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Abstract
The recognition of well-known marks by Indonesian courts has a long history in both legislation and jurisprudence. Current practice indicates that such recognition is often based on the registration of the mark in several countries. Although this approach is permissible under Indonesian law, it is not explicitly provided for in the Paris Convention or TRIPS which serve as international standards for the protection of well-known marks. Hence, this doctrinal or normative legal research will analyze the practices of recognizing well-known marks based on registrations in several countries within the legal framework of Indonesia, the Paris Convention, and the TRIPS Agreement. The findings reveal that early developments in Indonesian marks law and judicial precedents have greatly influenced the practices of recognizing well-known marks based on registrations in several countries. However, these practices are found to be inconsistent with the provisions concerning well-known marks under the Paris Convention and TRIPS. Therefore, Indonesian courts are encouraged to give greater consideration to Paris Convention and TRIPS to develop recognition practices that align more closely with international standards.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Richard Jatimulya Alam Wibowo, Joko Priyono

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References
Bodenhausen, G. H. C. Guide to the Application of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property as Revised as Stockholm in 1967. Geneva: United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property, 1968.
Diantha, I Made Pasek. Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif dalam Justifikasi Teori Hukum. 2nd ed. Jakarta: Kencana, 2017.
Gautama, Sudargo, and Rizawanto Winata. Pembaharuan Hukum Merek Indonesia (dalam Rangka WTO, TRIPS) 1997. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti, 1997.
Irtiyah, Ridha Faulika. “Analisis Yuridis Pertimbangan Hakim atas Sengketa Kepemilikan Merek Asing Terkenal Berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Agung 2018-2020” Jurnal Ilmiah Abdi Ilmu 14, no. 2 (2021): 131-151. https://jurnal.pancabudi.ac.id/index.php/abdiilmu/article/view/4046
Junaidi, Muhammad. Teori Perancangan Hukum: Telaah Praktis dan Teoretis Penyusunan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan. Semarang: Universitas Semarang Press, 2021.
Kaehlig, Carl-Bernd. Indonesian Intellectual Property Law. Edited by Gregory J. Churchill. Jakarta: Tatanusa, 1993.
“Keterangan Pemerintah di Hadapan Rapat Paripurna Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia Mengenai Rancangan Undang-Undang Tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 1982 tentang Hak Cipta Sebagaimana Telah Diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1987, Rancangan Undang-Undang Tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 1989 tentang Paten, dan Rancangan Undang-Undang Tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 1992 tentang Merek.” Sistem Informasi Arsip (SIAr) DPR RI, December 12, 1996. Accessed November 9, 2025. https://berkas.dpr.go.id/arsip/file/Lampiran/leg_1-20190918-113209-3600.pdf.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. 13th ed. Jakarta: Kencana, 2017.
Maulana, Insan Budi. “Merek Terkenal Menurut TRIPS Agreement dan Penerapan dalam Sistem Merek Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum 7, no. 13 (2000): 119-129. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol7.iss13.art9
“maupun.” In KBBI Daring VI. Accessed October 25, 2025. https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/maupun.
Mertokusumo, Sudikno. Penemuan Hukum: Sebuah Pengantar. 2nd ed. Yogyakarta: Liberty Yogyakarta, 2001.
Novianti, Trias Palupi Kurnianingrum, Sulasi Rongiyati, and Puteri Hikmawati. Pelindungan Merek. Edited by Tommy Hendra Purwaka. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, 2017.
“Risalah Rapat Kerja Komisi III DPR-RI dalam Rangka Pembicaraan Tingkat III Rancangan Undang-Undang Tentang Hak Cipta, Paten, dan Merek dengan Menteri Kehakiiman R.I. (Raker ke-5, 5 Maret 1997).” Sistem Informasi Arsip (SIAr) DPR RI, March 5, 1997. Accessed November 9, 2025. https://berkas.dpr.go.id/arsip/file/Lampiran/leg_1-20190918-113709-1109.pdf.
Rumadan, Ismail. Kriteria Itikad Tidak Baik dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Merek Terkenal Melalui Putusan Pengadilan. Jakarta: Puslitbang Hukum dan Peradilan Mahkamah Agung RI, 2018.
S, Sujana Donandi, and Pandu Adi Cakranegara. “The Implementation of Well-Known Trademarks Doctrine in Indonesian Commercial and Supreme Court.” Fiat Justisia 15, no. 2 (2021): 159-182. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v15no2.2016
Saidin, O. K. Aspek Hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (Intellectual Property Rights). 9th ed. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2015.
Samekto, Adji. Penelitian Hukum dalam Aliran Legal Positivisme. Depok: Rajawali Pers, 2023.
Septian, Ilham Fajar, and Ali Abdurahman. “Status Hukum Penjelasan Undang-Undang Berdasarkan Sistem Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 51, no. 3 (2020): 803-826. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol51.no3.3136
Siregar, Praise Juinta W. S. “Perbandingan Sistem Hukum Civil Law dan Common Law dalam Penerapan Yurisprudensi Ditinjau dari Politik Hukum.” Dharmasisya 2, no. 2 (2022): 1027-2036. https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/dharmasisya/vol2/iss2/37
Syarifuddin. Himpunan Yurisprudensi Mahkamah Agung Sampai Dengan Tahun 2018. Jakarta: Mahkamah Agung RI, 2020.
Wijaya, Antonius Ivananda Dias, and Diana Tantri Cahyaningsih. “Inkonsistensi Mahkamah Agung dalam Menerapkan Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Merek Terkenal dalam Sengketa Merek.” Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan 10, no. 22 (November 2024): 72–87. https://doi.org/10.62383/aliansi.v1i5.381
World Intellectual Property Organization. Joint Recommendation Concerning Provisions on the Protection of Well-Known Marks. Geneva: WIPO Publication, 1999.
World Trade Organization. A Handbook on the WTO TRIPS Agreement. Edited by Anthony Taubman, Hannu Wager, and Jayashree Watal. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.
