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Abstract
This study underscores the need to reevaluate traditional IP paradigms and explore alternative models that strike a better balance between the resultant social costs and benefits. These alternatives encompass a range of strategies, including copyleft principles, trade secrets, etc., each offering unique pathways to mitigate social costs while preserving incentives for creativity. This research contributes valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on reshaping IP frameworks to create a more harmonious and sustainable environment that nurtures innovation and creativity while minimizing unintended societal repercussions.
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References
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- Singh, R. (2004). Law relating to intellectual property (A complete comprehensive material on intellectual property covering acts, rules, conventions, treaties, agreements, case-law and much more) (Vol. 1). New Delhi: Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. [Google Scholar].
- Suthersanen, U. (2006). Utility Models and Innovation in Developing Countries. International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) & United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
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- TRIPS Agreement. (n.d.). World Trade Organization. Retrieved April 18, 2022, from https://www.wto.org/english/ docs_e/legal_e/31bis_trips_03_ e.htm.
- United States Constitution. (n.d.). Article I, Section 8, Clause 8.
References
Ananda Ranasinghe. (n.d.). Balance between Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property. Retrieved April 18, 2022, from 303463817_Balancing_Intellect ual_Property_Rights.
Anurag, A. (2019). Pharmaceutical Patents and Healthcare: A Legal Conundrum. SCC OnLine Blog OpEd, 18.
Biagioli, M. (n.d.). Weighing Intellectual Property: Can we Balance the Social Costs and Benefits of Patenting? Retrieved April 19, 2022, from https://journals.sagepub.com/ doi/full/10.1177/0073275318 797787.
DIPP. (2016). Legal and Legislative Framework of the National Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Policy. Retrieved from http://dipp.nic.in/English/Sch emes/Intellectual_Property_Ri ghts/National_IPR_Policy_08.0 8.2016.pdf.
European Commission. (n.d.). Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs. Patent Protection in the EU - Utility Models. Retrieved April 30, 2023, from https://single- market- economy.ec.europa.eu/industr y/strategy/intellectual- property/patent-protection- eu/utility-models_en.
Friedman, K. (n.d.). Copyleft, Intellectual Property License. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved April 3, 2023, from https://www.britannica.com/t opic/copyleft.
Graham v. John Deere Co., 383 U.S. 1, 5–6 (1966). “The Congress in the exercise of the patent power may not overreach the restraints imposed by the stated constitutional purpose. Nor may it enlarge the patent monopoly without regard to the innovation, advancement or social benefit gained thereby”.
GNU Operating System. (n.d.). What is Copyleft? GNU Project. Retrieved April 30, 2023, from https://www.gnu.org/licenses /copyleft.html.
ICAI v Shaunak H. Satya. (2011). 8 SCC 781.
Jefferson, T. (1813, August 13). Thomas Jefferson to Isaac McPherson. Founders Online, National Archives. http://founders.archives.gov/d ocuments/Jefferson/03-06-02- 0322.
Landes, W. M., & Posner, R. A. (2003). The Economic Structure of Intellectual Property Law. Harvard University. (pp. 11–36).
Lindsey, B., & Teles, S. M. (2017). The Captured Economy: How the Powerful Enrich Themselves, Slow Down Growth, and Increase Inequality. Oxford University Press.
Looney, J. J. (Ed.). (2009). The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series, vol. 6, 11 March to 27 November 1813. Princeton University Press.
Merges, R., Menell, P., & Lemley, M. (2012). Intellectual Property in the New Technological Age (6th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Mersha, B., & Debesu, K. (n.d.). Theories of Intellectual Property. Abyssinia Law. Retrieved April 18, 2022, from https://www.abyssinialaw.co m/study-on-line/item/468- theories-of-intellectual- property.
Qureshi, Z. (2018, July 11). Intellectual Property, Not Intellectual Monopoly. Project Syndicate. Retrieved April 30, 2023, from https://www.project- syndicate.org/commentary/int ellectual-property-regime- tends-toward-monopoly-by- zia-qureshi-2018-07.
Saha, C. N., & Bhattacharya, S. (n.d.). Intellectual Property Rights: An Overview and Implications in Pharmaceutical Industry. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved April 18, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /pmc/articles/PMC3217699/# ref1.
Singh, R. (2004). Law relating to intellectual property (A complete comprehensive material on intellectual property covering acts, rules, conventions, treaties, agreements, case-law and much more) (Vol. 1). New Delhi: Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. [Google Scholar].
Suthersanen, U. (2006). Utility Models and Innovation in Developing Countries. International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) & United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
"The US Economy Demonstrates the Value of Intellectual Property." (n.d.). Clarivate. Retrieved April 18, 2022, from https://clarivate.com/blog/the -us-economy-demonstrates- the-value-of-intellectual- property/?lid=c.
TRIPS Agreement. (n.d.). World Trade Organization. Retrieved April 18, 2022, from https://www.wto.org/english/ docs_e/legal_e/31bis_trips_03_ e.htm.
United States Constitution. (n.d.). Article I, Section 8, Clause 8.
