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Abstract
Background: Essential oils (EO), such as lavender (Lavandula spp.), which are derived from its flower, have become a growing trend in recent years as an alternative medicine in therapy. However, the poor physicochemical properties of EOs have several disadvantages for their application. Integrating nanotechnology into the formulation of medicinal dosage forms may provide a viable way to mitigate these limitations and improve the effectiveness of EO utilization.
Objective: This literature review aims to gather information on the medicinal benefits of lavender EO and the prospective applications of nanotechnology-based delivery systems for EOs.
Method: Online databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Research Gate, Google Scholar, and other reliable sources were used to find 65 publications between 1991 and 2021, which are assessed in this review.
Results: It is revealed that the main constituents of lavender EO are linalool, linalyl acetate, and lavandulyl acetate. Its effectiveness as an antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-anxiety, and having effects on the central nervous system, along with other qualities including pain relief, has been demonstrated via numerous studies. Additionally, it was demonstrated to have dermatological properties that helped treat dermatitis and encouraged both hair growth and wound healing. Furthermore, it was also found that the application of nanotechnology in EOs has improved the concentration of active compounds in the blood and produced a stable dosage form while also increasing its efficacy.
Conclusion: It is feasible to create nanoparticle dosage forms from lavender EO that can improve the substance's solubility, stability, and pharmacological effects. More research is necessary to formulate lavender EO by applying nanotechnology.
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References
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References
Adaszyńska, M., Swarcewicz, M., Dzięcioł, M., & Dobrowolska, A. (2013). Comparison of Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Lavender Varieties from Poland. Natural Product Research, 27(16), 1497–1501. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2012.724408
Alexander, A., Ajazuddin, Patel, R.J., Saraf, Swarnlata, & Saraf, Shailendra. (2016). Recent Expansion of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnologies and Targeting Strategies In The Field of Phytopharmaceuticals For The Delivery of Herbal Extracts and Bioactives. Journal of Controlled Release, 241, 110–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.017
Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N.A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S.A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential Oils Used In Aromatherapy: A Systemic Review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.05.007
Anderson, C., Lis-Balchin, M., & Kirk-Smith, M. (2000). Evaluation of Massage With Essential Oils On Childhood Atopic Eczema. Phytotherapy Research, 14(6), 452–456. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200009)14:6<452::AID-PTR952>3.0.CO;2-4
Bodnar, R.J. (2013). Epidermal Growth Factor and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor: The Yin and Yang in the Treatment of Cutaneous Wounds and Cancer. Advances in Wound Care, 2(1), 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2011.0326
Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., & Jäger, W. (1991). Aromatherapy: Evidence for Sedative Effects of the Essential Oil of Lavender after Inhalation. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 46c, 1067–1072. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-11-1223
Calcabrini, A., Stringaro, A., Toccacieli, L., Meschini, S., Marra, M., Colone, M., Arancia, G., Molinari, A., Salvatore, G., & Mondello, F. (2004). Terpinen-4-ol, The Main Component of Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil Inhibits the In Vitro Growth of Human Melanoma Cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 122(2), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-202X.2004.22236.x
Cavanagh, H.M.A., & Wilkinson, J.M. (2002). Biological Activities of Lavender Essential Oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301–308. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1103
De Groot, A., & Schmidt, E. (2016). Essential Oils, Part V: Peppermint Oil, Lavender Oil, and Lemongrass Oil. Dermatitis, 27(6), 325–332. https://doi.org/10.1097/DER.0000000000000218
Diego, M.A., Jones, N.A., Field, T., Hernandez-reif, M., Schanberg, S., Kuhn, C., Galamaga, M., McAdam, V., & Galamaga, R. (1998). Aromatherapy Positively Affects Mood, Eeg Patterns of Alertness and Math Computations. International Journal of Neuroscience, 96(3-4), 217–224. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207459808986469
Dunn, C., Sleep, J., & Collett, D. (1995). Sensing An Improvement: An Experimental Study To Evaluate The Use of Aromatherapy, Massage and Periods of Rest In An Intensive Care Unit. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21(1), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1995.21010034.x
Dunning, T. (2013). Aromatherapy: Overview, Safety and Quality Issues. OA Alternative Medicine, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.13172/2052-7845-1-1-518
Fadel, B.A., Elwakil, B.H., Fawzy, E.E., Shaaban, M.M., & Olama, Z.A. (2023). Nanoemulsion of Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oil/Gold Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Effect against Multidrug-Resistant Wound-Causing Bacteria. Molecules, 28(19), 6988-7004. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28196988
Fahimnia, F., Nemattalab, M., & Hesari, Z. (2024). Development and Characterization of A Topical Gel, Containing Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Oil Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. BMC Complement Medicine and Therapies, 24(155), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-024-04440-2
Ghelardini, C., Galeotti, N., Salvatore, G., & Mazzanti, G. (1999). Local Anaesthetic Activity of the Essential Oil of Lavandula angustifolia. Planta Medica, 65(8), 700–703. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-1999-14045
Hanamanthagouda, M.S., Kakkalameli, S.B., Naik, P.M., Nagella, P., Seetharamareddy, H.R., & Murthy, H.N. (2010). Essential Oils of Lavandula bipinnata and Their Antimicrobial Activities. Food Chemistry, 118(3), 836–839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.05.032
Harwansh, R.K., Patra, K.C., & Pareta, S.K. (2011a). Nanoemulsion As Potential Vehicles For Transdermal Delivery of Pure Phytopharmaceuticals and Poorly Soluble Drug. International Journal of Drug Delivery, 3, 209-218.
