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Abstract
Pemanfaatan batu kapur dari Pamekasan, Madura sebagai katalis heterogen pada reaksi pembuatan biodiesel dipelajari pada penelitian ini. Batu kapur dikalsinasi pada suhu 900 ºC selama 3 jam untuk membentuk katalis CaO. Katalis CaO yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi menggunakan difraksi sinar-X (XRD), spektroskopi inframerah (FTIR) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (SEM-EDX). Proses transesterifikasi dari minyak nyamplung dilakukan dengan rasio mol minyak terhadap methanol sebesar 1:16 pada temperatur 60 °C selama 1 jam dengan katalis CaO sebesar 4 % (w/w). Hasil analisis GC-MS diperoleh yield biodiesel sebesar 54% dengan konversi sebesar 49%.
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References
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References
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E. O. Ajala, M. A. Ajala, A. O. Ajao, H. B. Saka, and A. C. Oladipo, “Calcium-carbide Residue: A Precursor for the Synthesis of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaSO4 Solid Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Production using Waste Lard,” Chem. Eng. J. Adv., p. 100033, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ceja.2020.100033.
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Hartati et al., “Highly selective hierarchical ZSM-5 from kaolin for catalytic cracking of Calophyllum inophyllum oil to biofuel,” J. Energy Inst., 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.joei.2020.06.006.
I. Lawan, Z. N. Garba, W. Zhou, M. Zhang, and Z. Yuan, “Synergies between the microwave reactor and CaO/zeolite catalyst in waste lard biodiesel production,” Renew. Energy, vol. 145, pp. 2550–2560, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.08.008.
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A. A. Ayodeji, M. E. Ojewumi, B. Rasheed, and J. M. Ayodele, “Data on CaO and eggshell catalysts used for biodiesel production,” Data Br., vol. 19, pp. 1466–1473, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.06.028.
K. Sudsakorn, S. Saiwuttikul, S. Palitsakun, A. Seubsai, and J. Limtrakul, “Biodiesel production from Jatropha Curcas oil using strontium-doped CaO/MgO catalyst,” J. Environ. Chem. Eng., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 2845–2852, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2017.05.033.
T. Maneerung, S. Kawi, and C. H. Wang, “Biomass gasification bottom ash as a source of CaO catalyst for biodiesel production via transesterification of palm oil,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 92, pp. 234–243, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.12.057.
A. Hamid, D. Prasetyoko, T. Esti, F. Rohmah, and I. Dayi, “Pengaruh Tahap Kristalisasi pada Sintesis ZSM-5 Mesopori dari Kaolin Alam,” vol. 03, no. 02, pp. 40–49, 2020.
Rakhmad, N. Hindryawati, and Daniel, “Pembuatan Katalis Basa Heterogen Dari Batu Gamping ( Limestone ),” Pros. Semin. Nas., pp. 101–105, 2017.
N. Widiarti et al., “Upgrading catalytic activity of NiO/CaO/MgO from natural limestone as catalysts for transesterification of coconut oil to biodiesel,” Biomass Convers. Bioref
inery, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s13399-021-01373-5.
M. L. Granados et al., “Biodiesel from sunflower oil by using activated calcium oxide,” Appl. Catal. B Environ., vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 317–326, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2006.12.017.
T. Maneerung, S. Kawi, Y. Dai, and C. H. Wang, “Sustainable biodiesel production via transesterification of waste cooking oil by using CaO catalysts prepared from chicken manure,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 123, pp. 487–497, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.06.071.
M. Kouzu, T. Kasuno, M. Tajika, Y. Sugimoto, S. Yamanaka, and J. Hidaka, “Calcium oxide as a solid base catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil and its application to biodiesel production,” Fuel, vol. 87, no. 12, pp. 2798–2806, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.10.019.
N. U. Soriano, R. Venditti, and D. S. Argyropoulos, “Biodiesel synthesis via homogeneous Lewis acid-catalyzed transesterification,” Fuel, vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 560–565, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.10.013.
D. Y. C. Leung, X. Wu, and M. K. H. Leung, “A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification,” Appl. Energy, vol. 87, no. 4, pp. 1083–1095, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.10.006.
X. Liu, H. He, Y. Wang, S. Zhu, and X. Piao, “Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel using CaO as a solid base catalyst,” Fuel, vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 216–221, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.04.013.