Main Article Content

Abstract

Introduction
Bank Syariah Indonesia participates in disbursing kredit usaha rakyat (KUR) mikro with a maximum financing ceiling of Rp 100 million without requiring collateral. This is worth further investigation, especially from the perspective of financing risk mitigation.
Objectives
This research aims to identify risk mitigation strategies to reduce the impact on non-performing financings from kredit usaha rakyat mikro.
Method
The study is located at Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Ujung Berung 1 in the city of Bandung, using a qualitative descriptive method. Research data is processed using interview and documentation techniques.
Results
Field findings indicate dynamic disbursement of KUR from January to April, totaling Rp 3.69 million. In April 2023, delinquent credits decreased by 0.5% from 6.6% in March 2023 to 6.1%. This is evidenced by the risk mitigation strategy used to address delinquent credits, which involves identifying customers who meet established criteria and conducting necessary checks, such as BI checking/SLIK, trade checking, and market checking. Additionally, the bank requires customers to obtain life insurance before applying for financing.
Implications
The research motivates Islamic bank management to reduce financial risk in financing to micro, small, and medium enterprises by improving their financial risk mitigation.
Originality/Novelty
This study can serve as a reference for banks to reduce the risk of non-performing financing by implementing credit risk mitigation strategies.

Keywords

Bank Syariah Indonesia collateral-free financing financial risk mitigation kredit usaha rakyat mikro

Article Details

How to Cite
Gustini, Y. ., Amaliah, I. ., & Hartono, B. . (2023). Financial risk mitigation of collateral-free kredit usaha rakyat mikro at Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Ujung Berung 1. Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, 9(2), 353–370. https://doi.org/10.20885/jielariba.vol9.iss2.art5

References

  1. Adham, R. (2020). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kredit macet pada KUR mikro (Studi kasus nasabah KUR mikro PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Unit Kappuna) [Factors that influence bad credit in micro KUR (Case study of micro KUR customers of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Kappuna Unit)] [Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palopo]. http://repository.umpalopo.ac.id/402/

  2. Adinugraha, H. H. (2023). The state-owned Islamic banks merger: Empirical evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Management Studies, 6(1), 17–41. https://www.publications.waim.my/index.php/jims/article/view/225

  3. Ahdiat, A. (2022, October 28). Ini bank penyalur kredit usaha rakyat terbesar sampai 2022 [This is the largest bank distributing KUR until 2022] [HTML]. Databoks. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/10/28/ini-bank-penyalur-kredit-usaha-rakyat-terbesar-sampai-2022

  4. Annur, C. M. (2023, October 19). 10 negara dengan populasi muslim terbanyak dunia 2023, Indonesia memimpin! [10 countries with the largest Muslim population in the world in 2023, Indonesia leads!] [HTML]. Databoks. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2023/10/19/10-negara-dengan-populasi-muslim-terbanyak-dunia-2023-indonesia-memimpin

  5. Asari, A., & Firdaus, M. I. (2022). Comparison of rahn contract from the perspective of Islamic law and Indonesian guarantee law. Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, 8(2), 255–270. https://doi.org/10.20885/jielariba.vol8.iss2.art1

  6. Aspiranti, T., Hadi, A., Amaliah, I., & Mafruhat, A. Y. (2019). Non-performing financing and asset quality: Evidence from Indonesian Islamic Banks. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 10(6), 1–23. https://www.ijicc.net/images/vol10iss6/10601_Aspiranti_2019_E_R.pdf

  7. Belal, A. R., Abdelsalam, O., & Nizamee, S. S. (2015). Ethical Reporting in Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (1983–2010). Journal of Business Ethics, 129(4), 769–784. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2133-8

  8. Destiana, R. (2016). Analisis faktor-faktor internal yang mempengaruhi pembiayaan usaha mikro kecil dan menengah (UMKM) pada bank syariah di Indonesia [Analysis of internal factors that influence micro, small and medium enterprise financing at sharia banks in Indonesia]. Jurnal Riset Keuangan Dan Akuntansi, 2(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.25134/jrka.v2i1.444

