Utilization of Cassava Processing Liquid Waste as Raw Material for Making Biodegradable Plastics with the  Addition of Glycerol Plasticizer

Iswendi Iswendi; Iryani Iryani; Alpira Alpira; Regi Fadila Putra

doi:10.20885/EKSAKTA.vol2.iss2.art2

Submitted

August 17, 2021

Accepted

September 4, 2021

Published

September 13, 2021

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Abstract

This study aimed to utilize cassava processing liquid waste into biodegradable plastic with glycerol as a plasticizer. This experimental study varies the amount of glycerol: (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) mL. The resulting biodegradable plastics were analyzed for physical properties consist of (water content and degree of swelling), mechanical properties consist of (tensile strength, elongation, elasticity), biodegradation, and structural properties. Fourier Transform Infra-Red and x-ray diffraction were employed for the studies. The results showed that the more glycerol added, the greater the percentage of water content and the degree of swelling were obtained. The optimum tensile of the biodegradable plastic was reached with 3 mL of glycerol, giving the strength of 27.49 N/mm2, elongation 0.107 N/mm2, elasticity 4.804 MPa. Biodegradable plastic with the addition of 5 mL of glycerol degraded up to 60.777%. The FTIR spectra showed almost the same peaks between plastics without the addition of glycerol and glycerol. Meanwhile, XRD data shows that the degree of crystallinity of plastic without glycerol is higher than that of plastic with the addition of glycerol.

Keywords

Biodegradable plastic cassava processing wastewater plasticizer

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How to Cite

Iswendi, I., Iryani, I., Alpira, A., & Putra, R. F. (2021). Utilization of Cassava Processing Liquid Waste as Raw Material for Making Biodegradable Plastics with the Addition of Glycerol Plasticizer. EKSAKTA: Journal of Sciences and Data Analysis, 2(2), 88–98. https://doi.org/10.20885/EKSAKTA.vol2.iss2.art2

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References

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A. N. Utama, AW and Al-Baarri, Produksi alkohol, nilai pH, dan produksi gas pada bioetanol dari susu rusak dengan campuran limbah cair tapioka, Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan 2(2) (2013).
Y. L. Imran, G. S. Hutomo, and A. Rahim, Sintesis Dan Karakterisasi Bioplastik Berbasis Pati Sagu (Metroxylon SP), Tadulako University, 2014.
Z. Zulferiyenni, M. Marniza, and E. N. Sari, The effects of glycerol and tapioca concentration on the characteristics of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed dreg-based biodegradable, Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Hasil Pertanian 19(3) (2014) 257-273.
D. Fransisca and dkk, Pengaruh konsentrasi tapioka terhadap sifat fisik biodegradable film dari bahan komposit selulosa nanas, Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Hasil Pertanian 18(2) (2013) 196–205.
F. H. Saleh, A. Y. Nugroho, and M. R. Juliantama, Pembuatan edible film dari pati singkong sebagai pengemas makanan, Teknoin - Jurnal Teknologi Industri 23(1) (2017).
R. Yulianti, E. Ginting, and and others, Perbedaan karakteristik fisik edible film dari umbi-umbian yang dibuat dengan penambahan plasticizer, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan, 2012.
D. Huri, F. Nisa, and F. Choirun, The effect of glycerol and apple peel waste extract concentration on physical and chemical characteristics of edible film, Jurnal Pangan Dan Agroindustri 2(4) (2014) 29-40.
V. Pimpan, K. Ratanarat, and M. Pongchawanakul, Preliminary study on preparation of biodegradable plastic from modified cassava starch, Journal of scientific research, Chulalongkorn University 26(2) (2001) 227–126.
S. Susilawati, I. Mustafa, and D. Maulina, Biodegradable Plastics from a Mixture of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Cassava Starch with the Addition of Acrylic Acid, Jurnal Natural 11(2) (2011).
Y. Darni and H. Utami, Studi pembuatan dan karakteristik sifat mekanik dan hidrofobisitas bioplastik dari pati sorgum, Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia Lingkungan 7(2) (2009).
H. Agusnar, Penentuan derajat kristalinitas larutan kitin dengan variasi waktu penyimpanan menggunakan difraksi sinar X (XRD), Jurnal Sains Kimia 8(2) (2004) 43-45.
A. J. W. S. Sitompul and E. Zubaidah, Pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi plasticizer terhadap sifat fisik edible film kolang kaling (Arenga pinnata), Jurnal Pangan Dan Agroindustri 5(1) (2017).
A. Syarifuddin and Y. Yunianta, Karakterisasi edible film dari pektin albedo jeruk bali dan pati garut [in press september 2015], Jurnal Pangan Dan Agroindustri 3(4) (2015).
F. Anggarini, Latifah, and S. . Miswadi, Aplikasi Plasticizer Gliserol Pada Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradable Dari Biji Nangka, Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science 2013, [Online]. Available: http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/ijcs.
I. M. Dayangku and A. W. A. R. Wan, Tensile and Water Absorption Properties of Biodegradable Composites Derived from Cassava Skin/Polyvinyl Alcohol with Glycerol as Plasticizer, Sains Malaysiana 40(7) (2011) 713–718.
S. Hidayati, A. S. Zuidar, and A. Diani, Aplikasi sorbitol pada produksi biodegradable film dari nata de cassava, Reaktor 15(3) (2015) 196–204.
H. Harianingsih, S. Suwardiyono, and R. Wulandari, Pengaruh penambahan gliserol terhadap tensile strength dan elongation at break edible film dari nata de soya, Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia 2(1) (2017).
H. Setiawan, R. Faizal, and A. Amrullah, Penentuan kondisi optimum modifikasi konsentrasi plasticizer sorbitol pva pada sintesa plastik biodegradable berbahan dasar pati sorgum dan chitosan limbah kulit udang, Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi 13(1) (2015).
M. Gill, Bioplastic: a better alternative to plastics, International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Science 2 (2014) 115–120.
S. Khoramnejadian, J. J. Zavareh, and S. Khoramnejadian, Effect of potato starch on thermal & mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene, Current World Environment 8(2) (2015) 215.
Z. Anita, F. Akbar, and H. Harahap, Pengaruh penambahan gliserol terhadap sifat mekanik film plastik biodegradasi dari pati kulit singkong, Jurnal Teknik Kimia Universitas Sumatera Utara 2(2) (2013) 37–41.
E. Rohaeti, Karakterisasi biodegradasi polimer, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian, (2009) 248–257.

