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Abstract
This article aims to identify Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabauwi's initial concept of Paper Money, which in the early 19th century wrote Raf'ul Iltibas. Through a qualitative approach, with critical extraction analysis, several things can be revealed related to the thoughts of Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabauwi about paper money. From a careful reading of Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabauwi, several significant findings can be formulated: First, in his work, Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabauwi applies two methods lead to his critical thinking about Paper money, namely the comparative law method and Qiyas. Second, Sheikh Ahmad Khatib believes that paper money has similarities with dinars and dirhams in several aspects, namely the function of its nominal value. It is just that the existence of these values is different. The value of paper money is politico-economic. Meanwhile, the nominal value of dirhams and dinars is intrinsic and natural. Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabau's work related to Paper Money is written heavily from the perspective of fiqh. Briefly, it is challenging to describe economic assumptions from work. As a result, articles are also thicker with fiqh analysis. Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabauwi's view regarding Paper Money becomes the foundation for the theory of the value of money in Islam. However, it is rarely disclosed, so that this paper can serve as the foundation of the value for money offered by scholars from Indonesia in the early 19th century. Strengthening the idea that money is not suitable as a commodity must be positioned as capital to be productive and finally becomes why trade is compelling and becomes the most practical reason for removing Zakat from it. There are not many, not even articles that attempt to reveal the concept of classical ulama from Indonesia relating to Paper Money. This article manages to identify that, and at the same time, becomes a novelty.
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References
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References
Abdellah, Antar, and Abdelbaset Haridy. "Medieval Muslim Thinkers on Foreign Language Pedagogy: The Case of Ibn Khaldun." Lingua 193 (2017): 62–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2017.05.001.
Abdul Khir, Mohamed Fairooz. "The Concept of the Time Value of Money : A Shari'Ah Viewpoint." The International Journal of Excellence in Islamic Banking and Finance 3, no. 2 (2013): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.12816/0001426.
Abdullah, Adam. "An Islamic Monetary Theory of Value and Equation of Exchange: Evidence from Egypt (696-1517)." Humanomics 32, no. 2 (2016): 121–50. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-12-2015-0090.
Abou-Tabickh, Lilian. "Al-’Asabiyya in Context Choicea and Historical Continuity in Al-Muqaddima of Ibn Khaldūn." University of Toronto, 2019.
Al-Minangkabawi, Abdul Latif Khatib bin Abdullah. Raf’u Al-Iltibas Hukm Al-Anwath Al-Muta’amal Biha Baina Al-Nas. Mekah: Matba’ah Al-Turqi Al-Majidiyah, 1911.
Alam Asadov. "Money in Islam: A Social Contract Perspective," 2017. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18325.63206.
Angeles, Luis. "Four Phases in the History of Money." University of Glasgow, 2019.
Anindita, Karina. “History of Money in Indonesia.” kompasiana, 2017.
Annum Dalimunthe, Latifa. “Kajian Proses Islamisasi Di Indonesia: Studi Pustaka.” Jurnal Studi Agama Dan Masyarakat 12, no. 1 (2016).
Anver E. Emon. Islamic and Jewish Legal Reasoning: Encountering Our Legal Other. Dk. Vol. 53. London: Oneworld, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
Asadov, Alam I. "Money in Islam : A Social Contract Perspective," 2017. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18325.63206.
Benkheira, Mohammed Hocine, and Bernard G. Weiss. Studies in Islamic Legal Theory. Studia Islamica. Leiden: Brill, 2003. https://doi.org/10.2307/1596263.
Coulson, N.J. A History of Islamic Law. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1964.
Davies, Glyn. A History of Money: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. University of Wales Press. Vol. 23. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.2003.0448b.x.
Deflem, Mathieu. "The Sociology of the Sociology of Money: Simmel and the Contemporary Battle of the Classics." Journal of Classical Sociology 3, no. 1 (2003): 67–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468795X03003001695.
Francesca Gino. "Time , Money , and Morality." Harvard, 2014.
Hallaq, Wael B. A History of Islamic Legal Theories. A History of Islamic Legal Theories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511801266.
Harasani, Hamid. "Islamic Law as a Comparable Model in Comparative Legal Research: Devising a Method." SSRN Electronic Journal 3 (2014): 186–202. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2507210.
Ilyas, Ahmad Fauzi. “Syekh Ahmad Khatib Minangkabau Dan Polemik Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah Di Nusantara.” Journal of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Society 1, no. 1 (2017): 86–112.
