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Abstract
This paper analyzed pawn in comparison between the Civil Code and Islamic law. It examined the specific differences between pawn contracts in Islamic law and Indonesian positive law to compare two contract theories. The method used in this paper is a qualitative approach. The type used in writing this article is library research. The author examines, observes and looks for data from reference books that can be accounted for. The result of the research in this paper is that the term pawn in Islamic law is called ar-rahn. The difference between rahn and pawn in positive law, among others, is regarding the maintenance of the collateral. In Islamic law the pawnbroker is not subject to the term interest or additional costs outside the pawn agreement, but there is only an additional maintenance fee for the collateral. Whereas in positive law, in addition to the cost of maintaining goods, there is also an additional cost called 'interest' that must be borne by the lender. In Islamic law collateral goods are not limited to movable goods, but also immovable goods, while in positive law the collateral object is only limited to movable goods.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Aang Asari , Muhammad Irkham Firdaus
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References
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- Aji, K., Anam, S., & Fauzi, R. A. (2021). Studi komparasi jaminan barang bergerak dan tidak bergerak dalam gadai perspektif hukum Islam dan hukum perdata [Comparative study of movable and immovable property collateral in the perspective of Islamic law and civil law]. Ulumuna: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 7(2), 214-230. http://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/madura/index.php/ulumuna/article/view/5257
- Anshori, A. G. (2005). Gadai syariah di Indonesia [Islamic pawnshops in Indonesia]. Gadjah Mada Press.
- Antonio, M. S. (2008). Bank syariah dari teori ke praktik [Islamic banking from theory to practice]. Gema Insani Press.
- Ashibly. (2018). Hukum jaminan [Guarantee law]. MIH Unihaz.
- Basyir, A. A. (2000). Principles of muamalat (Islamic civil law). UII Press.
- Bawono, A. C. (2012, January 12). Kedudukan KUH Pidana dan KUH Perdata dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan [The position of the Criminal Code and the Civil Code in the hierarchy of laws and regulations]. Hukum Online. https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/kedudukan-kuh-pidana-dan-kuh-perdata-dalam-hierarki-peraturan-perundang-undangan-lt4f1e71d674972
- Choirunnisak, C., & Handayani, D. L. (2020). Gadai dalam Islam [Pawn in Islam]. Ekonomica Sharia: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pengembangan Perbankan Syariah, 6(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.36908/esha.v6i1.141
- Dalimunthe, D. (2018). Objek gadai dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (BW) [Pawn objects in the Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek voor Indonesie)]. Yurisprudentia: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi, 4(1), 50-66. http://jurnal.iain-padangsidimpuan.ac.id/index.php/yurisprudentia/article/view/1497
- Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia. (2006). Himpunan Fatwa Dewan Syariah [Collection of Fatwas of Sharia Council]. Gaung Persada Press.
- Febriani, A. Y., & Arsika, I. M. B. (2014). Tanggung jawab kreditor atas hilanya barang gadai [Responsibility of creditors for the loss of pawn goods]. Khertha Semaya, 2(6), 1–5. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kerthasemaya/article/view/10645
- Firdaus, M. I. (2022). Criticism analysis of the effectiveness of Indonesia’s economic criminal policy in the perspective of Islamic law. JCH (Jurnal Cendekia Hukum), 8(1), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.3376/jch.v8i1.570
- Firdaus, M. I., & Fitiyani, M. (2022). Shariah perspective on investing in islamic capital market: A qualitative study. Journal of Islamic Economic and Business Research, 2(1), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.18196/jiebr.v2i1.45
- Firdaus, M. I., Tifani, M. A. A., Putri, S. F. R. A., & Zulfikri. (2022). Implementation of the qardh agreement on the financial technology lending platform in the development of small and medium enterprises (SME) in Indonesia. Al-Iktisab: Journal of Islamic Economic Law, 6(1), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1891/9780826186867.0006
- Ghafar, A. A., & Purwoadmojo, J. (2019). Pemanfaatan barang gadai dalam perjanjian hutang di bawah tangan [Utilization of pawn goods in private debt agreements]. Notarius, 12(1), 484–499. https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v12i1.28899
- Ghazaly, A. R., Ihsan, G., & Shidiq, S. (2010). Fiqh muamalat [Fiqh muamalah]. Prenadamedia Group.