Harwansh, R.K., Patra, K.C., Pareta, S.K., Singh, J., & Rahman, M.A. (2011b). Nanoemulsions As Vehicles For Transdermal Delivery of Glycyrrhizin. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 47(4), 769–778. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-82502011000400014
Hay, I.C., Jamieson, M., & Ormerod, A.D. (1998). Randomized Trial of Aromatherapy: Successful Treatment for Alopecia Areata. Arch Dermatol, 134(11), 1349-1352. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.134.11.1349
Hudson, R., 1995. Use of Lavender In A Long-Term Elderly Ward. Nursing Times 91, 12.
Hui, L., He, L., Huan, L., XiaoLan, L., & AiGuo, Z. (2010). Chemical Composition of Lavender Essential Oil and Its Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition Against Rhinitis-Related Bacteria. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(4), 309–313.
Kim, H.-M., & Cho, S.-H. (2010). Lavender Oil Inhibits Immediate-type Allergic Reaction in Mice and Rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 51(2), 221–226. https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357991772178
Koca Kutlu, A., Çeçen, D., Gürgen, S.G., Sayın, O., & Çetin, F. (2013). A Comparison Study of Growth Factor Expression Following Treatment with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, Saline Solution, Povidone-Iodine, and Lavender Oil in Wounds Healing. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/361832
Kritsidima, M., Newton, T., & Asimakopoulou, K. (2010). The Effects of Lavender Scent On Dental Patient Anxiety Levels: A Cluster Randomised‐Controlled Trial. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 38(1), 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2009.00511.x
Lee, B.H., Lee, J.S., & Kim, Y.C. (2016). Hair Growth-Promoting Effects of Lavender Oil in C57BL/6 Mice. Toxicological Research, 32(2), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2016.32.2.103
Lin, C.-W., Yu, C.-W., Wu, S.-C., & Yih, K.-H. (2009). DPPH free-Radical Scavenging Activity, Total Phenolic Contents and Chemical Composition Analysis of Forty-Two Kinds of Essential Oils. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 17(5), 386-395. https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.2594
Lis-Balchin, M., & Hart, S. (1999). Studies On The Mode of Action of The Essential Oil of Lavender Lavandula angustifolia P. Miller). Phytotherapy Research, 13(6), 540–542. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199909)13:6<540::AID-PTR523>3.0.CO;2-I
Loutrari, H., Hatziapostolou, M., Skouridou, V., Papadimitriou, E., Roussos, C., Kolisis, F.N., & Papapetropoulos, A. (2004). Perillyl Alcohol Is an Angiogenesis Inhibitor. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 311(2), 568–575. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.104.070516
Mayaud, L., Carricajo, A., Zhiri, A., & Aubert, G. (2008). Comparison of Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Activity of 13 Essential Oils Against Strains With Varying Sensitivity To Antibiotics. Letters in Applied Microbiology 47(3), 167–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02406.x
Miastkowska, M., Kantyka, T., Bielecka, E., Kałucka, U., Kamińska, M., Kucharska, M., Kilanowicz, A., Cudzik, D., & Cudzik, K. (2021). Enhanced Biological Activity of a Novel Preparation of Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oil. Molecules, 26(9), 2458-2479. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092458
Mori, H.-M., Kawanami, H., Kawahata, H., & Aoki, M. (2016). Wound Healing Potential of Lavender Oil By Acceleration of Granulation and Wound Contraction Through Induction of TGF-β In A Rat Model. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16(144), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1128-7
Moteki, H., Hibasami, H., Yamada, Y., Katsuzaki, H., Imai, K., & Komiya, T. (2002). Specific Induction of Apoptosis By 1,8-cineole In Two Human Leukemia Cell Lines, But Not A In Human Stomach Cancer Cell Line. Oncology Reports, 9(4), 757-760. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.9.4.757
Mukherjee, P.K. (2015). Evidence-Based Validation of Herbal Medicine. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Porter, C.J.H., Pouton, C.W., Cuine, J.F., & Charman, W.N. (2008). Enhancing Intestinal Drug Solubilisation Using Lipid-Based Delivery Systems. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 60(6), 673–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.014
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