Article Sidebar

Submitted
November 26, 2025
Accepted
July 20, 2026
Published
July 20, 2026
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 27 Download : 19

Main Article Content

Abstract

The enactment of the new Penal Law has removed the authority of local governments to prescribe criminal sanctions in local regulations, raising constitutional concerns regarding the implementation of local autonomy. This study aims, first, to examine how the penal amendments affect the implementation of local autonomy and, second, to formulate short-term and long-term legal policies that local governments should adopt in response to the elimination of this authority. This research employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings reveal that Articles 613 and 615 of the Penal Law are inconsistent with the constitutional principle of regional autonomy guaranteed under Article 18 paragraphs (5) and (6) of the Constitution, as well as the Law on the Formation of Legislation and the Local Government Law. These provisions reflect a centralized legislative policy that weakens local autonomy by limiting the authority of local governments to formulate criminal sanctions. In the short term, local governments should strengthen the enforcement of administrative sanctions to ensure compliance with local regulations. In the long term, Articles 613 and 615 should be repealed to restore the constitutional authority of local governments to prescribe criminal sanctions through local regulations. Such restoration should be accompanied by strengthening the institutional capacity of local law enforcement agencies, particularly the Civil Service Police Unit, and improving correctional facilities to support the effective implementation of local criminal law. This study contributes to the discourse on the constitutional balance between criminal law codification and regional autonomy in Indonesia.

Keywords

Criminal Code Local Regulation Penal Sanctions Regional Autonomy

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Addi Fauzani, Alamsyah Nurahmad Putra, Rahmadina Bella Mahmuda

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

How to Cite
Fauzani, M. A., Putra, A. N., & Mahmuda, R. B. (2026). Reconfiguring Local Criminalization: Constitutional Implications of The New Indonesian Criminal Code For Regional Autonomy. Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 33(2), 298–327. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol33.iss2.art3
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

  1. Ali A, Menguak Tabir Hukum (Suatu Kajian Filosofis Dan Sosiologis), (Chandra Pratama 1996)

  2. Ali M, "Overcriminalization Dalam Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia," Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, Vol. 25 No. 23, 2018.

  3. Ariansyah R, “Efektivitas Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Dalam Peraturan Daerah Kota Bandar Lampung Nomor 3 Tahun 2010 Tentang Pembinaan Anak Jalanan, Gelandangan Dan Pengemis,” Universitas Lampung 2014 as cited in http://digilib.unila.ac.id/3913/, accessed 13 November 2024.

  4. Arif BN, Bunga Rampai Kebijakan Hukum Pidana, (PT Citra Aditya Bakti 1996)

  5. Arios JR and others, ‘"Analisis Sanksi Pidana Pada Peraturan Daerah Kota Medan Nomor 9 Tahun 2012 Tentang Penggunaan Retribusi Kekayaan Daerah," Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial dan Humaniora, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2024.

  6. Asshiddiqie J, Perihal Undang-Undang, (PT Rajawali Grafindo Persada 2010)

  7. BPK RI, “Jumlah Peraturan Daerah,” terdapat dalam https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Search?jenis=19, 2024, accessed 2 November 2024.

  8. Busrizalti HM, Hukum Pemda Otonomi Daerah Dan Implikasinya, (Total Media 2013)

  9. Cahyani H and others, “Kebijakan Pasal-Pasal Kontroversial Dalam RUU KUHP Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Dinamika Sosial Kultur Masyarakat Indonesia,” Journal of Law, Administration, and Social Science, Vol. 2 No. 2, 2022.

  10. Doig A and Skelcher C, "Ethics in Local Government: Evaluating Self-Regulation in England and Wales," Local Government Studies, Vol. 27 No. 1, 2001.

  11. Dwiyanto A, Reformasi; Tata Pemerintah Dan Otonomi Daerah, (Pusat Studi Kependudukan dan Kebijakan UGM 2003)

  12. Enny Nurbaningsih, “Naskah Akademik Rancangan Undang-Undang Tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP),” 2015 https://bphn.go.id/data/documents/naskah_akademik_tentang_kuhp_dengan_lampiran.pdf, accessed 13 November 2024.

  13. Fauzan Muhammad, Djumadi and Ardhanariswari R, "Perumusan Ketentuan Pidana Dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah (Studi Di Kabupaten Purbalingga)," Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, Vol. 8 No. 2, 2008.

  14. Fauzani MA, “Urgensi Penataan Ulang Konsep Desentralisasi Asimetris Dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia” (Universitas Islam Indonesia 2020) https://dspace.uii.ac.id/handle/123456789/28884.