  9. Fatoni, A., & Sidiq, S. (2019). Analisis perbandingan stabilitas sistem perbankan syariah dan konvensional di Indonesia [Comparative analysis of the stability of the sharia and conventional banking systems in Indonesia]. Ekspansi: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan, Perbankan Dan Akuntansi, 11(2), 179–198. https://doi.org/10.35313/ekspansi.v11i2.1350

  10. Haryetti, H., & Rokhmawati, A. (2021). Does good corporate governance mediate risk management implementation and financial performance of Indonesian commercial banks? Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 56(3). http://jsju.org/index.php/journal/article/view/919

  11. Hidayat, S., & Fageh, A. (2022). The merger of state-owned enterprises of Bank Syariah Indonesia in positive legal review and maqashid syariah. IQTISHADIA Jurnal Ekonomi & Perbankan Syariah, 9(2), 180–191. https://doi.org/10.19105/iqtishadia.v9i2.6547

  12. Huda, M. M., & Yunita, R. (2022). Mitigasi risiko pembiayaan kredit usaha rakyat (KUR) di Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) Kantor Cabang Pembantu (KCP) Jombang Ploso dalam mewujudkan pembiayaan yang sehat [Risk mitigation for people’s business credit (KUR) financing at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) Jombang Ploso Sub-Branch Office (KCP) in realizing healthy financing]. Falahiya: Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance, 1(2), 111–119. https://doi.org/10.21154/falahiya.v1i2.1114

  13. Husna, L. (2022). Kinerja merger bank syariah di Indonesia: Sebuah analisis pasca merger [Performance of Islamic bank mergers in Indonesia: A post-merger analysis]. Qonun Iqtishad EL Madani Journal, 2(1), 7–11. http://journal.marwah-madani-riau.id/index.php/QIIMJ/article/view/50

  14. Irawati, S. A., & Wantara, P. (2023). Implementasi prinsip-prinsip program one village one product (OVOP) dalam mengembangkan jiwa wirausaha pengrajin sangkar burung Desa Jaddih Kabupaten Bangkalan masa pandemi Covid 19 [Implementation of the principles of the one village one product (OVOP) program in developing the entrepreneurial spirit of bird cage craftsmen in Jaddih Village, Bangkalan Regency during the Covid 19 pandemic]. Competence : Journal of Management Studies, 17(2), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.21107/kompetensi.v17i2.23117

  15. Islam, Md. S. (2020). Role of Islamic microfinance in women’s empowerment: Evidence from Rural Development Scheme of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 13(1), 26–45. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-11-2019-0174

  16. Islami, A. (2021). Analisis jaminan dalam akad-akad bagi hasil (akad mudharabah dan akad musyarakah) di perbankan syariah [Analysis of collateral in profit sharing contracts (mudharabah contracts and musyarakah contracts) in sharia banking]. Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 4(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.30595/jhes.v4i1.9903

  17. Jamaluddin, F. (2018). Mitigasi resiko kredit perbankan [Banking credit risk mitigation]. Al-Amwal : Journal of Islamic Economic Law, 3(1), 83–95. https://doi.org/10.24256/alw.v3i1.201

  18. Kurniasari, C. T., Nasution, K., & Setyadji, S. (2020). Dasar hukum pelaksanaan mitigasi resiko kredit pada sektor perbankan di Indonesia [Legal basis for implementing credit risk mitigation in the banking sector in Indonesia]. Akrab Juara : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 5(1), 107–119. https://akrabjuara.com/index.php/akrabjuara/article/view/924

  19. Kurniasari, P., Ni’mah, A., & Hana, K. F. (2022). Analisis sinkronisasi budaya kerja sumber daya manusia pada Bank Syariah Indonesia setelah merger [Analysis of the synchronization of human resources work culture at Bank Syariah Indonesia after the merger]. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 4(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.24239/jiebi.v4i1.91.31-41

  20. Marson, H. (2022). Determinasi kualitas kredit usaha rakyat: Prosedur penyelamatan, mitigasi resiko dan penjaminan kredit (Studi literatur manajemen pemasaran) [Determining the quality of kredit usaha rakyat: Rescue procedures, risk mitigation and credit guarantees (Marketing management literature study)]. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Sosial, 3(1), 276–285. https://doi.org/10.38035/jmpis.v3i1.873

