Main Article Content
Abstract
Internet Memes merupakan salah satu media yang populer digunakan masyarakat dalam era bermedia sosial untuk berbagai macam tujuan, mulai dari pengiklanan, penginformasian, edukasi, hingga politik. Dalam penggunaanya, internet memes sering menggunakan ciptaan lain yang dilindungi hak cipta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui terkait adanya pelanggaran hak cipta terhadap internet memes. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia, terdapat kesulitan terkait dengan penggolongan internet memes sebagai hak cipta berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Namun, internet memes juga tidak dapat digolongkan sebagai pelanggaran hak cipta karena diakuinya doktrin fair use yang termaktub dalam Pasal 26,43, dan 46 Undang-Undang No. 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Penelitian ini juga meninjau doktrin fair use yang berlaku di Amerika Serikat dan Singapura serta membandingkannya dengan doktrin fair use yang berlaku di Indonesia. Dari hasil perbandingan tersebut, Indonesia belum mengatur mengenai faktor-faktor untuk menentukan apakah suatu ciptaan dapat dianggap sebagai fair use atau tidak sebagaimana diatur oleh diberlakukan di Amerika Serikat dan Singapura.
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References
- Books Dawkins, R. (2006). The Selfish Gene: 30th Anniversary Edition, 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual. (2020). Modul Kekayaan Intelektual. Jakarta: Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual.
- Huntington, H. (2017). The Affect and Effect of Internet Memes: Asscending and Influence of Online User-generated Political Discourse as Media. Colorado: Colorado State University.
- McLuhan, M. (2012). Elektronski Mediji i Kraj Kulture Pismenosti. Beograd: Karpos.
- Bury, B. (2016). Creative Use of Internet Memes in Advertising. World Scientific News 57, 33- 41.
- Cannizzaro, S. (2016). Internet memes as internet signs: A semiotic view of digital culture. Sign Systems Studies, 562-586.
- Akhdan, F. K. (2022). Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Karya Gambar Fan Art dengan Pendekatan Doktrin Fair Use. Skripsi Sarjana Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, 1-180.
- Koponen, M. (2021). Copyright Exceptions and Internet Memes: A Comparative Study of Finland and The United States. Master’s thesis, University of Eastern Finland's Law School, 1-111.
- Takasdo, K. (2013). Fair Use dalam Sistem Perlindungan Hak Cipta: Suatu Studi Perbandingan antara Undang- Undang Hak Cipta Indonesia dengan Copyright Law Amerika Serikat. Skripsi Sarjana Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, 1-104.
- Marciszewski, M. (202). The Problem of Modern Monetization of Memes: How Copyright. Pace Intellectual Property, Sports, and Entertainment Law Forum 61, 1-48.
- Mielczarek, N., & Hopskin, W. W. (2021). Copyright, Transformativeness, and Protection for Internet Memes. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 98(1) , 37-58.
- Milosavljević, I. (2020). The Phenomenon of The Internet Memes as A Manifestation of Communication of Visual Society - Research of The Most Popular and The Most Common Types. Media Studies and Applied Ethics, 9-27.
- Obravodic, N., Milosavljevic, I., & Vujovic, M. (2017). Instagram as a New Platform for Media Content - Students’ Stance. International Scientific Conference eLearning and Software for Education (p. 181). National Defence University.
- Patel, R. (2013). First World Problems: A Fair Use Analysis of Internet Memes. UCLA Entertainment Law Review, 20(2), 235-256.
- Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 510 U.S. 569 (Supreme Court of the United States 1994).
- Folsom v. Marsh, 9 F. Cas. 342 (United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts 1841).
- Annur, C. M. (2022, December 08). Ada Berapa Pengguna Internet dan Media Sosial di Seluruh Dunia? Retrieved from Databoks: https://databoks.katadata.co.i d/infografik/2022/12/08/ada -berapa-pengguna-internet- dan-media-sosial-di-seluruh dunia#:~:text=aktivitas%20o nline%20mereka.- ,Seiring%20dengan%20pertu mbuhan%20pengguna%20int erne t%2C%20pengguna%20media %20sosial%20di%20seluruh.
- O Chee, K. (2021, July 13). Fair Use Changes to Law in Singapore Could Make It Easier to Defend Memes. Retrieved from The Straits Times: https://www.straitstimes.com /tech/tech-news/fair-use- changes-to-law-could-make-it- easier-to-defend-memes.
