Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: The bioactive compounds of Som Jawa (Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn) have many variations;one of them is flavonoid. This compound has antifungal activity towards Candida albicans, which the leading cause of topical infection. Chewable lozenges are one of the novel methods of delivering drugs for local action, especially in the mouth.
Objective: To formulate chewable lozenges from Som Jawa leaves extract and evaluate their active substances.
Methods: Extraction was done by rmaceration method with ethanol. The extract was evaporated using a rotary evaporator, then followed by a phytochemical investigation to express the active ingredients inside extract. Colour test was used to identify active ingredients. Som Jawa leaves extract was then formulated into chewable lozenges. Testing of physical properties of the chewable lozenges includes organoleptic test, weigh uniformity, hardness, elasticity, friability, chewiness and moisture content. Antifungal activity was tested by using a diffusion method.
Result: Som Jawa leaves extract with the concentration of 50% can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans with inhibition zone diameter of 22.69 mm. The organoleptic test resulted that the dosage is odourless, brown, and chewy. Weigh uniformity resulted that all lozenges were meet the British Pharmacopoeia range with the CV < 5%. The hardness test resulted for approximately of 0.2732 Kgf. The average of elasticity, friability, and chewiness respectively was 0.0826 Kgf, 6.046 mm, and 0.4998 Kgf.mm.
Conclusion: This formula chewable lozenge was potential as alternative herbal medicine for topical infection.
Keywords
Article Details
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References
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- Moyes DL, Naglik JR. Mucosal Immunity and Candida albicans Infection . Clinical and Developmental Immunology. 2011;2011:1–9.
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References
Ademe A. Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts against Papaya Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides). Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology. 2014;04(10).
Moyes DL, Naglik JR. Mucosal Immunity and Candida albicans Infection . Clinical and Developmental Immunology. 2011;2011:1–9.
Rathod MC, Das N, Dhale DA. Antifungal Activity of Two Medicinal Plants Against Fungus Candida Albicans. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences. 2015;6(4):701–6.
Rahardjo M. Tanaman Obat Afrodisiak. Warta Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman. 2010;16(2):1–35.
Gamage RNN, Hasanthi KB, Kumari KDKP. A Comparative Study on In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Different Leaf Extracts of Medicinal Plant Talinum paniculatum. 2017;10(10):143–54. Available from: www.ijppr.humanjournals.comwww.ijppr.humanjournals.com
Patel J, Santos K, Mungai K, Arseneault V, Pokuaa Y, St K, et al. Talinum paniculatum root exhibits synergistic antimicrobial activity with Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Streptomycin against S. aureus but has no observed effect on antibiotic efficacy against E. coli. Journal of Emerging Investigators. 2018;
Suharsanti R, Wibowo FXS. Standarisasi Ekstrak Daun Som Jawa ( Talinum paniculatum ( Jacq ) Gaertn ) Untuk Menjamin Mutu Penggunaan Sebagai Obat Herbal. 2014;180–5.
F.C. DOS REIS L, Cerdeira C, F. DE PAULA B, da SILVA J, F.L. COELHO L, Silva M, et al. Chemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal, antimycobacterial, and cytotoxic activities of Talinum paniculatum. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. 2015;57:397–405.
Negri M, Salci TP, Shinobu-Mesquita CS, Capoci IRG, Svidzinski TIE, Kioshima ES. Early state research on antifungal natural products. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2014 Mar;19(3):2925–56.
SANTOS MGC dos, NÓBREGA DR de M, ARNAUD RR, SANTOS RC dos, GOMES DQ de C, PEREIRA JV. Punica granatum Linn. prevention of oral candidiasis in patients undergoing anticancer treatment. Revista de Odontologia da UNESP. 2017;46(1):33–8.
Palmieri B, vadalà M, Fornabaio N, Laurino C. A New Vaginal Gel for Femalegenital Wellness and Disease Prevention: Rationale of a Multi-Herbal Derived Treatment on a High-Tech Pharmaceutical Perspective. American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics. 2016;4:1–18.
Pundir S VA. Review on Lozenges. Journal der Pharmazie Forschung. 2014;2(1):1–10.
Schoorl. Complete Material for Medicine Purity Testing. Gajah Mada University Press. Gajah Mada University Press; 1998.
Nagaveni, K., Parameswari, S. & Angala G. Standardization and Phytochemical Screening Of Methanolic Extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn Leaves. International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Research. 2013;4(8):2167–74.
Majumdar M, Nayeem N, Kamath J V, Asad M. Evaluation of Tectona grandis leaves for wound healing activity. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2007 Apr;20(2):120–4.
Supreetha.S., Sharadadevi Mannur, Sequeira Peter Simon, Jithesh Jain, Shreyas Tikare AM. Antifungal Activity go Ginger Extract on Candida Albicans: An In-vitro Study. Dental Sciences and Research [Internet]. 2011;2(2):1–5.
Aulton M. Pharmaceutics: The Science Of Dosage Form Design (Second Edition). Edinburgh?: Churchill Livingstone. 2002. 140-145 p.
Harish N, Prabhu P, Charyulu R, Gulzar M, Subrahmanyam EV. Formulation and evaluation of in situ gels containing clotrimazole for oral candidiasis . Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2009;71(4):421.
Yunita E. The Application of Termite’s Protein (Glyptotermes montarius Kemner) as Unconventional Nutrition in the Jelly Gum Candy. In: Final Paper. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor; 2004.
Hudzicki J. Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test Protocol Author Information. 2012;1–13.
Food and Drug Administration. Quality Attribute Considerations for Chewable Tablets Guidance for Industry. 2016.
Shah RK, Yadav RNS. Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis and Estimation of Total Phenols and Flavonoids in Leaf Extract of Sarcochlamys Pulcherrima Wedd. Global Journal of Bio-Science and Biotechnology. 2015;4(1):81–4.
Cushnie TPT, Lamb AJ. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2005 Nov;26(5):343–56.
Mierziak J, Kostyn K, Kulma A. Flavonoids as important molecules of plant interactions with the environment. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2014 Oct;19(10):16240–65.
Umashankar marakanam srinivasan, Ramachandram D, R R, K. S L, Damodharan N. CHEWABLE LOZENGE FORMULATION- A REVIEW. International Research Journal of Pharmacy. 2016;7:9–16.
Allen L V, Erickson MA. Secundum Artem. Current and Practical Compounding Information for the Pharmacist Pharmaceutical Compounding Resources on the Internet. 2009;10(1).
Pothu R, Yamsani MR. Lozenges Formulation and Evaluation: a Review. International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Research. 2014;5(5):290 – 8.
British Pharmacopoeia. Formulated preparation; specific monographs, ASA tablets. Vol. Volume III, Pharmacopoeial commission. 2009. 2305 p.
Kohli DP., Shah D. Drug Formulation Manual. New Delhi: Eastern Publishers; 1991.