Indrawati, Nadia Nur. “Peran Syekh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabawi (1860-1916 M) Dalam Islamisasi Nusantara.” Jurnal Tamaddun 1, no. 1 (2016): 177–200.
John F. Crown. A History of Money from AD 800. Journal of Economic History. Vol. 59. London: Routledge, 1999.
König, Susanne. "The Evolution of Money: From Commodity Money to E-Money By." UNICERT IV Program. Germany, 2001.
Low, KELVIN. "Money and Morality: Some Perspectives From Singapore." New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 7, no. 1 (2005): 37.
Lowry, Joseph E. Early Islamic Legal Theory: The Risla of Muammad Ibn Idri As-Shafi'i. Leiden: Brill, 2007.
Mudhafier, Drs Fadhlan. Syeikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabawy: Pemikiran Dan Perjuangannya, Masa 1276 – 1334 Hijriah (1852 – 1915 Masehi). Jakarta: Pusat Kajian Buya Hamka, 2013.
Muhammad bin Idris As Syafi’i. Ar Risalah Lil Imam Al Mutalibi Muhammad Bin Idris As-Syafi’i. Bairut: Dar Kutb Al Islamiyyah, 2006.
Nelly Hanna. Money, Land and Trade: An Economic History of the Muslim Mediterranean. London: I.B. Tauris, 2002.
Norbert Oberauer. "Money in Classical Islam: Legal Theory and Economic Practice." Islamic Law and Society Vol. 24, no. 4 (2018): 427–66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1163/15685195-00254A03.
Oberauer, Norbert. "Money in Classical Islam: Legal Theory and Economic Practice." Islamic Law and Society 25, no. 4 (October 19, 2018): 427–66. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685195-00254A03.
Orozco, Olivia. "Monetary Thought in Islamic and Christian Scholars ( 13 Th -16 Th Century ): A Comparative Perspective on Debasement and the Rise of the Quantity Theory of Money," no. June (2008).
Putra, Apria. “Ulama Dan Karya Tulis: Diskursus Keislaman Di Minangkabau Awal Abad 20.” FUADUNA: Jurnal Kajian Keagamaan Dan Kemasyarakatan 1, no. 2 (2017): 9–15.
Shafi’i, Ahmad Khatib bin Abdul Latif Al Minangkabawi Al. Al-Qaul Al-Tahif Fi Tarjamati Tarikh Hayati as-Syeikh Ahmad Khatib Bin Abdul Latif. Maktabah Ibn Harju Al-Jawi, 2016.
Siegfried, Nikolaus A. "Concepts of Paper Money in Islamic Legal Thought." Arab Law Quarterly 16, no. 4 (2001): 319–32. https://doi.org/10.1163/A:1013840123393.
Sieroń, Arkadiusz. "Endogenous versus Exogenous Money: Does the Debate Really Matter?" Research in Economics 73, no. 4 (2019): 329–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2019.10.003.
Simmel, Georg. The Philosophy of Money. The Philosophy of Money. London: Routledge, 2011. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203828298.
Smithin, John. "Requirements of a Philosophy of Money and Finance." Research Gate, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137302953.
Susanti, Ressi. “Sejarah Transformasi Uang Dalam Islam.” Aqlam: Journal of Islam and Plurality 2, no. 1 (2018): 33–42. https://doi.org/10.30984/ajip.v2i1.509.
Umar F. Abd-Allah Wymann-Landgraf. Mālik and Medina: Islamic Legal Reasoning in the Formative Period. Leiden: Brill, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
Walsh, Adrian, and Tony Lynch. The Morality of Money: An Exploration in Analytic Philosophy. Palgrave MacMillan. New Jersey: Palgrave Mc Millan, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230227804.
Wirman, Eka Putra. “Syekh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabawi; Icon Tholabul Ilmi Minangkabau Masa Lalu Untuk Refleksi Sumatera Barat Hari Ini Dan Masa Depan.” Jurnal Ulunnuha 6, no. 2 (2019): 161–75. https://doi.org/10.15548/ju.v6i2.598.
Zahrah, Al-Imam Muhammad Abu. “Tarikh Al-Mazahib Al-Islamiyah Fi Siyasah Wal Aqaid Wa Tarikh Mazahib Al Fiqhiyah.” Kairo: Dar al-Fikr Al-’Arabi, n.d.