Main Article Content
Abstract
The number of COVID-19 cases, especially with pregnancy, remains a problem in the world and in Indonesia. The main clinical symptoms include fever (temperature >38°C), cough, and shortness of breath. In addition, it can be accompanied by fatigue, myalgia, gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, and even recently found manifestations of skin disorders. Skin manifestations in COVID-19 pregnant patients are still a rare condition. Skin manifestations can be an early sign of such infection, which therefore requires clinicians’ notice to allow them to conduct early COVID-19 screening in pregnant women for better outcomes of the mother and the baby. We present a 26-year-old primigravida at 39 weeks of gestational age with premature rupture of membranes and COVID-19 infection. Her complaints included itchy maculopapular rash and urticaria, then the pregnancy was terminated by a caesarean section, and the baby was born with good conditions. The skin lesions were given a mixture of corticosteroid cream and fusidic acid. The mother and the baby were discharged in a good condition.
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References
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- Türsen U, Belma Türsen B , Torello Lotti T. Cutaneous side-effects of the potential COVID-19 drugs. Dermatologic Therapy. 2020: e13476.
- Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, Casey BM, Catherine Y. Spong CY. Williams Obstetrics, 25e. Chapter42. America: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2018.
- Pérez OM, Rodriguez PP, Hernandez MM, Pardilla MBE, Perez Perez N, Hernandez MRV, et al. The association between COVID-19 and preterm delivery: A cohort study with a multivariate analysis. medRxiv. 2020. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.05.20188458v1
- Radam MR, Soetrisno S, Respati SH. Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) level is lower in premature rupture of membrane. Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2014;2(2):69–75.
References
Jha NK, Ojha S, Jha SK, Dureja H, Singh SK, Shukla SD, et al. Evidence of Coronavirus (CoV) pathogenesis and emerging pathogen SARS-CoV-2 in the nervous system: A review on neurological impairments and manifestations. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 2021;1-18.
WHO. WHO Health Emergency Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/region/searo/country/id
Pemda Prov Jateng. Jateng tanggap Covid-19. Tanggap Covid-19 provinsi Jawa Tengah. 2020. https://corona.jatengprov.go.id/data
Setiati. COVID-19 and Indonesia. Acta Medica Indonesiana. http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/1426/pdf
Varghese PM, Tsolaki AG, Yasmin H, Shastri A, Ferluga J, Vatish M et al. Host-pathogen interaction in COVID-19: Pathogenesis, potential therapeutics and vaccination strategies. Immunobiology. 2020; 225(6): 152008.
Hantoushzadeh S, Shamshirsaz SA, Ashraf Aleyasin A, Seferovic MD, Aski SK, Arian SE et al. Maternal death due to COVID-19. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;223(1):109.e1-16.
Liu H, Wang LL, Zhao SJ, Kwak-Kim J, Mor G. Why are pregnant women susceptible to viral infection: An immunological viewpoint?. Journal of Reproductive Imunology. 2020;139:103122.
Bacenková D, Trebunová M, Špakovská T, Schnitzer M, Bednarcíková L, Živcák J. Comparison of Selected Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and HCoV-NL63. Applied Sciences. 2021;11:1497.
Gulcin UC. SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and associated cytokine-storm. Critical Care Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;6(3):1-3.
Makvandi S, Ashtari S, Vahedian-Azimi A. manifestations of COVID-19 in pregnant women with focus on gastrointestinal symptoms: A systematic review. Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench. 2020;13(4):305–12.
Bian J, Li Z. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2): SARS-CoV-2 receptor and RAS modulator. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2021;11(1): 1–12.
Xue X, Mi Z, Wang Z, Pang Z, Liu H, Zhang F. High expression of ACE2 on keratinocytes reveals skin as a potential target for SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2021;141(1):206-209.e1.
Sachdeva M, Gianotti R, Shah M, Bradanini L, Tosi D. Veladi S et al. Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: Report of three cases and a review of literature. Journal of Dermatological Science. 2020; 98(2): 75–81
Singh H, Kaur H, Singh K, Sen CK. Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: A systematic review. Advances in Wound Care. 2021;10(2):51-80.
Gottlieb M, Long B. Dermatologic manifestations and complications of COVID-19. The American journal of emergency medicine. 2020;38(9):1715-21.
González GF, Cortés CC, Peñaranda CE. Cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID-19: Clinical characteristics and possible pathophysiologic mechanisms. Actas Dermo-Sifiliograficas. 2020.
Daneshgaran G, Dubin DP, Gould DJ. Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: An evidence-based review. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 2020;21(5):627–39.
Català A, Galván-Casas C, Carretero-Hernández G, Rodríguez-Jiménez P, Fernández-Nieto D, Rodríguez-Villa A, et al. Maculopapular eruptions associated to COVID-19: A subanalysis of the COVID-Piel study. Dermatologic Therapy. 2020;33(6):e14170.
Kaya G, Kaya A, Saurat J-H. Clinical and histopathological features and potential pathological mechanisms of skin lesions in COVID-19: Review of the literature. dermatopathology. 2020;7(1):3–16.
Putra BE, Adiarto S, Dewayanti SR, Juzar DA. Viral exanthem with “Spins and needles sensation” on extremities of a COVID-19 patient: A self-reported case from an Indonesian medical frontliner. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020; 96:355–358.
Abuelgasim E, Dona ACM, Sondh RS, Harky A. Management of urticaria in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review. Dermatologic Therapy. 2021;34:e14328.
Wollina U, Karadag AS, Rowland-Payne C, Chiriac A, Lotti T. Cutaneous signs in COVID-19 patients: A review. Dermatologic Therapy. 2020;33:e13549.
Ring J. The skin in the era of coronavirus pandemic. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2020; 34:1384–1385.
Novak N, Peng W, Naegeli MC, Galvan C, Kolm-Djamei I, Brüggen C, et al. SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, skin and immunology–what do we know so far? Allergy. 2021;76:698-713.
Türsen U, Belma Türsen B , Torello Lotti T. Cutaneous side-effects of the potential COVID-19 drugs. Dermatologic Therapy. 2020: e13476.
Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, Casey BM, Catherine Y. Spong CY. Williams Obstetrics, 25e. Chapter42. America: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2018.
Pérez OM, Rodriguez PP, Hernandez MM, Pardilla MBE, Perez Perez N, Hernandez MRV, et al. The association between COVID-19 and preterm delivery: A cohort study with a multivariate analysis. medRxiv. 2020. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.05.20188458v1
Radam MR, Soetrisno S, Respati SH. Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) level is lower in premature rupture of membrane. Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2014;2(2):69–75.