Main Article Content
Abstract
Fahr’s disease or Fahr’s syndrome is a condition characterized by intracranial calcifications especially in basal ganglia and dentate nuclei. They are a rare condition with a broad range of manifestations from asymptomatic condition to severe neurological and psychiatry signs and symptoms. The aim of this report to present Fahr’s syndrome as an alternative diagnosis of neuropsychiatry symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. We present a 17-year-old teenage girl who have had a preexisting diagnosis of SLE and have been on remission. The patient recently had experienced headache, auditory hallucination and memory loss despite having a low activity score of SLE and no laboratory relapse. Head CT scan showed bilateral basal ganglia calcifications suggesting a Fahr’s disease. Clinical outcome in this condition might vary but might worsen neurocognitive functions.
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References
- Saleem S, Aslam HM, Anwar M, Anwar S, Saleem M, Saleem A, et al. Fahr’s syndrome: Literature review of current evidence. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2013;8:1.
- Donzuso G, Mostile G, Nicoletti A, Zappia M. Basal ganglia calcifications (Fahr’s syndrome): related conditions and clinical features. J Neurol Sci. 2019;40:2251–63.
- Gligorievski A. CT Diagnosis of Fahr disease , a case report. Clin Case Rep Rev. 2018;4:1–3.
- Gülsün M, Baykiz AF, Kabatas S, Belli H. Fahr syndrome: Three cases presenting with psychiatric signs. Eur J Gen Med. 2006;3:35–40.
- Martinovic-Kaliterna D, Radic M, Radic J, Kovacic V, Fabijanic D. Massive cerebral calcifications (Fahr’s disease) in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and no major neuropsychological abnormality. Isr Med Assoc J. 2013;15:654–5.
- Lippmann S, Perugula ML. Differential Diagnoses: Fahr’s Disease or Fahr’s Syndrome. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2018;13:45–8.
- Kundu GK, Bhadra S, Ahmed S. BAOJ Pediatrics A Child with Fahr ’ s Disease. BAOJ Pediat. 2017;
- Otu AA, Anikwe JC, Cocker D. Fahr’s disease: a rare neurological presentation in a tropical setting. Clin Case Reports. 2015;3:806–8.
- Cañas CA, Tobón GJ. Multiple brain calcifications in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol. 2008;27:63–5.
- Cavalcanti-Mendes GDA, De Carvalho GTC, Christo PP, Malloy-Diniz LF, De Sousa AA. An unusual case of Fahr’s disease. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2009;67:516–8.
- Filloux V, Marotte H, Miossec P. Cerebral calcifications in an elderly lupus patient [11]. Vol. 62, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2003. p. 283–4.
- Sinha R, SIngh D, John BM. Fahr’s Disease: A Case Report. J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2009;30:44–5.
- Sahin N, Solak A, Genc B, Kulu U. Fahr disease: use of susceptibility-weighted imaging for diagnostic dilemma with magnetic resonance imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2015;5:628–32.
- Govindarajan A. Imaging in Fahr’s disease: How CT and MRI differ? BMJ Case Rep. 2013;1–2.
- Naqvi S, Arshad S, Hanif R, Elfert KAH. Fahr’s Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Schizophrenia: A Case Report. Cureus. 2017;9:2–5.
- Lam JSP, Fong SYY, Yiu GC, Wing YK. Fahr’s disease: A differential diagnosis of frontal lobe syndrome. Hong Kong Med J. 2007;13:75–7.
- Wang H, Shao B, Wang L, Ye Q. Fahr’s disease in two siblings in a family a case report. Exp Ther Med. 2015;9:1931–3.
- CalabrÒ RS, Spadaro L, Marra A, Bramanti P. Fahr’s disease presenting with dementia at onset: A case report and literature review. Behav Neurol. 2014;2014.
References
Saleem S, Aslam HM, Anwar M, Anwar S, Saleem M, Saleem A, et al. Fahr’s syndrome: Literature review of current evidence. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2013;8:1.
Donzuso G, Mostile G, Nicoletti A, Zappia M. Basal ganglia calcifications (Fahr’s syndrome): related conditions and clinical features. J Neurol Sci. 2019;40:2251–63.
Gligorievski A. CT Diagnosis of Fahr disease , a case report. Clin Case Rep Rev. 2018;4:1–3.
Gülsün M, Baykiz AF, Kabatas S, Belli H. Fahr syndrome: Three cases presenting with psychiatric signs. Eur J Gen Med. 2006;3:35–40.
Martinovic-Kaliterna D, Radic M, Radic J, Kovacic V, Fabijanic D. Massive cerebral calcifications (Fahr’s disease) in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and no major neuropsychological abnormality. Isr Med Assoc J. 2013;15:654–5.
Lippmann S, Perugula ML. Differential Diagnoses: Fahr’s Disease or Fahr’s Syndrome. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2018;13:45–8.
Kundu GK, Bhadra S, Ahmed S. BAOJ Pediatrics A Child with Fahr ’ s Disease. BAOJ Pediat. 2017;
Otu AA, Anikwe JC, Cocker D. Fahr’s disease: a rare neurological presentation in a tropical setting. Clin Case Reports. 2015;3:806–8.
Cañas CA, Tobón GJ. Multiple brain calcifications in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol. 2008;27:63–5.
Cavalcanti-Mendes GDA, De Carvalho GTC, Christo PP, Malloy-Diniz LF, De Sousa AA. An unusual case of Fahr’s disease. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2009;67:516–8.
Filloux V, Marotte H, Miossec P. Cerebral calcifications in an elderly lupus patient [11]. Vol. 62, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2003. p. 283–4.
Sinha R, SIngh D, John BM. Fahr’s Disease: A Case Report. J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2009;30:44–5.
Sahin N, Solak A, Genc B, Kulu U. Fahr disease: use of susceptibility-weighted imaging for diagnostic dilemma with magnetic resonance imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2015;5:628–32.
Govindarajan A. Imaging in Fahr’s disease: How CT and MRI differ? BMJ Case Rep. 2013;1–2.
Naqvi S, Arshad S, Hanif R, Elfert KAH. Fahr’s Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Schizophrenia: A Case Report. Cureus. 2017;9:2–5.
Lam JSP, Fong SYY, Yiu GC, Wing YK. Fahr’s disease: A differential diagnosis of frontal lobe syndrome. Hong Kong Med J. 2007;13:75–7.
Wang H, Shao B, Wang L, Ye Q. Fahr’s disease in two siblings in a family a case report. Exp Ther Med. 2015;9:1931–3.
CalabrÒ RS, Spadaro L, Marra A, Bramanti P. Fahr’s disease presenting with dementia at onset: A case report and literature review. Behav Neurol. 2014;2014.