  15. ——, "Politik Hukum Pembentukan Undang-Undang Tentang Pemekaran Daerah Provinsi Di Papua," Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, Vol. 20 No. 3, 2023.

  16. ——, "Alternative Implementation Of Regulations On Taking Over Regional Government Authorities By The Central Government," Petita: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Syariah, Vol. 9 No. 2, 2024.

  17. Ferryansa Z, “Efektifitas Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Atas Pelanggaran Peraturan Daerah Di Kota Surabaya : Studi Atas Perda No.4 Tahun 2000 Tentang Kebersihan, Perda No.17 Tahun 2003 Tentang PKL, Dan Perda No.3 Tahun 2000 Tentang Pendaftaran Penduduk Dan Catatan Sipil,” Universitas Brawijaya 2007, as cited in https://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/109843/, accessed 13 November 2024.

  18. Geisel MS, Martin S Geisel, "The Effectiveness of State and Local Regulation of Handguns: A Statistical Analysis," Duke Law Journal, Vol. 1969 No. 647, 1969.

  19. Greasley S, Stephen Greasley, "Maintaining Ethical Cultures: Self-Regulation in English Local Government," Local Government Studies, Vol. 33 No. 3, 2007.

  20. Hamzah A, Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan, (Sinar Grafika 2005).

  21. Harahap Z, "Pengaturan Tentang Ketentuan Sanksi Dalam Peraturan Daerah," Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, Vol. 13 No. 1, 2016.

  22. Hasyimzoem Y, Hukum Pemerintahan Daerah, (PT Rajagrafindo Persada 2017)

  23. Heddleston T, Thomas Heddleston, "A Tale of Three Cities: Medical Marijuana, Activism, and Local Regulation in California," Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, Vol. 1 No. 35, 2022.

  24. Huda N, Politik Ketatanegaraan Indonesia, (FH UII Press 2003).

  25. ——, Pengawasan Pusat Terhadap Daerah Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah, (FH UII Press 2007).

  26. ——, Hukum Pemerintahan Daerah, (Nusa Media 2009).

  27. ——, Desentralisasi Asimetris Dalam NKRI, (Nusa Media 2014).

  28. ——, Desentralisasi Secara Umum Dan Desentralisasi Asimetris Di Indonesia, (Nusamedia 2021).

  29. Indaryanto W, "Interpretasi Mengenai Ketentuan Pidana Dalam Peraturan Daerah Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta," Wicarana, Vol. 1 No. 1, 2022.

  30. Irianto SS, Metode Penelitian Hukum: Konstelasi Dan Refleksi, (Yaysan Obor 2011).

  31. Jadda AAT and others, "Efektivitas Penerapan Sanksi Terhadap Pelaku Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup Akibat Sampah Di Kota Parepare," Madani Legal Review, Vol. 6 No. 2, 2022, https://jurnal.umpar.ac.id/index.php/malrev/article/view/2027, accessed 13 November 2024.

  32. Jaweng RE, Robert Endi Jaweng, "Kritik Terhadap Desentralisasi Asimetris Di Indonesia," Jurnal Analisis CSIS, Vol. 40 No. 2, 2011.

  33. Jones SP, "State Versus Local Regulation," The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 53 No. 1, 1914.

  34. Kulon Progo Government, “Daftar Perda Yang Memuat Sanksi Pidanda Di Kabupaten Kulon Progo,” 2020 as cited in  https://polpp.kulonprogokab.go.id/files/file_uploads/17da53667ff4e0b87eabf581b78b53f7.pdf, accessed 2 Mei 2026.

  35. Machmud S, Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia, (Graha Ilmu 2012)

  36. Malau P, “Tinjauan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) Baru 2023,”, AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam, Vol. 5 No. 1, 2023.

  37. Manan B, Menyongsong Fajar Otonomi Daerah, (PSH FH UII 2002)

  38. ——, Hukum Positif Indonesia (Suatu Kajian Teoritik), (Fakullas Hukum Ull Press 2004)

  39. Manuahe G, “Sinkronisasi Antara Hukum Pidana Lokal Dalam Peraturan Daerah Dengan Hukum Pidana Kodifikasi,” II Lex Crimen, Vol 2 No. 1, 2023.

  40. Mardhatillah SR, "Urgensi Dan Efektifitas Sanksi Administrasi Dalam Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya Dan Beracun," Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, Vol. 23 No. 3, 2016.

  41. Marzuki PM, Penelitian Hukum, (Kencana Prenada Media Group 2012)

  42. MD M, Membangun Politik Menegakkan Konstitusi, (Rajwali Pers 2010)

  43. ——, Politik Hukum Di Indonesia, (Rajwali Pers 2010)

  44. Meinarsari AA and Nursadi H, "Arah Baru Hubungan Keuangan Pemerintah Pusat Dan Pemerintahan Daerah: Sentralisasi Atau Desentralisasi," Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, Vol. 7 No. 8, 2022.