- Hampy, T. (2012, December 13). The Fair Use Doctrine: Does A Parody Qualify? Retrieved from Widerman Malek Attorneys at Law: https://www.legalteamusa.net /the-fair-use-doctrine-does-a- parody-qualify/
- Reed Smith. (2021, December 8). Singapore Adopts New Copyright Laws to Support Innovation. Retrieved from Reed Smith: https://www.reedsmith.com/ en/perspectives/2021/12/sin gapore-adopts-new-copyright- laws-to-support-innovation
References
Books Dawkins, R. (2006). The Selfish Gene: 30th Anniversary Edition, 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual. (2020). Modul Kekayaan Intelektual. Jakarta: Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual.
Huntington, H. (2017). The Affect and Effect of Internet Memes: Asscending and Influence of Online User-generated Political Discourse as Media. Colorado: Colorado State University.
McLuhan, M. (2012). Elektronski Mediji i Kraj Kulture Pismenosti. Beograd: Karpos.
Bury, B. (2016). Creative Use of Internet Memes in Advertising. World Scientific News 57, 33- 41.
Cannizzaro, S. (2016). Internet memes as internet signs: A semiotic view of digital culture. Sign Systems Studies, 562-586.
Akhdan, F. K. (2022). Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Karya Gambar Fan Art dengan Pendekatan Doktrin Fair Use. Skripsi Sarjana Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, 1-180.
Koponen, M. (2021). Copyright Exceptions and Internet Memes: A Comparative Study of Finland and The United States. Master’s thesis, University of Eastern Finland's Law School, 1-111.
Takasdo, K. (2013). Fair Use dalam Sistem Perlindungan Hak Cipta: Suatu Studi Perbandingan antara Undang- Undang Hak Cipta Indonesia dengan Copyright Law Amerika Serikat. Skripsi Sarjana Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, 1-104.
Marciszewski, M. (202). The Problem of Modern Monetization of Memes: How Copyright. Pace Intellectual Property, Sports, and Entertainment Law Forum 61, 1-48.
Mielczarek, N., & Hopskin, W. W. (2021). Copyright, Transformativeness, and Protection for Internet Memes. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 98(1) , 37-58.
Milosavljević, I. (2020). The Phenomenon of The Internet Memes as A Manifestation of Communication of Visual Society - Research of The Most Popular and The Most Common Types. Media Studies and Applied Ethics, 9-27.
Obravodic, N., Milosavljevic, I., & Vujovic, M. (2017). Instagram as a New Platform for Media Content - Students’ Stance. International Scientific Conference eLearning and Software for Education (p. 181). National Defence University.
Patel, R. (2013). First World Problems: A Fair Use Analysis of Internet Memes. UCLA Entertainment Law Review, 20(2), 235-256.
Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 510 U.S. 569 (Supreme Court of the United States 1994).
Folsom v. Marsh, 9 F. Cas. 342 (United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts 1841).
Annur, C. M. (2022, December 08). Ada Berapa Pengguna Internet dan Media Sosial di Seluruh Dunia? Retrieved from Databoks: https://databoks.katadata.co.i d/infografik/2022/12/08/ada -berapa-pengguna-internet- dan-media-sosial-di-seluruh dunia#:~:text=aktivitas%20o nline%20mereka.- ,Seiring%20dengan%20pertu mbuhan%20pengguna%20int erne t%2C%20pengguna%20media %20sosial%20di%20seluruh.
O Chee, K. (2021, July 13). Fair Use Changes to Law in Singapore Could Make It Easier to Defend Memes. Retrieved from The Straits Times: https://www.straitstimes.com /tech/tech-news/fair-use- changes-to-law-could-make-it- easier-to-defend-memes.
Hampy, T. (2012, December 13). The Fair Use Doctrine: Does A Parody Qualify? Retrieved from Widerman Malek Attorneys at Law: https://www.legalteamusa.net /the-fair-use-doctrine-does-a- parody-qualify/
Reed Smith. (2021, December 8). Singapore Adopts New Copyright Laws to Support Innovation. Retrieved from Reed Smith: https://www.reedsmith.com/ en/perspectives/2021/12/sin gapore-adopts-new-copyright- laws-to-support-innovation