- Hadi, M. S. (2003). Pegadaian syariah [Sharia pawnshop]. Salemba Diniyah.
- Haryanto, B. S. (2010). Kedudukan gadai syariah (rahn) dalam sistem hukum jaminan Indonesia [The position of sharia pawning (rahn) in the Indonesian guarantee legal system]. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 10(1), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2010.10.1.133
- Hindi, A., & Rahmah, S. (2019). Tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap praktek gadai sawah tanpa batas waktu di Desa Barumbung Kecamatan Matakali [Review of Islamic law on the practice of pawning rice fields without a time limit in Barumbung Village, Matakali District]. J-ALIF Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Dan Sosial Budaya Islam, 4(2), 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35329/jalif.v4i2.1714
- Kashadi, P. P. (2001). Hukum jaminan (Edisi revisi dengan UUHT) [Guarantee law (Revised edition with Mortgage Law)]. Fakultas Hukum Universitas Diponegoro.
- Kelibia, M. U. (2021). Studi komparasi konsep biaya pemeliharaan barang jaminan dan konsep bunga dalam prespektif hukum ekonomi syariah (Pegadaian syariah dan pegadaian konvensional di Ambon) [Comparative study of the concept of the cost of maintaining collateral and the concept of interest in the perspective of sharia economic law (Sharia pawnshops and conventional pawnshops in Ambon)]. AMAL: Journal of Islamic Economic and Business (JIEB), 3(1), 48–75. https://iainambon.ac.id/ojs/ojs-2/index.php/amal/article/view/2391
- Khoirunnazilah, Nurwanti, & Larasati, A. (2022). Perkembangan konsep rahn dalam pegadaian [The development of the concept of rahn in pawnshops]. Jurnal Ilmu Akuntansi dan Bisnis Syariah, 4(1), 33-48. https://doi.org/10.15575/aksy.v4i1.17099
- Kusuma, R. S. W. S. (2014). Dinamika personal dan corporate guarantee di dunia perbankan di Indonesia [The dynamics of personal and corporate guarantees in the banking industry in Indonesia]. Jurnal Repertorium, 1(2), 38-43. https://jurnal.hukum.uns.ac.id/index.php/repertorium/article/view/563
- Lastriyah, & Nasution, A. D. (2018). Analysis of soil pawn farming practices in oyotan systems in Ngemplak Village, Windusari District, Magelang District (Perspective of Sharia Economic Law Compilation). Prosiding Business and Economics Conference in Utilizing of Modern Technology. https://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/conference/article/view/3643
- Mulyati, E., & Dwiputri, F. A. (2018). Prinsip kehati-hatian dalam menganalisis jaminan kebendaan sebagai pengaman perjanjian kredit perbankan [The precautionary principle in analyzing material guarantees as a safeguard for bank credit agreements]. ACTA DIURNAL: Jurnal Hukum Kenotariatan, 1(2), 134-148. http://jurnal.fh.unpad.ac.id/index.php/acta/article/view/164
- Prapti, Rahayu, D., & Sulaiman. (2020). Metode penelitian hukum [Legal research methods]. Thafa Media.
- Sarwat, A. (2018). Ensiklopedia Fikih Indonesia: Muamalat [Encyclopedia of Indonesian Fiqh: Muamalat]. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
- Satrio, J. (1991). Hukum jaminan: Hak-hak jaminan kebendaan [Guarantee law: Guaranteed property rights]. PT. Citra Aditya Bhakti.
- Subekti, R., & Tjitrosudibio. (2008). Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata [Code of Civil Law]. PT. Pradnya Paramita.
- Surepno. (2018). Studi implementasi akad rahn (gadai syariah) pada lembaga keuangan syariah [Study of the implementation of the rahn (sharia pawn) contract in Islamic financial institutions]. Tawazun: Journal of Sharia Economic Law, 1(2), 174–186. https://doi.org/10.21043/tawazun.v1i2.5090
- Syafi’i, R. (2000). Fiqih Muamalah [Fiqh Muamalah]. CV Pustaka Setia.
