrups and Tablets by Second Derivative Spectrophotometry, Turk. J. Chem., 26(2002), 501-508.
Soarez, C.D.V., and Martins J.L.S., 1995, Derivative Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Determina-tion of Saccharin in Artificial Sweeteners, Braz. J. Pharm. Sci., 120, 193-195.
Soarez, C.D.V., and Martins J.L.S., 2002, Saccharin Analysis in Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Preparation by Derivative Ultra-violet Spectrophotometry, Braz. J. Pharm. Sci., 38, 471-478.
Turak, F, and Ozgur, M.U., 2014, Vali-dated Spectrophotometric Meth-ods for Simultaneous Determi-nation of Food Colorants and Sweeteners, J. Chem., 2013, 1-9.
Tedjo, A, dan Apriliany, T.R., 2010, Penetapan Kadar Cilastatin dan Imipenem dalam Sediaan Injeksi Kering secara Spektrofotometri Derivatif, Farmasains., 1, 2, 56-61.
Vidotti, E.C., Cancino, J.C., Oliveira, C.C, and Rollemberg, M.D.C.C., 2005, Simultaneous Determination of Food Dyes by First Derivative Spectrophotometry with Sorption onto Polyurethane Foam, Anal. Sci., 21(2), 149-153.
Walash, M.I., Rizk, M.S., Sheribah, Z.A., and Salim, M.M., 2011, Derivative Spectrophotometric Analysis of Benzophenone (as an impurity) in Phenytoin, Chem. Central. J., 5(85), 1-10.
Weinert, P.L., Pezza, H.R., Oliveira, J.E., and Pezza, L., 2004, A Simplified Spectrophotometric Method for Routine Analysis of Saccharin in Commercial Non-caloric Sweeteners, J. Agric. Food. Chem., 52, 7788-7792.
Whitehouse, C.R., Boullata, J, and McCauley, L.A., 2008, The Po-tential Toxicity of Artificial Sweeteners. AAOHN Journal., 56(6), 251-259.