  21. Marwansyah, S. (2013). Analisis kredit bermasalah pada Bank “X” periode 2007-2010 [Analysis of non-performing loans at Bank “X” 2007-2010 ]. Jurnal Perspektif, 11(2), 182–190. https://doi.org/10.31294/jp.v11i2.5421

  22. Mulyati, E., & Dwiputri, F. A. (2018). Prinsip kehati-hatian dalam menganalisis jaminan kebendaan sebagai pengaman perjanjian kredit perbankan [The principle of prudence in analyzing material collateral as a safeguard for banking credit agreements]. ACTA DIURNAL Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan, 1(2), 134–148. https://jurnal.fh.unpad.ac.id/index.php/acta/article/view/164

  23. Mustikawati, N. (2013). Penerapan manajemen risiko untuk meminimalisir risiko kredit macet (Studi pada PT. Bank Tabungan Pensiunan Nasional Cabang Kediri) [Implementation of risk management to minimize the risk of bad credit (Study at PT. Bank Tabungan Pensiunan Nasional Kediri Branch)]. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 4(1), Article 1. http://administrasibisnis.studentjournal.ub.ac.id/index.php/jab/article/view/161

  24. Nasution, M. L. I. (2021). Analisis mekanisme audit pembiayaan pada bank syariah [Analysis of financing audit mechanisms in Islamic banks]. HUMAN FALAH: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 8(1), 98–109. https://doi.org/10.30829/hf.v8i1.10212

  25. Nur, K. A., & Septiarini, D. F. (2020). Penerapan mitigasi risiko pembiayaan oto ib hasanah pada BNI Syariah KCP Gresik [Implementation of risk mitigation for Ib Hasanah auto financing at BNI Syariah KCP Gresik]. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori Dan Terapan, 6(4), 744. https://doi.org/10.20473/vol6iss20194pp744-762

  26. Nurhayati, P., & Budhiawan, A. (2023). Implementasi polis asuransi jiwa sebagai objek jaminan tambahan dalam mitigasi risiko pembiyaan pada bank (Studi di PT. Bank Sumatera Utara Syariah Cabang Medan) [Implementation of a life insurance policy as an additional collateral object in mitigating financing risks at banks (Study at PT. Bank Sumatra Utara Syariah Medan Branch)]. UNES Law Review, 5(4), 4172–4182. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v5i4.727

  27. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2023, March). Statistik perbankan syariah—Januari 2023 [Islamic banking statistics—January 2023] [HTML]. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. https://ojk.go.id/id/kanal/syariah/data-dan-statistik/statistik-perbankan-syariah/Pages/Statistik-Perbankan-Syariah---Januari-2023.aspx

  28. Purmiyati, A., Berma, M., Talib, B. A., & Rakhima, M. S. (2019). The role of banking capital in industrial sector micro enterprises for poverty alleviation: A study in East Java, Indonesia. Foundations of Management, 11(1), 131–142. https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/fman-2019-0011

  29. Rahardiansyah, R. F., Purnamaputra, M. Z., Dhea, P. A., & Wilujeng, P. S. (2022). Indikasi moral hazard dan strategi mitigasi risiko dalam pembiayaan mudharabah pada perbankan syariah di Indonesia [Indications of moral hazard and risk mitigation strategies in mudharabah financing in sharia banking in Indonesia]. Al-Muhasib: Journal of Islamic Accounting and Finance, 2(1), 119–151. https://doi.org/10.30762/almuhasib.v2i1.188

  30. Salsabil, S. (2022). Perspektif fenomena merger terhadap bank syariah di Indonesia [Perspective of the merger phenomenon on Islamic banks in Indonesia]. Jurnal Perbankan Syariah Indonesia (JPSI), 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.57171/jpsi.v1i1.1

  31. Sipayung, B., & Ardiani, A. (2022). Manajemen risiko dalam pertimbangan pengajuan pinjaman dana pemulihan ekonomi nasional (PEN) daerah [Risk management in considering loan applications for regional national economic recovery funds]. Kinerja : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 19(4), 666–677. https://doi.org/10.30872/jkin.v19i4.12108

  32. Sucianty, F. I., & Manda, G. S. (2022). Analisis manajemen risiko kredit usaha (KUR) untuk meminimalkan kredit bermasalah: Studi kasus PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Barat dan Banten Tbk. Periode 2016-2020 [Analysis of business credit risk management (KUR) to minimize problem loans: Case study of PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Barat dan Banten Tbk. 2016-2020]. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 8(24), 18–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7460372