- Tirana, G., Abubakar, L., & Handayani, T. (2019). Perlindungan hukum terhadap pembeli piutang atas jaminan hak guna bangunan dalam perjanjian kredit sindikasi [Legal protection for buyers of receivables for collateral for building use rights in syndicated credit agreements]. ACTA DIURNAL: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan, 2(32), 267-285. http://jurnal.fh.unpad.ac.id/index.php/acta/article/view/213
References
Adjie, H., & Saputro, E. H. (2015). Perlindungan hukum bagi pemilik objek gadai atas pelelangan objek gadai [Legal protection for the owner of the object of pawn over the auction of the object of pawning]. Jurnal Hukum Bisnis, 1(1), 52-65. https://doi.org/10.33121/hukumbisnis.v1i1.57
Aji, K., Anam, S., & Fauzi, R. A. (2021). Studi komparasi jaminan barang bergerak dan tidak bergerak dalam gadai perspektif hukum Islam dan hukum perdata [Comparative study of movable and immovable property collateral in the perspective of Islamic law and civil law]. Ulumuna: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 7(2), 214-230. http://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/madura/index.php/ulumuna/article/view/5257
Anshori, A. G. (2005). Gadai syariah di Indonesia [Islamic pawnshops in Indonesia]. Gadjah Mada Press.
Antonio, M. S. (2008). Bank syariah dari teori ke praktik [Islamic banking from theory to practice]. Gema Insani Press.
Ashibly. (2018). Hukum jaminan [Guarantee law]. MIH Unihaz.
Basyir, A. A. (2000). Principles of muamalat (Islamic civil law). UII Press.
Bawono, A. C. (2012, January 12). Kedudukan KUH Pidana dan KUH Perdata dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan [The position of the Criminal Code and the Civil Code in the hierarchy of laws and regulations]. Hukum Online. https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/kedudukan-kuh-pidana-dan-kuh-perdata-dalam-hierarki-peraturan-perundang-undangan-lt4f1e71d674972
Choirunnisak, C., & Handayani, D. L. (2020). Gadai dalam Islam [Pawn in Islam]. Ekonomica Sharia: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pengembangan Perbankan Syariah, 6(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.36908/esha.v6i1.141
Dalimunthe, D. (2018). Objek gadai dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (BW) [Pawn objects in the Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek voor Indonesie)]. Yurisprudentia: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi, 4(1), 50-66. http://jurnal.iain-padangsidimpuan.ac.id/index.php/yurisprudentia/article/view/1497
Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia. (2006). Himpunan Fatwa Dewan Syariah [Collection of Fatwas of Sharia Council]. Gaung Persada Press.
Febriani, A. Y., & Arsika, I. M. B. (2014). Tanggung jawab kreditor atas hilanya barang gadai [Responsibility of creditors for the loss of pawn goods]. Khertha Semaya, 2(6), 1–5. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kerthasemaya/article/view/10645
Firdaus, M. I. (2022). Criticism analysis of the effectiveness of Indonesia’s economic criminal policy in the perspective of Islamic law. JCH (Jurnal Cendekia Hukum), 8(1), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.3376/jch.v8i1.570
Firdaus, M. I., & Fitiyani, M. (2022). Shariah perspective on investing in islamic capital market: A qualitative study. Journal of Islamic Economic and Business Research, 2(1), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.18196/jiebr.v2i1.45
Firdaus, M. I., Tifani, M. A. A., Putri, S. F. R. A., & Zulfikri. (2022). Implementation of the qardh agreement on the financial technology lending platform in the development of small and medium enterprises (SME) in Indonesia. Al-Iktisab: Journal of Islamic Economic Law, 6(1), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1891/9780826186867.0006
Ghafar, A. A., & Purwoadmojo, J. (2019). Pemanfaatan barang gadai dalam perjanjian hutang di bawah tangan [Utilization of pawn goods in private debt agreements]. Notarius, 12(1), 484–499. https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v12i1.28899
Ghazaly, A. R., Ihsan, G., & Shidiq, S. (2010). Fiqh muamalat [Fiqh muamalah]. Prenadamedia Group.
Hadi, M. S. (2003). Pegadaian syariah [Sharia pawnshop]. Salemba Diniyah.
