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Abstract
Hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 using starch as pores forming agent has been investigated. The research aimed to investigate the effect of crystallinity and porosity of TiO2 to its photocatalytic activity using photodegradation of methylene blue. TiO2 was synthesized without starch and with various starch concentration (0.5%, 2.5%, 5%, 10% w/v). The starch was dissolved in ethanol,and then was added drop wisely into titanium (IV) tetraisopropoxide(TTIP) solution. The mixture was treated hydrothermally at 100 ºC for 4 h. Starch templatewas removed through calcination at 450 ºC for 4 h. The synthesized TiO2 was characterized by FT-IR spectrophotometry. The effect of starch concentration toTiO2 crystallinity was analyzed using XRD. The porosity of the synthesized TiO2 was determined using N2 gas sorption analyzer. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 was monitored through the photodegradation of methylene blue. The XRD patterns show that the TiO2 synthesized with various starch concentration consists mainly of anatase crystalline. The particle size of TiO2 synthesized with starch 5% w/v is 11.32 nm with the specific surface area (SBET) of 110.189 m2/g, the total pore volume of 0.2cc/g and the pore diameter of 3.62 nm. The photoactivity test demonstrates that the synthesized TiO2 could degrade methylene blue up to 56.9% under UV irradiation for 30 minutes
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References
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- Lee, G.D., and Falconer, J.L., 2000, Transient Measurments of lattice Oxigen in Photocatalytic Decomposition of Formic Acid on TiO2, Catal. Lett., 70, 145-148
- Yanagisawa, K., and Ovenstone, J., 1999, Crystalization of Anatase from Amorphous Titania Using the Hydrotermal Technique: Effect of Starting Material and Temperature, J. Phys. Chem. B., 103, 7781-7787
- Ollis, D.F., and Elkabi, 1993, Photocatalytic Purification and Treatment of Water and Air,Elseiver, Amsterdam
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- Davis, S.A., and Mann, S., 2004, Spongelike Macroporous TiO2 Monoliths Prepared from Starch Gel Template, Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 32, 95-105
- Meilert, K.T., Laub, D, and Kiwi, J., 2005, Photocatalytic self-cleaning of Modified Cotton Textiles by TiO2 Clusters Attached by Chemical spacers, J. Photochem. Photobiol., 174, 156-164
- Cheng, H., Ma, J., Zhao, Z., and Qi, L., 1995, Hydrotermal Preparation of Uniform Nanosized Rutile and Anatase Particles, Chem. Mater., 7 (4), 663
- Meilert, K.T., Laub, D, and Kiwi, J., 2005, Photocatalytic self-cleaning of Modified Cotton Textiles by TiO2 Clusters Attached by Chemical spacers, J. Photochem. Photobiol., 174, 156-164
- Yang, P., Zhao, D., Margolese, D.I., Chmelka, F.B., and Stucky, G.D., 1999, Block Copolymer Templating Synthesis of Mesoporous Metal Oxides with Large Ordering Lenghts and Semicrystalline Framework, Chem. Mater., 11 (10), 2813-2826
- Kumar, P., Badrinarayanan, S., and Sastry, M., 1999, Nanocrystalline TiO2 Studied by Optical, FT-IR and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Correlation to Presence of Surface States, Thin Solid Films 358, 122-130
- Kartini, I., 2004, Synthesis and Characterization of Mesostructured Titania for Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells, PhD Thesis, Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Australia
- Kartini, I., 2009, Sel Surya Berbasis Sistem Sandwich Nanokristal Semikonduktor Celah Lebar dan Zat Warna Alam (Natural Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell, nDSSC), Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, UGM, Yogyakarta
References
Hoffman, M.R., Martin, S.M., Choi, W., and Bahnemann, D.W., 1995, Enviromental Application of Semiconductor Photocatalyst, Chem. Rev. B., 95, 69-96
Lee, G.D., and Falconer, J.L., 2000, Transient Measurments of lattice Oxigen in Photocatalytic Decomposition of Formic Acid on TiO2, Catal. Lett., 70, 145-148
Yanagisawa, K., and Ovenstone, J., 1999, Crystalization of Anatase from Amorphous Titania Using the Hydrotermal Technique: Effect of Starting Material and Temperature, J. Phys. Chem. B., 103, 7781-7787
Ollis, D.F., and Elkabi, 1993, Photocatalytic Purification and Treatment of Water and Air,Elseiver, Amsterdam
Awati, P.S., Awate, S.V., Shah, P.P., and Ramaswamy, V., 2003, Photocatalytic Decomposition of Metylene Blue Using Nanocrystalline Anatase Titania Prepared by Ultrasonic Technique, Catal. Commun., 4, 393-400
Davis, S.A., and Mann, S., 2004, Spongelike Macroporous TiO2 Monoliths Prepared from Starch Gel Template, Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 32, 95-105
Meilert, K.T., Laub, D, and Kiwi, J., 2005, Photocatalytic self-cleaning of Modified Cotton Textiles by TiO2 Clusters Attached by Chemical spacers, J. Photochem. Photobiol., 174, 156-164
Cheng, H., Ma, J., Zhao, Z., and Qi, L., 1995, Hydrotermal Preparation of Uniform Nanosized Rutile and Anatase Particles, Chem. Mater., 7 (4), 663
Meilert, K.T., Laub, D, and Kiwi, J., 2005, Photocatalytic self-cleaning of Modified Cotton Textiles by TiO2 Clusters Attached by Chemical spacers, J. Photochem. Photobiol., 174, 156-164
Yang, P., Zhao, D., Margolese, D.I., Chmelka, F.B., and Stucky, G.D., 1999, Block Copolymer Templating Synthesis of Mesoporous Metal Oxides with Large Ordering Lenghts and Semicrystalline Framework, Chem. Mater., 11 (10), 2813-2826
Kumar, P., Badrinarayanan, S., and Sastry, M., 1999, Nanocrystalline TiO2 Studied by Optical, FT-IR and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Correlation to Presence of Surface States, Thin Solid Films 358, 122-130
Kartini, I., 2004, Synthesis and Characterization of Mesostructured Titania for Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells, PhD Thesis, Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Australia
Kartini, I., 2009, Sel Surya Berbasis Sistem Sandwich Nanokristal Semikonduktor Celah Lebar dan Zat Warna Alam (Natural Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell, nDSSC), Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, UGM, Yogyakarta