  33. Suginam, S., Rahayu, S., & Purba, E. (2021). Efektivitas penyaluran KUR (kredit usaha rakyat) untuk pengembangan UMKM [Effectiveness of KUR (people’s business credit) distribution for the development of micro, small and medium enterprises]. Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi Dan Syariah (EKUITAS), 3(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.47065/ekuitas.v3i1.1024

  34. Suharyo, A., Aji, S., & Asfarani, S. (2022). Implementasi kebijakan program kredit usaha rakyat dalam pengembangan UMKM Kecamatan Pringsewu [Implementation of the people’s business credit program policy in developing micro, small and medium enterprises in Pringsewu District]. E-JKPP, 8(2), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.36448/ejkpp.v8i2.2683

  35. Suryani, E. (2018). The importance of lender-borrower relationships to the availability of small and micro credit: Case study on Indonesian kredit usaha rakyat loans. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 8(4), 1–9. https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/6493

  36. Sutrisno, S., Panggalo, L., Asir, M., Yusuf, M., & Cakranegara, P. A. (2023). Literature review: Mitigasi resiko dan prosedur penyelamatan pada sistem perkreditan rakyat [Literature review: Risk mitigation and rescue procedures in the people’s credit system]. Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING), 6(2), 1154–1167. https://doi.org/10.31539/costing.v6i2.4879

  37. Suwitoyo, A., Tarjo, T., & Anggono, A. (2021). Menelisik lika-liku modus manipulasi kredit dalam perbankan [Examining the ins and outs of credit manipulation modes in banking]. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 12(2), 449–466. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jamal.2021.12.2.26

  38. Tiyana, T., Husnah, R., & Rosinawati, D. (2023). Analisis prosedur dan persyaratan pembiayaan mudharabah di Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Ujung Berung1 [Analysis of mudharabah financing procedures and requirements at Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Ujung Berung1]. EKSISBANK: Ekonomi Syariah Dan Bisnis Perbankan, 7(1), 53–65. https://doi.org/10.37726/ee.v7i1.773

  39. Ulirrahmi, F. (2023). Peer to peer lending syari’ah: Wadah investasi bisnis sektor riil untuk pengembangan UMKM [Sharia peer to peer lending: A real sector business investment platform for the development of micro, small and medium enterprises]. Al-Hiwalah : Journal Syariah Economic Law, 2(1), 18–36. https://doi.org/10.47766/alhiwalah.v2i1.1471

  40. Usanti, T. P. (2020). Legal risk mitigations on trademark rights as bank guarantee credit. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(9), 240–247. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i9.2025

  41. Utami, A. D., Risfandy, T., & Rahardjoputri, R. (2022). Islamic banks’ merger: The case of Bank Syariah Indonesia. International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, 15(3), 201–212. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMEF.2022.126904

  42. Viviani, V., Aini, M., & Hana, K. F. (2022). Faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan pembiayaan bermasalah pada Bank Syariah Indonesia Cabang Kudus masa pandemi Covid-19 [Factors influencing the increase in problematic financing at Bank Syariah Indonesia Kudus Branch during the Covid-19 pandemic]. Al-Bank: Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance, 2(2), 139–150. https://doi.org/10.31958/ab.v2i2.6316

  43. Wahyono, T., & Cahyono, A. D. (2015). Pengembangan model mitigasi resiko kredit berbasis komputasional untuk meningkatkan kemampuan manajemen resiko bagi koperasi [Development of a computational-based credit risk mitigation model to improve risk management capabilities for cooperatives]. Jurnal Sistem Komputer Universitas Diponegoro, 5(1), 11–18. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308670708_Pengembangan_Model_Mitigasi_Resiko_Kredit_Berbasis_Komputasional_Untuk_Meningkatkan_Kemampuan_Manajemen_Resiko_Bagi_Koperasi

  44. Yusuf, M., & Ichsan, R. N. (2021). Analysis of banking performance in the aftermath of the merger of Bank Syariah Indonesia in Covid 19. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 2(2), 472–478. https://doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i2.182