Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Attarasa (L.a cubeba (Lour.) Pers.) is a potential Indonesian medicinal plant that is used as a cold remedy, head ulcers, antimicrobials, antioxidants, and anticancer drugs.
Objective: This research was conducted to analyze the immunomodulatory effect of bark (EEKBA) and fruit of attarasa ethanolic extract (EEBA) by detecting its phagocytosis activity in male mice using carbon clearance method.
Method: Total of 24 male mice were divided into 6 groups. Extract was orally administered to mices for 7 days at the dose of 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, and 400 mg/kg BW. Imboost® suspension at the dose of 32.5 mg/kg BW and CMC-Na 1 % suspension was orally administered in positive control, negative control and normal groups. On the 8th day, 0.1 ml carbon suspension was given through intravenous tail injection. The blood samples were withdrawn at 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after injection of carbon suspension to find out the carbon absorbance contained in the blood that was measured using spectrophotometer then the carbon elimination speed, phagocytic index, and the stimulation index has been calculated
Result: EEKBA and EEBA at the dose of 400 mg/kg BW induced the higher carbon elimination rate in mice compared to EEKBA and EEBA dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg BW. Phagocytic index of macrophage in mice given with EEKBA and EEBA at dose of 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kg BW were 3.429, 3.501, and 3.925 for EEKBA consecutively; 4.289, 4.375 and 4.732 for EEBA respectively. Stimulation index of macrophage in mice given with EEKBA and EEBA at dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW were 1.00; 1.20, 1,02; 1,23, and 1,13; 1,33. Based on the results of statistical test, EEKBA and EEBA administration at the dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW stimulate the phagocytosis activity of the macrophage of male mice and significantly has different result compared to normal control group (p < 0.05). Phagocytosis activity was best shown at the mice group that administered EEKBA and EEBA at dose of 400 mg/kg BW and was shown not significantly different compared to positive control group (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: EEKBA and EEBA have immunomodulatory effect by increasing the phagocytosis activity of mice.
Keywords: immunomodulatory, Litsea cubeba, carbon clearance, phagocytosis activity
Intisari
Latar belakang: Attarasa (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.) merupakan tumbuhan obat potensial Indonesia yang digunakan sebagai obat flu, borok dikepala, antimikroba, antioksidan dan antikanker.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk dapat mengamati efek imunomodulator Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang (EEKBA) dan Ekstrak Etanol Buah Attarasa (EEBA) terhadap aktivitas fagositosis pada mencit jantan dengan menggunakan metode carbon clearance.
Metode: Sebanyak 24 ekor mencit jantan dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Ekstrak diberikan secara per oral selama 7 hari pada mencit jantan dengan dosis 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kg BB. Suspensi imboost® dengan dosis 32,5 mg/kg BB, suspensi CMC-Na 1% diberikan pada kelompok kontrol positif, negatif, dan normal. Pada hari ke-8 disuntikkan suspensi karbon 0,1 ml secara intravena di ekor mencit. Sampel darah dikumpulkan pada menit ke-5, 10, 15, dan 20 setelah diinjeksi dengan suspensi karbon untuk mengetahui absorbansi karbon dalam darah yang diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer kemudian dihitung kecepatan eliminasi karbon, indeks fagositosis, dan indeks stimulasinya.
Hasil: EEKBA and EEBA dosis 400 mg/kg BB menghasilkan kecepatan eliminasi karbon yang paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan EEAB dan EEAF 100 dan 200 mg/kg BB. Indeks fagositosis yang dihasilkan dari pemejanan EEKBA and EEBA dosis 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kg BB terhadap hewan uji yaitu 3,429; 4,289; 3,501; 4,375 dan 3,925; 4,732. Indeks stimulasi makrofag yang diperoleh setelah hewan uji dipejani dengan EEKBA and EEBA dosis 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kg BB yaitu 1,00; 1,20, 1,02; 1,23, dan 1,13; 1,33. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik, pemberian EEKBA and EEBA pada dosis 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kg BB dapat meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis pada mencit jantan dan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dengan CMC-Na 1% dan kelompok normal (p<0,05). Aktivitas fagositosis yang paling baik ditemukan pada pemberian EEKBA and EEBA dengan dosis 400 mg/kg BB dengan perbedaan yang tidak signifikan terhadap kelompok hewan uji yang diberi Imboost® (p>0,05).
Kesimpulan: EEKBA and EEBA mempunyai efek imunomodulator dengan meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis pada mencit jantan
Kata kunci: imunomodulator, Litsea cubeba, carbon clearance, aktivitas fagositosis.
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