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March 13, 2025
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June 19, 2026
Published
June 19, 2026
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Abstract

The concept of hardship clauses is not explicitly recognized in the Civil Code. In practice, Indonesian courts rely on force majeure and good faith (Article 1338 paragraph (3) of the Civil Code). Nevertheless, the development of hardship clauses in business contracts play an important role in providing flexibility and fairness to the parties involved when facing significant and unexpected changes in circumstances. The emergence of hardship clauses is driven by the dynamics of global business contracts and their continued development, which require a breakthrough system based on humanitarian values, without being constricted to legal positivism. From a prophetic legal perspective, the principles of justice (al-'adl), public welfare (maslahah), and protection of the rights of the weaker party serve as key elements in the drafting and implementation of such clauses. This article examines hardship clauses in the context of Indonesian law using a normative and conceptual approach based on prophetic values. The results of the study show that regulations regarding hardship clauses are not regulated in contract law in Indonesia.that should exist in accordance with prophetic legal values: humanization, liberation, and transcendence. On the other hand, hardship clauses, when viewed from an prophetic law perspective, demonstrate harmony, indicating that business relationships are not solely concerned with muamalah (transactional transactions) but aim to achieve the essence of divine values. This study recommends responsive regulatory reforms in the form of hardship clauses to ensure a balanced distribution of rights and obligations among parties in business contracts. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating prophetic values ​​into contract law to create a more humane, responsive, and just legal system.

Keywords

Hardship Clause Business Contract Prophetic Law

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Copyright (c) 2026 Junaidi Arif, Nandang Sutrisno, Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto

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How to Cite
Arif, J., Sutrisno, N., & Heriyanto, D. S. N. (2026). Hardship Clauses in Business Contracts from the Perspective of Prophetic Law. Prophetic Law Review, 60–82. https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol8.iss1.art3
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