  45. Mertokusumo S, Mengenal Hukum Suatu Pengantar, (Liberty 1999)

  46. Nonet P, Selznick P and Kagan RA, Law and Society in Transition, Toward Responsive Law, Harper and Row, (Routledge taylor & Francis Group 2001)

  47. Noviansyah A and Riansyah OJ, "Penerapan Sanksi Terhadap Pelanggaran Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Lahat Nomor 32 Tahun 2006 Tentang Usaha Pertambangan Bahan Galian Tambang Golongan C," Jurnal Teknik Patra Akademika, Vol. 6 No. 02, 2015.

  48. Parisi FCE, "The Paradox of Legal Harmonization," Public Choice, Vol. 132 No. 3, 2007.

  49. Perbawati C, ‘"Penerapan Kebijakan Sanksi Pidana Dalam Peraturan Daerah Sebagai Upaya Penanggulangan Kejahatan," Fiat Justisia:Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Vol. 1 No. 1, 2015.

  50. Prasetyo T, "Kebijakan Kriminalisasi Dalam Peraturan Daerah Dan Sinkronisasi Dengan Hukum Pidana Kodifikasi," Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, Vol. 16 No. 1, 2009.

  51. Pratama AY, "Pelaksanaan Desentralisasi Asimetris Dalam Tata Kelola Pemerintahan Daerah Di Era Demokrasi," Jurnal Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, Vol. 28 No. 1, 2015.

  52. Purbacaraka P and Soekanto S, Perihal Kaidah Hukum, (PT CitraAditya Bakti 1993).

  53. Rafi M, “Abolisi Pidana Kurungan Dalam RKUHP : Pengaruh Dan Akibatnya,” (Aliansi Nasional Reformasi KUHP, 16 November 2015) https://reformasikuhp.org/abolisi-pidana-kurungan-dalam-rkuhp-pengaruh-dan-akibatnya/ accessed 13 November 2024.

  54. Riyanto S, “Ringkasan Eksekutif Kerta Kebijakan Catatan Kritis Terhadap Uu No. 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja,” 2020, as cited in https://rispub.law.ugm.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/sites/1049/2020/11/Ringkasan-Eksekutif-Kertas-Kerja-UU-Cipta-Kerja-FH-UGM-5-November-2020-final.pdf accessed 13 November 2024.

  55. Saliman DrAR, "Politik Hukum Perburuhan Di Indonesia : Sebuah Gerak Perubahan Karakter Produk Hukum Dari 1945 –2021," Jurnal Legalitas (JLE), Vol. 1 No. 1, 2023.

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.58819/jle.v1i1.60

  56. Setiadi W, "Sanksi Administratif Sebagai Salah Satu Instrumen Penegakan Hukum Dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan," Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, Vol. 6 No. 4, 2009.

  57. Slamet KG, "Harmonisasi Hukum Dalam Perspektif Perundang-Undangan," Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, Vol. 11 No. 27, 2004.

  58. Soekanto S and Purbacaraka P, Aneka Cara Pembedaan Hukum, (PT Citra Aditya Bakti 1994)

  59. Soeprapto MFI, Llmu Perundang-Undangan: Dasar-Dasar Dan Pembentukannya, (Kanisius 1998)

  60. Sofwan, Jayadi H and Basniati A, “Penegakan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Pelanggaran Peraturan Daerah (Kajian Terhadap Pelaksanaan Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat,” Jurnal Kompilasi Hukum, Vol. 8 No. 2, 2023.

  61. Suharyo S, "Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah, Dan Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Serta Problematikanya," Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, Vol. 4 No. 3, 2015.

  62. Suratman PD, Metode Penelitian Hukum, Dilengkapi Tata Cara & Contoh Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Bidang Hukum, (Alfabeta 2015).

  63. Susanto SNH, "Karakter Yuridis Sanksi Hukum Administrasi: Suatu Pendekatan Komparasi," Administrative Law and Governance Journal, Vol. 2 No. 1, 2019.

  64. Syamsudin M, Operasionalisasi Penelitian Hukum.

  65. Syaukani I and Thohari AA, Dasar-Dasar Politik Hukum, (Raja Grafindo Persada 2006)

  66. Tauda GA, "Desain Desentralisasi Asimetris Dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Republik Indonesia," Jurnal Administrative Law & Governance, Vol. 1 No. 4, 2018.

  67. Waluyo B, Penelitian Hukum Dalam Praktek, (Sinar Grafika 2008)