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Abstract
Background: Pharmacists in hospitals have a role that is not only limited to the pharmacy installation and management but also contributes to the Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) installation. The issue of sterilization and cleanliness of instruments and linen in hospitals is the responsibility of the CSSD to support the sustainability of quality services in hospitals. Although related to sterility, most of the staff of the installation CSSD in Indonesia are high school graduates with minimal health knowledge and are often transferred from other installations due to problems. Some hospitals combine CSSD with laundry; in contrast to the pharmacy installation, which actively involves pharmacists and pharmaceutical technical personnel, compliance with regulations and provisions is more highly respected compared to personnel in the CSSD installation.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the application of transformational leadership style in CSSD installation in hospitals while highlighting the lack of leadership studies in pharmacy and the effectiveness of leadership in managing installation performance in hospitals with non-health personnel.
Methods: The methods used include direct observation, interviews, and questionnaires with samples consisting of installation leaders and staff CSSD in hospitals. We explore the factors influencing and challenges faced in implementing transformational leadership in a hospital CSSD environment.
Results: The questionnaire results showed that the transformational leadership scores of the leaders were high, and most employees were satisfied with the implementation of transformational leadership. Some management concepts have been applied to improve performance, but many have not been able to provide change due to a lack of response from employees.
Conclusion: A leader in CSSD installation must be flexible in adopting a leadership style that suits the situation and conditions; the application of leadership style must consider internal factors such as human resources quality and organizational structure as well as external factors that are hospital management and budget support.
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References
- Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. The Free Press. New York. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930250310
- Cwalina, W., Drzewiecka, M. (2015). Ideal president like ideal boss? Looking for preferences of political leadership style: Cross-cultural study in Goleman's typology. VL - 16. JO - Przedsiębiorczość i Zarząddzanie
- Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. 1993. Transformational leadership and organizational culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 17(1), 112-121.
- Day, D. D., & Crain, E. C. (1992). The role of affect and ability in initial exchange quality perceptions. Group and Organization Management, 17, 380–397.
- Dockery, T. M., & Steiner, D. D. (1990). The role of the initial interaction in leader–member exchange. Group & Organization Studies, 15, 395–413.
- Eliyana, A. et al. (2020). Boosting innovative work behavior on local branded fashion: The evidence from Indonesia. Utopía Y Praxis Latinoamericana, 25(1), 66-74. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3808739
- Gones, V. (2016). Hospital Pharmacy Management: Australian And Indonesian Perspectives. A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy. Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney.
- Holdford D.A. (2018). Resource based theory of competitive advantage a framework for pharmacy practice innovation research. Pharmacy Practice 2018 Jul-Sep;16(3):1351. https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2018.03.1351
- India National Health Systems Resource Centre. (2022). Guidelines on CSSD and Mechanised Laundry.
- Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2004). Linen Management Guidelines in Hospitals of the Directorate General of Medical Services. Jakarta.
- Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2009). Guidelines for the installation of sterilization centers in hospitals. Jakarta
- Liden, R.C. & Maslyn, J. (1998). Multidimensionality of leader-member exchange: An empirical assessment through scale development, Journal of Management, Volume 24, Issue 1, Pages 43-72, ISSN 0149-2063, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(99)80053-1.
- Liliana, L. (2016). A New Model of Ishikawa Diagram for Quality Assessment. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.
- Maslyn, J.M. & Uhl-Bien, M., (2001). Leader-Member Exchange and Its Dimensions: Effects of Self-Effort and Other's Effort on Relationship Quality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(4), pp.697-708.
- Minsky, B.D., (2002). LMX Dyad Agreement: Construct Definition and The Role Of Supervisor/Subordinate Similiarity and Communication in Understanding LMX. Dissertation. Louisiana: Louisiana State University.
- Putri, N.K. & Rochmah, T.N. (2012). Leader-Member Exchange Diagram: Predicting the Quality of Superior and Subordinate Relationships. Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya.
- PPSSI. (2023). Guidelines for the installation of sterilization centers in hospitals 2nd Edition. Sumedang: Unpad Press.
- Masood, S. A, Dani, S.S, Burns, N.D, and Backhouse, C.J. (2006). Transformational leadership and organizational culture: the situational strength perspective Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Sethibe, T & Steyn, R. (2015). The relationship between leadership styles, innovation and organizational performance: A systematic review. South African Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 18(3): 325-337.
- Sharma, R., Sivanantham K. , Ashok K., Manisha B., Vipin K. (2022). Bacterial counts of hospital linen and effectiveness of laundry process: A need for consensus on microbial sterility of hospital linen. Punjab: All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India.
References
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. The Free Press. New York. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930250310
Cwalina, W., Drzewiecka, M. (2015). Ideal president like ideal boss? Looking for preferences of political leadership style: Cross-cultural study in Goleman's typology. VL - 16. JO - Przedsiębiorczość i Zarząddzanie
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. 1993. Transformational leadership and organizational culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 17(1), 112-121.
Day, D. D., & Crain, E. C. (1992). The role of affect and ability in initial exchange quality perceptions. Group and Organization Management, 17, 380–397.
Dockery, T. M., & Steiner, D. D. (1990). The role of the initial interaction in leader–member exchange. Group & Organization Studies, 15, 395–413.
Eliyana, A. et al. (2020). Boosting innovative work behavior on local branded fashion: The evidence from Indonesia. Utopía Y Praxis Latinoamericana, 25(1), 66-74. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3808739
Gones, V. (2016). Hospital Pharmacy Management: Australian And Indonesian Perspectives. A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy. Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney.
Holdford D.A. (2018). Resource based theory of competitive advantage a framework for pharmacy practice innovation research. Pharmacy Practice 2018 Jul-Sep;16(3):1351. https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2018.03.1351
India National Health Systems Resource Centre. (2022). Guidelines on CSSD and Mechanised Laundry.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2004). Linen Management Guidelines in Hospitals of the Directorate General of Medical Services. Jakarta.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2009). Guidelines for the installation of sterilization centers in hospitals. Jakarta
Liden, R.C. & Maslyn, J. (1998). Multidimensionality of leader-member exchange: An empirical assessment through scale development, Journal of Management, Volume 24, Issue 1, Pages 43-72, ISSN 0149-2063, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(99)80053-1.
Liliana, L. (2016). A New Model of Ishikawa Diagram for Quality Assessment. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.
Maslyn, J.M. & Uhl-Bien, M., (2001). Leader-Member Exchange and Its Dimensions: Effects of Self-Effort and Other's Effort on Relationship Quality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(4), pp.697-708.
Minsky, B.D., (2002). LMX Dyad Agreement: Construct Definition and The Role Of Supervisor/Subordinate Similiarity and Communication in Understanding LMX. Dissertation. Louisiana: Louisiana State University.
Putri, N.K. & Rochmah, T.N. (2012). Leader-Member Exchange Diagram: Predicting the Quality of Superior and Subordinate Relationships. Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya.
PPSSI. (2023). Guidelines for the installation of sterilization centers in hospitals 2nd Edition. Sumedang: Unpad Press.
Masood, S. A, Dani, S.S, Burns, N.D, and Backhouse, C.J. (2006). Transformational leadership and organizational culture: the situational strength perspective Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
Sethibe, T & Steyn, R. (2015). The relationship between leadership styles, innovation and organizational performance: A systematic review. South African Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 18(3): 325-337.
Sharma, R., Sivanantham K. , Ashok K., Manisha B., Vipin K. (2022). Bacterial counts of hospital linen and effectiveness of laundry process: A need for consensus on microbial sterility of hospital linen. Punjab: All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India.