Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with a long term damage, dysfunction or failure of several organs, which is a degenerative disorder caused by persistent hyperglycemia. Complications also can cause interference with the threshold of hearing. These degenerative changes include atrophy of axons, demyelinization, and loss of nerve fibers.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between long suffering diabetes mellitus and hearing thresholds based on its frequency.
Methods: This study was a cross sectional design on patients with diabetes mellitus in the Internal Medicine Clinic and Otorhinolaryngology Department Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta from early November 2010 until the end of June 2011. Inclusion criterion were: 1) >50 years old 2) normal physical ENT examination, 3) all DM types, 4) Sensorineural (Perceptive) Hearing Loss, 5) Right and left ear gap audiogram less than 15dB, and 6) agreed to participate. Mean difference such as age and duration of DM were assessed by using independent t test and Mann Whitney test. Distribution of sex and educational level were assessed by using Chi square test and Fisher's Exact test. Correlation between duration suffering diabetes mellitus and hearing threshold was assessed by the Spearman and Pearson method.
Results: Subjects participated in this research were 25 (41.7%) men and 35 (58.3%) women. Result of this study showed that there were correlation between long suffering DM and hearing thresholds at 2000Hz : (r=0.459, p=0.097), 4000Hz (r=0.4966, p=0.098), and 6000Hz (r=0.757, p=0.422), respectively.
Conclusion: It is can be concluded that there is a positive correlation between long suffering DM and hearing threshold, especially after 6 years.
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References
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- Deli G, Bosnyak E, Pusch G, Komoly S, Feher G. Diabetic Neuropathies: Diagnosis and management. neuroendocrinology. 2013;98(4):267–80.
- Joshi KD, Galagali JR, Singh SK. A study on effects of diabetes mellitus on auditory system. Romanian Journal of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases. 2017;24(1):49–55.
- Izenberg A, Perkins BA, Bril V. Diabetic neuropathies. Seminar Neurology. 2015;35(04):424–30.
- Horikawa C, Kodama S, Tanaka S, Fujihara K, Hirasawa R, Yachi Y, et al. Diabetes and risk of hearing impairment in adults?: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2015; 98(January 2013):51–8.
- Kaur N. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy: pathogenesis to pharmacological management. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism. 2014;05(07).
- Oh I-H, Lee JH, Park DC, Kim M, Chung JH, Kim SH, et al. Hearing loss as a function of aging and diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(12):e116161.
- Samelli A, Santos I, Moreira R, Rabelo C, Rolim L, Bensenõr I, et al. Diabetes mellitus and sensorineural hearing loss: is there an association? Baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Clinics. 2017;72(1):5–10.
- Mozaffari M, Tajik A, Ariaei N, Ali-Ehyaii F, Behnam H. Diabetes mellitus and sensorineural hearing loss among non-elderly people. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2010;16(9).
- Ryu OH, Choi MG, Park CH, Kim DK, Lee JS, Lee JH. Hyperglycemia as a potential prognostic factor of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (United States). 2014;150(5):853–8.
- Limberger a, Beck M, Delgado-Sanchez S, Keilmann a. Hearing loss in patients with Fabry disease. Hno. 2007;55(3):185–9.
- Thimmasettaiah NB, Shankar R, Ravi GC, Reddy S. A one year prospective study of hearing loss in diabetes in general population. Translational Biomedicine. 2012;3(2).
- Yikawe S, Iseh K, Sabir A, Solomon J, Manya C, Aliyu N. Effect of duration of diabetes mellitus on hearing threshold among type 2 diabetics. Indian Journal of Otology. 2017;23(2):113.
- Pemmaiah K.D SD. Hearing loss in diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health. 2011;3(10):725–31.
- Austin DF, Konrad-Martin D, Griest S, McMillan GP, McDermott D FS. Diabetes-related changes in hearing. Laryngoscope. 2009;119(9):1788–96.
- Çayönü M, Çapraz M, Acar A, Altundag A, Salihoglu M. Hearing loss related with type 2 diabetes in an elderly population. Journal of International Advanced Otology. 2014;10(1):72–5.
- Xipeng L, Ruiyu L, Meng L, Yanzhuo Z, Kaosan G, Liping W. Effects of diabetes on hearing and cochlear structures. Journal of Otology. 2014;8(2):82–7.
- Batham C, Choudhary AK, Yousuf PS. Brainstem auditory evoked responses with duration of type-ii diabetes mellitus. Annals of Medical and Health Science. 2017;7(2):40–5.
References
Hong O, Buss J, Thomas E. Type 2 diabetes and hearing loss. Disease-a-Month. 2013;59(4):139–46.
Deli G, Bosnyak E, Pusch G, Komoly S, Feher G. Diabetic Neuropathies: Diagnosis and management. neuroendocrinology. 2013;98(4):267–80.
Joshi KD, Galagali JR, Singh SK. A study on effects of diabetes mellitus on auditory system. Romanian Journal of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases. 2017;24(1):49–55.
Izenberg A, Perkins BA, Bril V. Diabetic neuropathies. Seminar Neurology. 2015;35(04):424–30.
Horikawa C, Kodama S, Tanaka S, Fujihara K, Hirasawa R, Yachi Y, et al. Diabetes and risk of hearing impairment in adults?: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2015; 98(January 2013):51–8.
Kaur N. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy: pathogenesis to pharmacological management. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism. 2014;05(07).
Oh I-H, Lee JH, Park DC, Kim M, Chung JH, Kim SH, et al. Hearing loss as a function of aging and diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(12):e116161.
Samelli A, Santos I, Moreira R, Rabelo C, Rolim L, Bensenõr I, et al. Diabetes mellitus and sensorineural hearing loss: is there an association? Baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Clinics. 2017;72(1):5–10.
Mozaffari M, Tajik A, Ariaei N, Ali-Ehyaii F, Behnam H. Diabetes mellitus and sensorineural hearing loss among non-elderly people. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2010;16(9).
Ryu OH, Choi MG, Park CH, Kim DK, Lee JS, Lee JH. Hyperglycemia as a potential prognostic factor of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (United States). 2014;150(5):853–8.
Limberger a, Beck M, Delgado-Sanchez S, Keilmann a. Hearing loss in patients with Fabry disease. Hno. 2007;55(3):185–9.
Thimmasettaiah NB, Shankar R, Ravi GC, Reddy S. A one year prospective study of hearing loss in diabetes in general population. Translational Biomedicine. 2012;3(2).
Yikawe S, Iseh K, Sabir A, Solomon J, Manya C, Aliyu N. Effect of duration of diabetes mellitus on hearing threshold among type 2 diabetics. Indian Journal of Otology. 2017;23(2):113.
Pemmaiah K.D SD. Hearing loss in diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health. 2011;3(10):725–31.
Austin DF, Konrad-Martin D, Griest S, McMillan GP, McDermott D FS. Diabetes-related changes in hearing. Laryngoscope. 2009;119(9):1788–96.
Çayönü M, Çapraz M, Acar A, Altundag A, Salihoglu M. Hearing loss related with type 2 diabetes in an elderly population. Journal of International Advanced Otology. 2014;10(1):72–5.
Xipeng L, Ruiyu L, Meng L, Yanzhuo Z, Kaosan G, Liping W. Effects of diabetes on hearing and cochlear structures. Journal of Otology. 2014;8(2):82–7.
Batham C, Choudhary AK, Yousuf PS. Brainstem auditory evoked responses with duration of type-ii diabetes mellitus. Annals of Medical and Health Science. 2017;7(2):40–5.