Haryanto, B. S. (2010). Kedudukan gadai syariah (rahn) dalam sistem hukum jaminan Indonesia [The position of sharia pawning (rahn) in the Indonesian guarantee legal system]. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 10(1), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2010.10.1.133
Hindi, A., & Rahmah, S. (2019). Tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap praktek gadai sawah tanpa batas waktu di Desa Barumbung Kecamatan Matakali [Review of Islamic law on the practice of pawning rice fields without a time limit in Barumbung Village, Matakali District]. J-ALIF Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Dan Sosial Budaya Islam, 4(2), 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35329/jalif.v4i2.1714
Kashadi, P. P. (2001). Hukum jaminan (Edisi revisi dengan UUHT) [Guarantee law (Revised edition with Mortgage Law)]. Fakultas Hukum Universitas Diponegoro.
Kelibia, M. U. (2021). Studi komparasi konsep biaya pemeliharaan barang jaminan dan konsep bunga dalam prespektif hukum ekonomi syariah (Pegadaian syariah dan pegadaian konvensional di Ambon) [Comparative study of the concept of the cost of maintaining collateral and the concept of interest in the perspective of sharia economic law (Sharia pawnshops and conventional pawnshops in Ambon)]. AMAL: Journal of Islamic Economic and Business (JIEB), 3(1), 48–75. https://iainambon.ac.id/ojs/ojs-2/index.php/amal/article/view/2391
Khoirunnazilah, Nurwanti, & Larasati, A. (2022). Perkembangan konsep rahn dalam pegadaian [The development of the concept of rahn in pawnshops]. Jurnal Ilmu Akuntansi dan Bisnis Syariah, 4(1), 33-48. https://doi.org/10.15575/aksy.v4i1.17099
Kusuma, R. S. W. S. (2014). Dinamika personal dan corporate guarantee di dunia perbankan di Indonesia [The dynamics of personal and corporate guarantees in the banking industry in Indonesia]. Jurnal Repertorium, 1(2), 38-43. https://jurnal.hukum.uns.ac.id/index.php/repertorium/article/view/563
Lastriyah, & Nasution, A. D. (2018). Analysis of soil pawn farming practices in oyotan systems in Ngemplak Village, Windusari District, Magelang District (Perspective of Sharia Economic Law Compilation). Prosiding Business and Economics Conference in Utilizing of Modern Technology. https://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/conference/article/view/3643
Mulyati, E., & Dwiputri, F. A. (2018). Prinsip kehati-hatian dalam menganalisis jaminan kebendaan sebagai pengaman perjanjian kredit perbankan [The precautionary principle in analyzing material guarantees as a safeguard for bank credit agreements]. ACTA DIURNAL: Jurnal Hukum Kenotariatan, 1(2), 134-148. http://jurnal.fh.unpad.ac.id/index.php/acta/article/view/164
Prapti, Rahayu, D., & Sulaiman. (2020). Metode penelitian hukum [Legal research methods]. Thafa Media.
Sarwat, A. (2018). Ensiklopedia Fikih Indonesia: Muamalat [Encyclopedia of Indonesian Fiqh: Muamalat]. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Satrio, J. (1991). Hukum jaminan: Hak-hak jaminan kebendaan [Guarantee law: Guaranteed property rights]. PT. Citra Aditya Bhakti.
Subekti, R., & Tjitrosudibio. (2008). Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata [Code of Civil Law]. PT. Pradnya Paramita.
Surepno. (2018). Studi implementasi akad rahn (gadai syariah) pada lembaga keuangan syariah [Study of the implementation of the rahn (sharia pawn) contract in Islamic financial institutions]. Tawazun: Journal of Sharia Economic Law, 1(2), 174–186. https://doi.org/10.21043/tawazun.v1i2.5090
Syafi’i, R. (2000). Fiqih Muamalah [Fiqh Muamalah]. CV Pustaka Setia.
Tirana, G., Abubakar, L., & Handayani, T. (2019). Perlindungan hukum terhadap pembeli piutang atas jaminan hak guna bangunan dalam perjanjian kredit sindikasi [Legal protection for buyers of receivables for collateral for building use rights in syndicated credit agreements]. ACTA DIURNAL: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan, 2(32), 267-285. http://jurnal.fh.unpad.ac.id/index.php/acta/article/view/213