References

H. Akbar, Fauzi and Anita, Zulisma and Harahap, Pengaruh waktu simpan film plastik biodegradasi dari pati kulit singkong terhadap sifat mekanikalnya, Jurnal Teknik Kimia Universitas Sumatera Utara 2(2) (2013).

A. N. Utama, AW and Al-Baarri, Produksi alkohol, nilai pH, dan produksi gas pada bioetanol dari susu rusak dengan campuran limbah cair tapioka, Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan 2(2) (2013).

Y. L. Imran, G. S. Hutomo, and A. Rahim, Sintesis Dan Karakterisasi Bioplastik Berbasis Pati Sagu (Metroxylon SP), Tadulako University, 2014.

Z. Zulferiyenni, M. Marniza, and E. N. Sari, The effects of glycerol and tapioca concentration on the characteristics of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed dreg-based biodegradable, Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Hasil Pertanian 19(3) (2014) 257-273.

D. Fransisca and dkk, Pengaruh konsentrasi tapioka terhadap sifat fisik biodegradable film dari bahan komposit selulosa nanas, Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Hasil Pertanian 18(2) (2013) 196–205.

F. H. Saleh, A. Y. Nugroho, and M. R. Juliantama, Pembuatan edible film dari pati singkong sebagai pengemas makanan, Teknoin - Jurnal Teknologi Industri 23(1) (2017).

R. Yulianti, E. Ginting, and and others, Perbedaan karakteristik fisik edible film dari umbi-umbian yang dibuat dengan penambahan plasticizer, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan, 2012.

D. Huri, F. Nisa, and F. Choirun, The effect of glycerol and apple peel waste extract concentration on physical and chemical characteristics of edible film, Jurnal Pangan Dan Agroindustri 2(4) (2014) 29-40.

V. Pimpan, K. Ratanarat, and M. Pongchawanakul, Preliminary study on preparation of biodegradable plastic from modified cassava starch, Journal of scientific research, Chulalongkorn University 26(2) (2001) 227–126.

S. Susilawati, I. Mustafa, and D. Maulina, Biodegradable Plastics from a Mixture of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Cassava Starch with the Addition of Acrylic Acid, Jurnal Natural 11(2) (2011).

Y. Darni and H. Utami, Studi pembuatan dan karakteristik sifat mekanik dan hidrofobisitas bioplastik dari pati sorgum, Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia Lingkungan 7(2) (2009).

H. Agusnar, Penentuan derajat kristalinitas larutan kitin dengan variasi waktu penyimpanan menggunakan difraksi sinar X (XRD), Jurnal Sains Kimia 8(2) (2004) 43-45.

A. J. W. S. Sitompul and E. Zubaidah, Pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi plasticizer terhadap sifat fisik edible film kolang kaling (Arenga pinnata), Jurnal Pangan Dan Agroindustri 5(1) (2017).

A. Syarifuddin and Y. Yunianta, Karakterisasi edible film dari pektin albedo jeruk bali dan pati garut [in press september 2015], Jurnal Pangan Dan Agroindustri 3(4) (2015).

F. Anggarini, Latifah, and S. . Miswadi, Aplikasi Plasticizer Gliserol Pada Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradable Dari Biji Nangka, Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science 2013, [Online]. Available: http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/ijcs.

I. M. Dayangku and A. W. A. R. Wan, Tensile and Water Absorption Properties of Biodegradable Composites Derived from Cassava Skin/Polyvinyl Alcohol with Glycerol as Plasticizer, Sains Malaysiana 40(7) (2011) 713–718.

S. Hidayati, A. S. Zuidar, and A. Diani, Aplikasi sorbitol pada produksi biodegradable film dari nata de cassava, Reaktor 15(3) (2015) 196–204.

H. Harianingsih, S. Suwardiyono, and R. Wulandari, Pengaruh penambahan gliserol terhadap tensile strength dan elongation at break edible film dari nata de soya, Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia 2(1) (2017).

H. Setiawan, R. Faizal, and A. Amrullah, Penentuan kondisi optimum modifikasi konsentrasi plasticizer sorbitol pva pada sintesa plastik biodegradable berbahan dasar pati sorgum dan chitosan limbah kulit udang, Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi 13(1) (2015).

M. Gill, Bioplastic: a better alternative to plastics, International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Science 2 (2014) 115–120.

S. Khoramnejadian, J. J. Zavareh, and S. Khoramnejadian, Effect of potato starch on thermal & mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene, Current World Environment 8(2) (2015) 215.

Z. Anita, F. Akbar, and H. Harahap, Pengaruh penambahan gliserol terhadap sifat mekanik film plastik biodegradasi dari pati kulit singkong, Jurnal Teknik Kimia Universitas Sumatera Utara 2(2) (2013) 37–41.

E. Rohaeti, Karakterisasi biodegradasi polimer, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian, (2009) 248–257.

Utilization of Cassava Processing Liquid Waste as Raw Material for Making Biodegradable Plastics with the Addition of Glycerol Plasticizer

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